A Novel Approach to the Examination of Soil Evidence: Mineral Identification Using Infrared Microprobe Analysis*

Abstract: Identification of minerals using the infrared microprobe with a diamond internal reflection objective is a rapid and reliable method for forensic soil examinations. Ninety‐six mineral varieties were analyzed, and 77 were differentiated by their attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra. Mineral grains may be mounted in oil for conventional polarized light microscope characterization and their ATR spectrum obtained with little or no interference by the liquid. This infrared microprobe method can be used to identify silicates, phosphates, nitrates, carbonates, and other covalent minerals; however, ionic minerals, metal oxide and sulfide minerals, and minerals with refractive indexes greater than diamond do not produce identifiable spectra, but the lack of a spectrum or one with high absorbance values does provide useful information. This research demonstrates the overall utility that infrared microprobe analysis brings mineral identification in soil evidence.     

同洲电子的3G赌途

当渠道越来越长，人员越来越多的时候，手机业越来越薄的利润如何支撑起企业的整体运营，这对同洲3G手机当家人的经营智慧是个不小的考验     

建国初期婚姻制度改革研究

婚姻制度是规范男女两性关系和家庭关系的一种法律制度 ,婚姻关系处在社会生活的表层 ,是社会变迁的指示器。建国初期是中国从传统社会向现代化社会过渡最为剧烈的时期 ,这一时期的我国婚姻制度改革体现了由家庭本位到个人本位的过渡 ,婚姻制度改革对普通民众的生活和社会发展产生了极大的影响     

通货膨胀目标制的内涵及在中国的检验

通货膨胀目标制是当今世界流行的一种货币政策制度.尽管学术界至今对通货膨胀目标制存在不同意见,但对这一制度的有关特征是有共识的,即要明确规定一个数量化的通货膨胀目标;货币政策操作应该有相当高的透明度;中央银行对通货膨胀目标的实现承担责任.此外,通货膨胀目标制是一个包括操作工具、操作目标、信息变量和最终目标在内的有关货币政策制定和实施的系统.本文构建了这一制度的模型框架,并用中国的数据检验了其适用性.结果表明,灵活通胀目标制规则在当前中国的货币政策实践中并不非常适合.     

中国奴隶制的终结及其意义

人口买卖在中国历史上长期存在,1906年清两广总督兼南洋大臣周馥上书禁革人口买卖,对人口买卖进行了道义上的彻底否定。此后,修订法律大臣沈家本两次分别上《人口议》和《奴婢议》,对种种维护奴隶制的理论进行了鞭辟入里的分析批驳。经过有识之士持续不断的努力,1910年的《钦定大清刑律》终于彻底废除了奴隶制,但是该法规定的生效日期则是民国时期的1912年。中国奴隶制的废除无疑是世界人权发展史上的重大事件,它的最终实现以及人们对它的集体遗忘为我们提出了一系列值得思考的法理问题。     

试论自行车交通在我国大城市交通中的定位

自行车交通优点和缺点并存决定了它是我国大城市公共交通的辅助和补充,它具有明确的使用范围。因此,宏观上,自行车交通仍有必要存在下去,但要限制它的发展;微观上,完善自行车交通法规,加强对自行车交通的组织和管理,仍是一项紧迫的任务。     

Small Screens and Big Streets: A Comparison of Women Police Officers on Primetime Crime Shows and in U.S. Police Departments, 1950 to 2008

This article utilizes a longitudinal approach to assess the visibility of women as police officers in primetime crime shows from 1950 to 2008 and compares these numbers for television to actual data on women who work as police officers in the United States. We find that as expected, annual labor force data and crime show data both indicate increases in the number of minorities and women working in the criminal justice system over time. Given the robust literature on the general underrepresentation of women on television, however, we did not expect to uncover that both White and minority women are overrepresented as police officers on television every year compared to the occupational reality. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Policewomen in the 1950s

Attempts to prevent prenatal harm have led to a number of court cases resulting in interference with pregnant women. These include incarceration and the imposition of medical and surgical treatments thought to prevent prenatal harm. We argue that the legal sanctions that have been used and/or are proposed for use against pregnant women in order to prevent prenatal harm are (1) morally unjustified even where they might be legal, (2) are morally and legally unacceptable because they violate important moral values captured in our legal system, and (3) are morally unacceptable and would make bad law because they would contribute to the harm they would be instituted to prevent.     

