英国《民事诉讼规则》中的调解制度研究

1999年生效的英国<民事诉讼规则>明确鼓励当事人通过替代性纠纷解决方式解决纠纷,而调解是其中一种重要的方式.<规则>对调解的激励产生了显著的效果,使得更多的当事人选择通过调解方式解决纠纷.但是,近10年来的实践表明,现行的调解制度还存在一些问题,需要做出一定的调整.     

英国《民事诉讼规则》对ADR的支持与发展

本文通过对1999年4月生效的英国新的《民事诉讼规则》的分析,从制度层面和司法实践方面对英国的ADR制度的实施情况及特点作了相关阐述和研究。     

英国新《民事诉讼规则》实施后的反馈与评价

一、英国民事诉讼改革的背景 1994年哈里·沃尔夫(Harry Woolf)勋爵为英国上议院议员和英国高等法院的民庭庭长,受大法官的委任审查英国和威尔士民事法庭的规则和程序。沃尔夫勋爵于1995年6月发表了一份中期报告(The Interim Report)阐述了英国有关民事诉讼所存在的问题,并提出了改革的议程。其后,沃尔夫勋爵编辑了最终     

《鹿特丹规则》述评

2008年12月11日,联合国大会正式通过了<联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约>,并建议将公约命名为<鹿特丹规则>.本文在介绍该公约主要内容的基础上,比较了公约与<海牙规则>、<维斯比规则>、<汉堡规则>及我国<海商法>的主要区别并加以评析,最后提出对我国<海商法>修改的立法建议.     

浅谈《民事诉讼监督规则(试行)》存在的问题和建议

2013年9月23日由最高人民检察院第十二届检察委员会第十次会议通过《人民检察院民事诉讼监督规则(试行)》,虽然比原来的《人民检察院民事行政抗诉案件办案规则》有效大的改进,但仍存在一些困扰办案的问题。本文就办案时限与调卷难的矛盾、启动听证会程序和保障措施不明确、提请抗诉通知当事人易引发矛盾缠诉等问题,提出意见和建议。     

浅析英国新民事诉讼规则的快速程序

诉讼程序复杂、诉讼周期过长和诉讼费用昂贵是进行民事司法制度改革的国家所面临的共同问题,寻求有效的司法救济途径,追求程序公正与程序效益的统一成为司法制度改革的根本目标.鉴于此,英国对其民事司法制度进行了全局性的改革,而1999年4月26日生效实施的新民事诉讼规则构成了英国民事诉讼改革的核心内容.     

浅析英国新民事诉讼规则的快速程序

诉讼程序复杂、诉讼周期过长和诉讼费用昂贵是进行民事司法制度改革的国家所面临的共同问题 ,寻求有效的司法救济途径 ,追求程序公正与程序效益的统一成为司法制度改革的根本目标。鉴于此 ,英国对其民事司法制度进行了全局性的改革 ,而１９９９年４月２６日生效实施的新民事诉讼规则构成了英国民事诉讼改革的核心内容。新民事诉讼规则大体上采纳了沃尔夫勋爵（ＬｏｒｄＷｏｏｌｆ）的改革观点 ,即审理案件不仅要追求审理的正确性 ,还要考虑时间、费用等多方面的因素 ;而法官若要兼顾案件的精确度与效益等诸多因素 ,就必须对案件进行有效的管…     

跨国民事诉讼规则——(初步草案第二稿)

第1条解释原则 1.1 本规则的解释应促进实体公正和程序公正,并考虑诉讼当事人的法律和文化传统。 1.2 各方当事人有权适当地陈述案件(present its case),当事人诉讼地位对等。     

英国最新《公司法》修改述评

英国《公司法》修正案在经过长达8年的激烈争论后,于2006年11月8日最终获得王室批准(royal assent),完成了最后的立法程序,新修正的公司法被称为《2006年公司法》(the Companies Act 2006)(以下简称新《公司法》)。     

民事诉讼证据中有关鉴定的诠释与规则适用探讨

新《民事证据规定》涉及鉴定条款占所有条款数量的四分之一,其中,新增条款又约占整个鉴定条款的60%。这种大幅度对鉴定问题的修订,彰显出鉴定在民事证据中的重要地位与实践中的突出作用。这些有关鉴定条款的修改、新增和删除,除理顺民事证据规定与民事诉讼法及其相关解释的关系和回应民众对鉴定的需求外,侧重于人民法院对鉴定委托的管理和对鉴定人活动的规范。具体体现为加强鉴定委托管理、强化鉴定人出庭作证、限制鉴定人撤销鉴定意见、严格鉴定人承诺和作虚假鉴定等方面的责任,尤其是鉴定费用退回的制裁方式。但也存在规范鉴定人和法官行为的失衡,以及条款间及其与相关司法解释的不协调问题等。对此需要在尊重诉讼规律、科学规律和证据规则本质的基础上,以司法改革、司法鉴定制度改革以及与相关法律、司法解释衔接和协调的综合视角对有关鉴定的规定作出理论诠释与适用说明,不宜孤立地解释条款的字面含义,以免导致实践适用上的失控。     

A note on burdens of proof in civil litigation

It has been widely believed that who bears the burden of proof significantly affects the incentives of the legal parties. In particular, Hay and Spier (J Legal Stud 26:413–431, 1997) argues that if legal parties have a commonly accessible body of evidence (perfectly correlated pieces of evidence), the party who bears the burden of proof will present the evidence if and only if the evidence supports his position, while the other party (without the burden) will refrain from presenting it regardless of whether the evidence supports his position. In this paper, I claim that the result will be dramatically changed if the pieces of evidence that each party possesses are not perfectly correlated. I show that each party will present the evidence that supports his position whenever available, regardless of the burden of proof assignment. This implies that allocating the burden of proof does not matter in terms of information elicitation.     

