Reading a bureaucratic career backwards: how did Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha become the Inspector-General of Rumelia?

When Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1855–1918) was appointed as the Inspector General for the Rumelian Provinces (Vilâyât-? Selâse Umûm Müfetti?i) in November 1902, his eligibility for such a position was questioned by some of his contemporaries. This article aims to reconstruct and understand the path that led this statesman, from the very beginning of his career, towards the inspectorate during the time of Sultan Abdulhamid II (r. 1876–1909). Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha began his bureaucratic life in Midilli (Lesbos Island) in 1874, and he was very fortunate to encounter Nam?k Kemal and become his protégé. Apart from his early career, he mainly served in the southern Anatolian and Syrian regions of the empire, and later in Yemen. However, these regions were afflicted with similar problems, a fact that helped Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha evolve into a ‘crisis management expert’. The experiences he gained at each post opened the door for the next one, thus transforming him into a prominent statesman of the Hamidian administration and ultimately enabling him to reach the inspectorate of Rumelia.     

Seyyid Said bin Sultan BuSaid of Oman and Zanzibar: Women in the Life of this Arab Patriarch

Seyyid Said bin Sultan BuSaid, ruler of Oman (1806–1856) and of Oman and Zanzibar (1836–1856) owed his Omani throne to his fraternal aunt. He married her daughter, his cousin, and cast a wide net for nocturnal partners—slaves from mainly the Black Sea and Abyssinia. He married two Persian royals, and courted the Queen of Madagascar. This paper covers the major events in Said's life from the death of his father, Sultan, in 1904 when his aunt stepped in to aid him (and a brother with whom he became co-ruler for a few years), until Said's death at sea in 1856. Suffering losses of territory his predecessors had gained in the Persian Gulf, Said created a domestic empire in Zanzibar.     

Malaria Control for Rural Populations

This article forms the concluding part of a lecture by the Directorof the Ross Institute of Tropical Hygiene, on the 24th July.Dr.Macdonald opened with a discussion on the present state ofmalaria research, details of which may be found in the Bibliography.His discussion mainly turned on the point whether children whoare particularly susceptible should be allowed, by repeatedinfection to develop immunity in adult life. He himself wasopposed to this method— in an investigation in SierraLeone, he had discovered that 42 per cent of school childrenhad a pathological temperature. On the other hand, Dr. Wilson,in Tanganyika, came to a diametrically opposite conclusion,and this view holds the field in East and Central Africa to-day,especially in rural areas. Dr. Worthington, in Science in Africa,has stressed the need for research; but, quoting evidence fromSierra Leone, Tanganyika, and Nyasaland, Dr. Macdonald is ofthe opinion that prima facie evidence shows that malaria doescause ill-effects on a large scale, malaria causes large childmortality, and in adult life, it causes varying degrees of instability.     

日语中“风流”一词的语义溯源——以佐藤春夫的《“风流”论》为中心

日本近代文人佐藤春夫随着人生阅历、艺术体验的加深，他对个体生命的颓废性越挖越深，将目光转向日本传统美学“风流”一词的内涵阐释。他站在日本古典文学的高度，在东方人特有的美学观照下，将唯关的趣味与颓废的情绪结合起来，创造性地总结出日本人的“风流”观。本文试图就佐藤春夫的《“风流”论》进行阐述，并结合他的论述具体解析“风流”一词在日本文学、美学传统中的语义流变。     

Marxist scholarship on Thailand the work of E. Thadeus flood (1932–1977)

Abstract

Thadeus Flood died of cancer on December 11, 1977. The last ten years of his life were devoted to promoting revolutionary change and resisting American imperialism in Thailand. His life and work reveal the contradictions of American education and imperialist policy. This is not only because of what he wrote about, but because his life and scholarship transcended his conservative and “apolitical” education, moving him from academic scholarship to political commitment, forcing him beyond the functions within the university for which he had been intended. American imperialism in Southeast Asia gave him a political awareness which his education had consistently denied him. In this brief article I would like to indicate the important lessons which Asian scholars and others can learn from his transformation, and to attempt to assess his seminal contribution to the study of Thailand. I seek to draw, from his life and work, political lessons which can further our common struggles.     

