Sexual sadism

Definitions of sexual sadism in ICD-10 and DSM-IV will be presented as well as the historical routes of the concept. Today studies on differently selected clinical samples reveal a different distribution of sexual sadism versus masochism with masochism prevailing in general especially outpatient psychiatric facilities, and sadism prevailing in forensic settings, thus corroborating the concept of two separated diagnoses sadism versus masochism. In forensic settings the diagnosis of a sadistic character disorder (sadistic personality disorder [SPD] according DSM-III-R) is found to a much higher degree than in other clinical samples (50-fold). Our own follow-up study on a forensic sample implies that sadism as a paraphilia is of relevance for relapse-rates of sex-offenders. Symptoms of SPD can be combined with sexual sadism, or occur independently. This may corroborate arguments in favor of a dimensional concept of sexual sadism. Symptoms of SPD may then be a sign of generalization of sadistic traits at least in some cases. A concept of two factors contributing to sadistic pleasure is suggested, one taking the aspect of bodily gratification by sexual-aggressive stimuli as decisive, and the other taking inner representation of hostile objects into consideration (stressing the antisocial-anger-rage aspect).     

Sexual assault patterns

The numbers and types of all sexual offences examined at the Metropolitan Police Forensic Science Laboratory during the years 1978-1986 are presented. The largest number of sexual assaults took place during the month of August; they were mainly intra-racial and between adults of 18 to 30 years of age. A detailed breakdown is given of the offences against females recorded on the Sexual Assault Index. All these assaults were carried out by adult males, mainly strangers. Nearly half the assaults took place indoors, where victims were more likely to be bound and blindfolded, compared with one-third outdoors and one-sixth in vehicles. About one-fifth of the crimes were carried out by two men or more, and in one-third of cases, weapons were carried. Oral intercourse occurred in one-sixth and anal intercourse in one-twelfth of the offences, both performed more by white males and those of Mediterranean origin.     

性别就业歧视的法律救济之思考——以实行配额制度为中心保障妇女就业权

性别就业歧视在我国日益成为严重的社会问题,这将加重社会的不公,与和谐社会的发展背道而驰。我国应在建立就业率等执行机构,发挥工会和妇联在反歧视中的作用,赋予受歧视者诉权,实行举证责任转移,规范用人单位用人标准,加大违法成本,鼓励企业单位自愿实行配额制度等方面入手解决妇女就业歧视问题。     

性骚扰的民事责任初探

性骚扰的民事责任在中国属于新兴的研究课题。本文试图根据比较方法对性骚扰概念与性骚扰立法所保护的对象作出必要的法律界定 ;同时侧重讨论了证明性骚扰案件的证据问题和构成性骚扰的民事赔偿问题。     

Risk Factors for Male Sexual Aggression on College Campuses

Risk factors for college male sexual aggression that were both theoretically and empirically based were tested using multivariate regression analyses. These included substance abuse patterns, pornography consumption, negative gender-based attitudes, and child sexual abuse experiences. Regression analyses indicated that some gender attitudes, pornography use, and alcohol abuse were significant predictors of perpetration of sexual violence. Although a number of men were sexually abused as children, this risk factor did not predict sexual aggression as an adult. Many men reported alcohol-related sexual coercion and held many rape-supportive attitudes and beliefs. These practices by college men contribute to the prorape cultures found on many campuses. Strategies are needed to identify and intervene with high-risk men to prevent sexual victimization of women in college.     

性骚扰侵权责任探究

性骚扰是指违背当事人的意愿,采用包括语言和动作在内的一切与性有关的挑逗、侵犯和侮辱等方式,造成他人生理、心理损害或精神紧张的行为。它侵害的是受害人的性尊严权,具有严重的危害性。对于这种侵权行为,受害人可依法主张侵权人承担侵权责任。性骚扰侵权责任的承担方式有：停止侵害;赔礼道歉;赔偿损失,包括物质损害赔偿、精神损害赔偿、惩罚性损害赔偿。     

性骚扰的法律要素和认定标准

一、问题由来 我国《妇女权益保障法》的修正案规定：“禁止对妇女实施性骚扰”。这一规定说明：性骚扰在我国仅是作为男性对妇女权益侵害的一种违法行为,其立法基础是性别歧视。随着同性性骚扰行为在司法实践中被认定为侵权行为被追究民事责任的案例出现,这一法律规则被我国的司法实践所突破。同时,由于对性骚扰的认定标准、证据适用规则、处罚措施等方面规范的欠缺,使得该规定的效力和可操作性受到公众和法律界人士的质疑,     

Exploring the Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Sexual Perpetration

Empirical findings indicate that many adult sexual offenders experienced sexual abuse during childhood. It has been suggested that characteristics of offenders' sexual perpetrating behaviors may resemble their own victimization experiences, although there has been minimal empirical investigation in this area. The purpose of the present study was to provide preliminary data on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and characteristics of sexual offending behavior. A sample of adult male sexual offenders with histories of sexual abuse completed the Sexual Victimization Survey as well as a measure on their sexual offenses. Such characteristics as the nature of sexual activities, duration and frequency of experiences, and age and relationship of participants were examined. Results showed trends in the hypothesized direction and revealed a variety of similarities between childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual perpetration. Findings of this exploratory study suggest the importance of addressing the nature of victimization in the treatment of sexually abused boys and offenders with histories of sexual abuse.     

The Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner and the Successful Sexual Assault Prosecution

In recent years, specialized nursing skills have proliferated. On the leading edge of this phenomenon are sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs). This article, and its supporting research, examines the relationship between the SANE, the prosecutor's office, and the disposition of sexual assault cases in Texas. All prosecutors in this highly populous state were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the contributions of SANEs to the criminal justice process. Sexual assault cases present at each stage of prosecution unique obstacles to conviction, as thoroughly explored in other publications. The gauntlet of trial is intimidating to many, if not all, of the victims of this offense. Attempts to protect the victim from unnecessary and irrelevant personal attacks have been somewhat successful. SANEs, invariably volunteers with specialized forensic training, provide professional evidence collection and continuity of support for victims and are a pragmatic innovation in criminal justice. In this article, their role is examined through the lens of the prosecutors, the criminal justice officials most significant and influential in determining the ultimate resolution of complaints filed by victims of crime. The officials polled expressed great confidence in the abilities, commitment, and overall contribution of SANEs at each phase of the process, including trial. The progress and impact of this forensic specialization in gaining judicial recognition as an expert witness is also examined.     

Adolescent Sexual Victimization, ADHD Symptoms, and Risky Sexual Behavior

This study examined the association between ADHD symptoms experienced before age 12 and sexual victimization during adolescence in a sample of 374 college women who had not been sexually victimized as children. The linkage with risky sexual behavior and the moderating effects of sociodemographic factors also were considered using structural equation modeling. ADHD symptoms were associated with greater sexual victimization during adolescence and were linked with sexual victimization through engagement in risky sexual behavior. Sociodemographic factors did not affect the overall model; however, sociodemographic factors were differentially related to certain paths in the model. In particular, the associations between ADHD symptoms and sexual victimization, as well as risky sexual behavior, were stronger for Black than White women. Also, the relation between ADHD risky sexual behaviors was stronger for young women who grew up with only their mother than with both parents, and for those whose primary caregiver was employed rather than unemployed.     

Sexual asphyxia in siblings

We present an accidental autoerotic asphyxiation of a 24-year-old man. Further investigation revealed that 18 years earlier, his brother, then 13, had been found dead, hanging in the family bathroom. Although that death had been ruled a suicide, reevaluation of the death scene indicates that this was also an autoerotic asphyxiation. This is the first reported case of sexual asphyxia involving siblings.     

Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation as PTSD Mitigators in Child Sexual Abuse Survivors

Purpose and Potential benefits: Research, to our knowledge, has not examined the effect of demographic variables on PTSD symptoms among adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). This study explores the relationship between demographic variables and scores of CSA survivors on the Impact of Scale (IES). Participants were 257 women CSA survivors entering outpatient treatment at a university-based mental health center. All participants reported a CSA history and presented with psychological difficulties associated with CSA. The demographic variables investigated were relationship status, religious affiliation, ethnicity, educational level, spousal educational level income, and sexual orientation. Significance tests were used to examine each variable and scores on the Total IES and Avoidance and Intrusion Subscales. Total IES and Intrusion scores differed for sexual orientation and ethnicity in accord with conventional standards of significance ( < .05). Self-reported asexuals indicated fewer intrusive and total PTSD symptoms than heterosexuals, lesbians, and bisexuals. Likewise, Hispanics reported less intrusive PTSD symptoms than Non-Hispanic Caucasians. Our findings invite further exploration of the relationship between ethnicity and sexual orientation and the long-term effects of CSA. A question for empirical investigation is whether asexuality shields against the triggering of CSA memories by a sexual relationship. Another possible area of inquiry is whether particular characteristics of Hispanic culture as a whole serve to moderate the detrimental effects of CSA.     

英国警方调查显赫人物性侵儿童案

据英国“全国警察总监委员会”发起的“灭火行动”日前透露，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰警方已经调查1433名卷入儿童性侵的历史旧案的嫌疑人，有261人被列为“知名人物”，其中76人是政客，135人、43人和七人分别从事影视广播行业、音乐行业和体育界。在这些嫌疑人里，有很多人已经去世。     

Domestic Sexual Assault: A New Opportunity for Court Response

Based on research conducted for the State Justice Institute, this article examines the invisibility of domestic sexual assault—also known as intimate partner sexual assault or spousal, wife, or marital rape—from the perspective of community and court responses to domestic violence and sexual assault. The article identifies the consequences of invisibility of domestic sexual assault, including the potential for lethality, and offers suggestions to courts for improving outcomes for victims and perpetrators. Areas explored include data collection and analysis, judicial leadership, and specialization in victim response systems, law enforcement and prosecution, court management, and offender intervention.     

Determinants of Sexual Violence at Sexual Debut against in-School Adolescents in Ghana

Journal of Family Violence - Very few studies examine sexual violence perpetrated on adolescents in Ghana or in sub-Saharan Africa more generally. Using data collected in 2015 as part of a...