民事诉讼能力的影响因素

目的探索精神病人民事诉讼能力的影响因素,为民事诉讼能力量化评定奠定基础。方法以司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所2002—2005年期间进行民事诉讼能力评定案例中的被鉴定人为研究对象,采用RTHD和自编的民事诉讼相关情况调查表,从医学要件和法学要件两方面探索民事诉讼能力影响因素。结果共纳入100例研究对象,分为有或无民事诉讼能力两组,在一般状态、认知障碍、情感症状、行为异常和法律心理能力等方面均存在显著差异,自知力、记忆力、智能对民事诉讼能力具有显著影响,两组社会功能也存在显著差别。结论在精神症状的影响下,精神病人理解表达、判断和控制能力等明显受损,不能正常地进行民事诉讼。     

News media reporting on civil litigation and its influence on civil justice decision making

The news media have the potential to act as a powerful influence on the civil litigation system, influencing decision making in particular cases and on the system more generally as media reports influence the decision making of various participants in the system. This paper reviews the research that has examined the relationship between news media reporting and civil litigation and proposes a framework that integrates this work and provides guidance for future research efforts. Specifically, we discuss the nature of media reporting on civil litigation, perceptions of the civil litigation system held by the public and legal actors, and the potential influence of news reporting about civil litigation on the decision making of jurors, judges, civil litigants, and policymakers. Overall, the research suggests that news reporting of civil litigation presents a systematically distorted picture of civil litigation and that this reporting can influence perceptions and outcomes of civil litigation in various ways. However, there are many gaps in the existing research that need to be filled. The proposed organizational scheme helps to identify ways that future research can provide links between the findings of existing research and to identify ways in which this research can be extended to new areas.     

论民事诉讼中电子数据的运用规则

2012年《民事诉讼法》的修改,使电子数据作为民事诉讼法中一种独立的证据方法的地位得以确立.但由于现有证据制度框架内缺少对实物证据真实性进行证明的方法和程序,使得在运用电子数据这一动态、海量以及严重依赖程序系统的证据方法时无法充分发挥其证明作用.要解决民事诉讼中运用电子数据力不从心的状况,必须针对电子数据的特性,确立证明其真实性的方法,并藉此解决电子数据的出示形式和程序,以使电子数据这一越来越广泛出现的证据方法在民事诉讼中能发挥其自身的独特作用.     

Information technology in complex civil litigation in England and Wales

The use of information technology in civil litigation in England and Wales is in its infancy. In particular, litigation support systems are used by few,¹ and only within some solicitors’ offices and barristers’ chambers. The process of litigation support has not yet been taken from the solicitor's office into the court room.

Complex litigation is an area of legal practice particularly apt to benefit from the use of modern information technology both before trial and during the trial. Complex litigation involves such a diversity of issues, allegations of fact, and divergent opinions as to be difficult to retain within the short term memory of one human brain for the length of time taken by the exposition of the evidence and argument followed by judicial analysis and expression of the judgment.

This type of litigation also benefits from intervention by the Court in the preparations for trial, and in that endeavour information technology would also be most helpful.

In this article I shall try to review in very general terms what is done and what could be attempted. I shall generally concentrate on civil rather than criminal litigation.

The views expressed are my views alone.     

论我国民事诉讼第三审制度之构建

我国两审终审的民事审级制度,由于欠缺对审级制度功能理论和相关民事诉讼基本原理的考虑,在司法实践中产生了种种弊端,已不适应形势发展的需要。因此,有必要借鉴国外先进立法经验,建构第三审程序。在第三审程序中,应当只审理法律问题,允许当事人以协议方式越级向第三审法院上诉,并对具有示范意义的案件实行特别上诉、最高法院提审和上诉许可制度。出于审理范围恒定原则,在第三审程序中,不得提起反诉、附带上诉。     

Appeal rate and caseload: evidence from civil litigation in Korea

Courts of modern democratic societies have generally implemented appeal procedures to correct potential errors in ruling. However, considering the time and effort that both litigants spend, availability of an appeal cannot be better than reaching the correct judgment in the original case. This difficulty raises the policy issue of how to reduce the rate of appeals and improve welfare of litigants. In this paper, we assert that lower caseloads allow judges to expend more time and effort on each case, contributing to lower appeal rates. Analysis of court-level data from Korea corroborates our inference.     

证据排除规则的重构——以诉讼效率为视角

诉讼效率指诉讼收益与诉讼成本之间的差额。诉讼收益主要体现为发现真实,而诉讼成本主要体现为证据的收集与认定成本。证据排除规则既可以保障发现案件真实,亦可以保护其他合法利益,但我国目前的证据法没有能够从提供诉讼效率的角度去设计证据排除规则,我国诉讼法中不同的诉讼采用相同的证明标准是这一现象出现的重要原因。