中国法律早期现代化的保守性价值评析

对如何评价中国晚清修律中保守性价值问题进行讨论。对晚清时期中国社会的法律价值重新评价,与西方国家法律现代化进行比较,考虑近代中国国家和民族的政治功利性,考虑民族心理,考虑当时的历史背景、学术水准以及东方国家现代化的共同规律,认为中国早期法律现代化中包含某些保守性价值是具有历史合理性的存在。     

Three Days to the End of Recertification

Minister of internal affairs Rashid Nurgaliyev has promised militiamen dismissed in connection with recertification that they will not be left destitute.     

当“中国制造”遭遇美国“337大棒”

有知情人士表示,在中美贸易关系越来越政治化的情况下,美国对中国产品诉以反倾销的可能性越来越大。美国对华贸易制裁随着美国商务部部长埃文斯的访京而遽然升级,埃氏表示,如果中国不能立即采取行动继续开放中国的市场,美国国会就会通过有关法案对中国产品增加27％的关税。而     

对20世纪50年代中国宪法学基本范畴的分析与反思

一门学科的生命力首先表现在基本范畴与学术规范的确立。宪法学作为研究宪法现象的知识体系,应确立表明其独立学科地位的范畴与学术话语。中国宪法学发展正处于社会转型期,需要认真反思5 0年来宪法学范畴发展的历史过程,以中国社会的发展为背景,建构中国宪法学基本范畴。     

A Bayesian Approach to Age Estimation in Modern Americans from the Clavicle*

Abstract: Clavicles from 1289 individuals from cohorts spanning the 20th century were scored with two scoring systems. Transition analysis and Bayesian statistics were used to obtain robust age ranges that are less sensitive to the effects of age mimicry and developmental outliers than age ranges obtained using a percentile approach. Observer error tests showed that a simple three‐phase scoring system proved the least subjective, while retaining accuracy levels. Additionally, significant sexual dimorphism was detected in the onset of fusion, with women commencing fusion at least a year earlier than men (women transition to fusion at approximately 15 years of age and men at 16 years). Significant secular trends were apparent in the onset of skeletal maturation, with modern Americans transitioning to fusion approximately 4 years earlier than early 20th century Americans and 3.5 years earlier than Korean War era Americans. These results underscore the importance of using modern standards to estimate age in modern individuals.     

论大数据时代背景下我国检务公开信息化平台建设

大数据时代使得当今社会搜集和处理各类信息数据的过程变得更为简单便捷,数据分析技术亦被广泛应用,已经深入影响到社会生活的各个方面.检务公开作为最高人民检察院提出的对外公布检察机关履行职责情况及相关信息的一项司法改革举措,其相关信息数据的公开,自然也面临着来自大数据时代的机遇与挑战.面对这一日益凸显的发展趋势,加强检务公开信息化平台建设,以公开促公正、以公正促和谐,是积极应对网络舆论监督的正确途径.努力加强大数据时代背景下我国检务公开的信息化平台建设,不仅是对检察权行使进行有效监督的时代要求,更是实现“公众在每一个司法案件中都感受到公平正义”的目标使然.     

Industrialisation and the Sustainability of China’s Agriculture*

The paper argues that the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture is constrained by the continuing adverse effects of the policy of industrialisation. This has resulted principally in an excessive loss of capital from the agricultural to the industrial sector, a loss of strategic natural resources and infrastructure from agriculture and severe environmental degradation associated directly and indirectly with the development of industry. Quantitative links are established between changes in the growth of grain production and the progress of industrialisation in the pre and post reform eras. It is argued that a fundamental adjustment to the relationship between industry and agriculture is needed and that a more favourable socio-economic environment will be required if China is to develop a sustainable agricultural sector within the context of a national autarky objective in the grain sector.     

A trip to China

The role of a TV action-line “troubleshooter” for dispute resolution is illustrated with viewers' letters and topics selected for broadcast. Focusing mainly on consumer complaints (non-auto retail), disputes selected for broadcast were more likely to be resolved in favor of the claimant than were requests handled off the air by the troubleshooter staff. Follow-up materials, however, suggest that obtaining a response from the trouble-shooter as well as a claimee was regarded positively by claimants. TV formats integrate “self-help” justice within a framework of informal justice, and thereby serve as an additional feature of the practical contexts of mediation, which include circumstance, situation, and biography and history.