青少年犯罪预防机制之构建

加强对青少年犯罪的防控对策的研究，预防青少年犯罪，是一项任重道远的工作。本文对当前青少年犯罪现状及原因进行了简述，并从家庭、社区、学校和社会政府等几个方面设计了一个青少年犯罪的预防体系，以期对当今出现的一些问题的解决可以起到参考作用。     

青少年犯罪的成因分析及预防措施

近几年,青少年犯罪问题十分突出。我们应结合青少年生理和心理特点加强对青少年的健康教育,以此来预防和减少青少年犯罪的发生。通过政府、社会、学校、家庭、青少年自身等方面来改善青少年的生活学习环境,降低消极因素的影响,从而预防和减少青少年犯罪,使青少年能够健康成长。     

浅析青少年犯罪

目前,青少年犯罪与走私、毒品犯罪并列为世界三大公害而引起全社会的关注,对青少年违法犯罪的研究也成为全球性的重要课题。多年来,我国加强对青少年违法犯罪的研究、预防、治理工作,建立了青少年犯罪的预防、治理体系,制定了《未成年人保护法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》等相应的法律、法规,在减少未成年人犯罪方面取得了举世瞩目的成就。但是我国对青少年违法犯罪的研究起步较晚,要建立完善的科学的青少年违法犯罪预防、治理体系,仍是一项艰巨的工作,我结合学习、生活中的体会,谈谈我对青少年犯罪的一点肤浅看法。     

当前我国青少年犯罪的特点、原因和对策

青少年犯罪问题是一个复杂的社会问题,虽然经过多年的治理,但问题仍然比较突出。本文总结分析了我国青少年犯罪的现状和特点,从青少年自身的微观角度和整个社会的宏观角度,探讨了造成青少年偏离正常的社会轨道、走向违法犯罪的各种原因,对青少年犯罪的预防和控制作出了自己的思考。     

青少年网络犯罪的类型及原因分析

在信息时代的今天,青少年网络犯罪已成为全社会关注的重要问题,本文联系实际分析了近年来青少年网络犯罪的类型,并试图从家庭教育、学校教育、社会环境等方面入手,对青少年网络犯罪的原因进行粗浅的分析,希望通过原因的分析能号召全社会加强对青少年的保护,促进青少年健康成长,预防和减少青少年网络犯罪。     

青少年违法犯罪问题探析

根据专家分析 ,我国正在经历建国以来的第五次犯罪高峰 ,而这第五次犯罪高峰的特征之一 ,便是青少年违法犯罪现象十分突出。《预防未成年人犯罪法》的颁布和实施 ,必将对遏制青少年违法犯罪起到不可估量的作用。为了贯彻落实《预防未成年人犯罪法》 ,教育青少年远离犯罪行为 ,本文试就青少年违法犯罪问题作些初步探析。　　一、青少年犯罪的主要原因马克思主义认为 ,犯罪是一种复杂的社会现象。当前 ,青少年违法犯罪已是社会普遍关注的问题。是什么原因导致青少年违法犯罪日趋严重 ?原因尽管很多 ,但总的看来有主客观两个方面 :从主观上分析…     

试论青少年犯罪及预防的对策思考

近年来我国青少年犯罪率逐日递增,青少年犯罪问题已引起全社会的关注,如何提高青少年的法律素质,更好地预防青少年犯罪,已成为社会的焦点。21世纪的青少年是我国社会主义现代化建设事业的接班人,教育和培养好青少年,是我们中华民族永葆生机和活力的根本大计,是社会主义现代化建设事业的基础工程,是全党全社会共同的社会责任。本文将从青少年犯罪的特点、原因以及对青少年犯罪的防治等方面进行阐述。     

从“城市边缘青少年”违法犯罪，看我国预防青少年犯罪

社会转型期。由于地区性的经济差异。大量外来青少年涌入大城市，成为“城市边缘青少年”，而城市的基础管理能力弱化，公共文化建设、教育资源不能满足每个青少年的需求，以及外来青少年的家庭教育的缺失，城市就业困难等因素，使一部分追求物质享受的外来青少年违法犯罪。然而我国《未成年人保护法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》、《教育法》中保护未成年人权益、预防朱成年人犯罪的条款是否适用“城市边缘青少年”？我国的预防青少年犯罪的措施针对“城市边缘青少年”是否有效、可行？笔者建议：首先政府应当建立专门的预防犯罪机构，组织、协调“城市边缘青少年”预防犯罪问题；其次增强基层社会营控力度和广度，将“城市边缘青少年”纳入所在地社区管理。同时政府投入资金。发展职业技术教育、保障基础教育，解决“城市边缘青少年”的教育问题；再是加强城市人口调控，优化城市人口结构和素质等措施，预防青少年犯罪．     