‘This is a Prison…A Death in Life’: Reza Shah’s troubled exile on the Island of Mauritius

Reza Shah, the feared and powerful master of Iran for nearly two decades, spent the last years of his life in lonely exile, on the island of Mauritius, then in South Africa. His life in exile was hardly a happy one. The place and conditions of his exile were dictated not by himself but by the British, and the relationship between the two remained uneasy. Britain’s handling of Reza Shah – the degree and freedom and choice they were prepared to allow him and his family – were determined by the exigencies of war. Reza Shah sought to loosen the bonds of British control. In Tehran, his son and successor, Mohammad Reza Shah, also played a role. He used what leverage he had with the British to help ease the conditions of his father’s exile, while he endeavored to protect Iran’s interests under a difficult foreign occupation. The push-and-pull of cross-purposes entailed by this triangular relationship defined Reza Shah’s life in exile in both Mauritius and Johannesburg. This article examines the Mauritian period of his exile.     

论李仁老的文学开创性及其重要影响

李仁老对韩国汉文学的发展具有奠基性和开创性的作用，主要表现为他是韩国民族诗话创作的开拓者、韩国“八景文学”的开创者、陶渊明《归去来辞》的首和者、高丽诗歌关学的奠基者，正是他的文学开创性对韩国汉文学产生重要深远的影响，形成韩国民族诗话、“八景文学”“和陶辞”等独特的文学体系，成为韩国文学史上的瑰丽奇观，李仁老对韩国汉文学的开创性使其成为韩国文坛的巨擘。他在这四方面的成就使其对韩国汉文学的发展产生重要。     

Refik Halid Karay and his memoirs of exile

Refik Halid Karay was a prominent late Ottoman Turkish novelist and journalist, who felt at odds with the political environment of his time and did not hesitate to attack it with his humorous and satirical pen. In consequence, he was twice exiled from Istanbul, firstly for five years within Turkey, and secondly, when he was not allowed to enter Turkey for sixteen years as one of the so-called 150ers who were deprived of their citizenship. The life and times of this quick-witted writer of elegant Turkish prose are presented around the broad framework of his two memoirs of exile. The 150ers were later granted a pardon and Refik Halid Karay returned to Turkey in 1938.     

Yunnan,China: minority peoples observed

An account of the time which the author spent among the Iban more than 30 years ago. He describes the customs, festivals and way of life of a people who were still headhunters in recent memory. More particularly he explains how people who lived in longhouses the way their ancestors had lived were slowly brought to change their traditional beliefs, thus enabling development to take place.     

Rituelle Spiele mit Beziehungen

On the one hand, Erving Goffman’s work has been perceived as an explication of the interaction order indebted to Durkheim. On the other hand however, it is known as an ironist rejection of order. Goffman made use of this ambivalence without ever attempting to resolve it. Instead of looking at Goffman as a cartographer of the order of everyday life’s order, he can be seen as someone who plays with different perspectives about the everyday game with order. Thus, his Durkheimian part is not order, but ritual, which he transforms into ritual play; norms are then ritual games with relationships.     

A tribute to Leo Cawley, 1944–1991

Abstract

In the late sixties, after his tour of active duty as a marine in Vietnam from 1965 to 66, Leo Cawley returned to the United States and became an economics major at Columbia University. There he joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War and the Columbia University chapter of the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars (CCAS), whose national organization founded the Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars. In March and April of 1972 he traveled to the People's Republic of China with the second CCAS delegation. Leo reviewed Waldemar A. Nielson's The Big Foundations in volume 6, number 3 of BCAS in 1974, and from 1985 to 1987 he was book review editor for BCAS. Leo also contributed money to BCAS even in the last year of his life when his medical expenses were skyrocketing. Above all, however, Leo stood for everything BCAS has stood for over the years, and he was a close friend and inspiration to some of BCAS's staunchest supporters.     