试论青少年犯罪的特征、原因和预防对策

近几年来,青少年犯罪问题十分突出,已引起了全社会的极大关注和重视,我们必须深刻认识青少年犯罪的特点、探求其原因,采取切实可行的措施,减少青少年犯罪。青少年犯罪的原因很多,综合起来,有家庭、学校、社会及自身等因素。预防青少年犯罪需要家庭、学校、社会三方面的力量互相配合,共同营造一个适合青少年健康成长的优良环境,遏制青少年犯罪的发生。     

略论青少年犯罪检察预防性维权

青少年犯罪预防与青少年维权密切相连,是青少年健康成长保障的两个方面,它是一项系统工程。检察机关在青少年犯罪预防性维权中扮演者重要的角色:参与法制宣传、家庭预防指导、社会防范建议、政府预防的监督等等;在刑事诉讼过程中,采取:社会调查、心理测试、程序运行中的教育以及帮教等。青少年犯罪的检察预防也存在着主体上、认识上和手段上的诸多局限,要在检察预防性维权工作突破这种局限。     

流动人群未成年人犯罪防控机制的构建

由于升学、就业、社会保障等方面存在的差别待遇,户籍在社会群体的分野中发挥重要作用。在犯罪学中将流动人群作为研究犯罪成因和防控的特定社会群体,有着现实的意义。未成年人犯罪问题日益为社会所关注,而流动人群中的未成年人受到所处环境等因素的影响,犯罪呈高发、上升态势,严重影响未成年人的身心健康和社会稳定。除了从犯罪遏制力、社区矫正等方面探讨流动人群未成年人犯罪的预防与控制外,我们还应结合流动人群未成年人的特殊性,采取必要的辅助手段。     

Deliberate firesetting: hotspot schools as arenas and preventive actors

ABSTRACT

Firesetting is one of the crime acts most representative of youth crime, and schools are among the buildings most often targeted, causing significant social, material and economic damage. This study examines schools as arenas with particular exposure to deliberate firesetting and as actors interpreting and utilizing their organizational scope to prevent school fires. The focus on school organizations is unique and urgently needed in research on juvenile firesetting, given their pivotal but under-researched role in crime prevention. The study is based on an in-depth analysis of data (interviews, documents and official registry data) related to 20 fire-exposed lower secondary schools in two major Swedish cities. These schools mobilized a broad repertoire of social, situational and structural measures. Interviewed school personnel perceived and responded to firesetting in relation to the institutional school setting, group dynamics, individual characteristics and local context. The schools were generally located in socio-economically disadvantaged areas and faced comprehensive educational and social challenges. The firesetting problem – and paradoxically some well-intentioned preventive efforts – risk adding further dimensions to school segregation and inequality, potentially increasing stigmatization and marginalization.     

城市和谐的安全保障：犯罪预防战略措施及其整体优化

犯罪成型是一个发展过程,控制城市犯罪泛滥的预防措施也必须是一个发展过程。必须控制社区解体的速度以及社会成员特别是贫困群体等弱势主体对经济社会变迁的承受度。公民、城市公共场所的管理者、公司、企业、事业单位都有义务根据能力采取适当的情境型犯罪预防措施控制特色的犯罪行为。发展型、社区型、情境型犯罪预防战略措施优化升级的内在要求促使犯罪预防理论与实践思考控制犯罪的全新分析视角。     

Constructing Crime against the Elderly in Swedish Crime Prevention Campaigns

The study investigates how crime prevention activities frame the problem of crime against the elderly, regarding character, causes, effects and solutions. Data was collected through participant observations, interviews and analysis of a film produced by a local crime prevention council in Sweden. It is concluded that crime prevention for seniors produces complex and contradicting images of the problem. In situational crime prevention seniors are warned to look out for strangers stalking them or trying to access their homes. Statements that victimization is uncommon among the old are combined with warnings that invoke images of mysterious ever-present perpetrators. In social crime prevention, where causes and interventions of crime are discussed, crime prevention officers link the problem to established social problems such as drug abuse and juvenile delinquency. This way of framing the problem is typical for a Swedish Social Democratic perspective, where lack of community and integration are defined as causes of social problems. It is concluded that warnings to look out for strangers who ask for help may be at odds with this striving towards community.     

浅议面对我国青少年犯罪问题的政府作为

时代高速发展的今日，伴随着人们生活水平的提高的同时，城市犯罪率也节节攀升，而其中犯罪更有向年轻化发展的趋势。犯罪年轻化问题，特别是青少年犯罪，严重威胁了我国的正常运行，具有不可预计的潜在危害性，急需政府采取失当行为应对。究其原因，除了与社会环境、思想观念的变化密切相关外，更涉及社会制度、家庭管理和个人素质等各个层面的原因。政府在面对犯罪年轻化问题时，可通过完善社会制度、改善社会风气、强化各方监督体系等方面加强管理，以减少青少年犯罪为突破口，达到从源头上控制犯罪的目的。     

Hot Spots of Juvenile Crime: A Longitudinal Study of Arrest Incidents at Street Segments in Seattle,Washington

Recent studies have shown that crime is concentrated at micro level units of geography defined as hot spots. Despite this growing evidence of the concentration of crime at place, studies to date have dealt primarily with adult crime or have failed to distinguish between adult and juvenile offenses. In this paper, we identify crime incidents in which a juvenile was arrested at street segments in Seattle, Washington, over a 14-year period, to assess the extent to which officially recorded juvenile crime is concentrated at hot spots. Using group-based trajectory analysis, we also assess the stability and variability of crime at street segments over the period of the study. Our findings suggest that officially recorded juvenile crime is strongly concentrated. Indeed, just 86 street segments in Seattle include one-third of crime incidents in which a juvenile was arrested during the study period. While we do observe variability over time in trajectories identified in the study, we also find that high rate juvenile crime street segments remain relatively stable across the 14 years examined. Finally, confirming the importance of routine activity theory in understanding the concentration of juvenile crime in hot spots, we find a strong connection between high rate trajectory groups and places likely to be a part of juvenile activity spaces. Though place-based crime prevention has not been a major focus of delinquency prevention, our work suggests that it may be an area with great promise.     

关于创新群防群治工作机制的思考

随着社会的发展，社会组织结构和人们的价值观发生了变化，群防群治工作面临的最主要问题是群众的参与积极性不高、社会整合资本下降，造成群防群治工作乏力。本文在对群防群治工作面对的社会结构背景和具体问题进行客观分析的基础上，就创新群防群治工作理念和完善群防群治工作机制提出具体建议。     

Adolescents’ level of knowledge of and supportive attitudes to sexual crime in the Swedish context

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was twofold. First, we wanted to quantify the level of knowledge of Swedish young people regarding sexual crime and to evaluate their supportive attitudes, while at the same time we aimed at identifying, through self-report, the sources that most contribute to such knowledge and attitudes. A sample of 245 upper secondary school students was selected from five schools in four Swedish counties. The results indicate that adolescents in Sweden have a high level of knowledge of rape, sexual molestation/harassment, and sexual exploitation of a dependent person. Furthermore, they show non-supportive attitudes to rape, sexual harassment, and sexual crime in general. However, some issues related to these types of crime proved to be confusing to the participants and, therefore, require targeting in education policies, specifically among juvenile males and those born abroad. The results are discussed in the context of the needs for sexual crime prevention.     

未成年人犯罪预防体系下的工读教育——以上海的工读学校为例

工读教育是我国未成年人犯罪预防体系的重要组成部分,但面对当前社会的巨大变革,工读教育面临很多困难与问题。为了遏制未成年人违法犯罪的高发态势,我国应当以科学发展观为指导,进一步发展与完善工读教育。     

我国青少年犯罪及其防治探讨

本文认为由于对青少年犯罪问题没有足够重视,致使青少年教育工作存在不少问题:青少年违法犯罪增多,且呈低龄化、团伙化、暴力化,手段残忍,社会危害大。在此,笔者探讨了青少年犯罪率上升的原因,并提出了防治犯罪的几点对策。