CITY OF GHOSTS

This article links motorbike use with the work and living conditions of young migrant women in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to highlight an example of the social and economic consequences of migration-assisted economic development in Southeast Asia. It traces a woman's life from her teenage years in the market of a small seaside town in Vietnam to her purchase of a motorbike, migration to HCMC, move into a rooming house, and work in a major department store as a cosmetics saleswoman. The reflections on urban life by the woman and her roommates lead the author to consider the notion that the condition of the unregistered and temporary migrant is like that of the unrequited wandering ghosts (co hon), which are said to invisibly roam the city's streets. While the author details the political economy of marginalization that situates the migrant saleswoman, he also shows how she struggles within it to constitute herself over time rather than in the present and to free herself from abstraction-producing social categories, both old and new.     

The noble art of the chase in the Arab world

Sir Terence Clark is a Council Member of the Society. He retired from the Diplomatic Service after a distinguished career spent mainly in the Middle East, where he was Ambassador to Iraq and Oman, and is the author of many articles in specialist journals on hunting and co‐author of The Saluqi: Coursing Hound of the East (1995), Dogs in Antiquity (2001) and Oman in Time (2001). This article is based on a lecture delivered to the Society on 23 October, 2002.     

J.B. Jeyaretnam: Three decades as Lee Kuan Yew's bête noir

Abstract

J.B. Jeyaretnam was Singapore's most celebrated opposition leader when his career came to an abrupt end in 2001, but he is better known for the injustices he has suffered at the hands of the People's Action Party regime than for anything he has achieved or said. Bankrupted, imprisoned, deprived of his livelihood and expelled from Parliament twice, he has acquired the aura of martyrdom, yet little is known about his life, his ideas or his motivations. Drawing on interview and archival research, this article studies him with a view to better understanding both the man himself and — probably of greater significance — what his experience can tell us about the dynamics of the Singapore policy.

Why did he enter opposition politics and keep coming back for more in the face of persecution? Why did the government set out to destroy him with such vehemence? What does this tell us about the limits of political tolerance in Singapore, both today and in the past? What lessons can other opposition figures learn from his experience? And why has Jeyaretnam been treated so harshly while the government nurtures some other opposition MPs as responsible and courteous players?     

III. A CONSERVATIVE VIEW

Colonel Ponsonby devoted the first half of his lecture to acomparison between East Africa and Central Asia, which he visitedlast winter. Concentrating mainly on Uzbekistan, he paid detailedtribute to the transformation of the last 21 years, and thenasked the question, could we have been more progressive, havingregard to the nature and state of civilisation of the people?He thought not. There is a difference between the 3000 yearsof history of the national entities round Samarkand or Bokharaand the tribes of E. Africa; there is a difference between existingAfrican conditions, and the Soviet doctrine of work, as laiddown in Article 12 of the Constitution: "He who does not workneither shall he eat." It is really only on the highest levelthat there is any similarity between the two areas, one of whichlooks to Moscow, the other to London, for methods of government,technical advice, and finance for schemes of development.     

析明仁天皇意欲“生前退位”的原因

明仁天皇希望"生前退位"的意向,给日本社会带来极大的震动。明仁成长于战争年代,是战后和平宪法下即位的第一位天皇。明仁天皇即位以来,一直坚持维护和平宪法,履行象征职能,发挥了日本天皇和皇室的特殊作用。明仁天皇希望"生前退位"主要是由于高龄化导致的健康原因等。虽然"生前退位"在法律和程序上都非常复杂,面临很多困难,但是明仁天皇希望可以借此建立更为符合现代的象征天皇制,保持皇室的稳定。