Forensic medical expertise on burned bone remains

The series of 1138 cadaveric humerus and femurs of people of both sexes who died at the age of 17-91 years and 468 animal bones (cow, pig, sheep) was studied. Bones were burned (experimentally) at various temperature values and in different conditions. Investigations were carried out using osteometric, microscopic, microroentgenographic and mathematical methods. Species identification as well as sex and age determination using burned bone remains are possible regardless of the level of their burning. Regression equations to calculate victim's stature according to fragments of burned bones were received.     

Forensic medical examination of a medical malpractice case as a form of situational expertise

The authors propose to divide the process of forensic medical examination of a medical malpractice case into several stages and substantiate the possibility of their realization as a form of situational forensic medical expertise.     

Forensic handwriting examiners' expertise for signature comparison

This paper reports on the performance of forensic document examiners (FDEs) in a signature comparison task that was designed to address the issue of expertise. The opinions of FDEs regarding 150 genuine and simulated questioned signatures were compared with a control group of non-examiners' opinions. On the question of expertise, results showed that FDEs were statistically better than the control group at accurately determining the genuineness or non-genuineness of questioned signatures. The FDE group made errors (by calling a genuine signature simulated or by calling a simulated signature genuine) in 3.4% of their opinions while 19.3% of the control group's opinions were erroneous. The FDE group gave significantly more inconclusive opinions than the control group. Analysis of FDEs' responses showed that more correct opinions were expressed regarding simulated signatures and more inconclusive opinions were made on genuine signatures. Further, when the complexity of a signature was taken into account, FDEs made more correct opinions on high complexity signatures than on signatures of lower complexity. There was a wide range of skill amongst FDEs and no significant relationship was found between the number of years FDEs had been practicing and their correct, inconclusive and error rates.     

Forensic and medical expertise of sexual transmission of venereal diseases and HIV infection

Although, there is a steady growth in the total number of sexually transmitted infections (STI), the forensic medical method is a rare expertise type as applicable to venereal and HIV infections. Since sexually abused persons are an STI risk category, they must be diagnosed as soon as possible. A micro-trauma of sexual violence, if detected, is an important finding because it is an open entry gate for STI. The specialist in skin and venereal diseases must examine all victims and all suspected of raping or of sexual violence to rule out the possibility of venereal disease infection.     

非法行医的法医学鉴定1例

我国刑法三百三十六条规定的非法行医罪是指未取得医生执业资格的达到刑事责任年龄，具备刑事责任能力的自然人明知自己的行为可能造成危害社会的后果而放任该后果的发生心态而行医且情节严重的行为。边疆侵犯了国家对医疗卫生行业的管理秩序和广大人民生命健康权。现将笔者近期所遇的非法案例报导于后（犯罪嫌疑人已逮捕），借此探索和解决当前的医疗卫生秩序。     

非法行医的法医学鉴定1例

我国刑法三百三十六条规定的非法行医罪是指未取得医生执业资格的达到刑事责任年龄 ,具备刑事责任能力的自然人明知自己的行为可能造成危害社会的后果而放任该后果的发生心态而行医且情节严重的行为。边疆侵犯了国家对医疗卫生行业的管理秩序和广大人民生命健康权。现将笔者近期所遇的非法案例报导于后 (犯罪嫌疑人已逮捕 ) ,借此探索和解决当前的医疗卫生秩序。案　例 :2 0 0 1年 10月 3日晚 ,圈龙乡灯塔村 3级村民杨某某 (女 ,2 2岁 )第一胎足月孕临产 ,村“接生员”左某某 (未经培训也无合格证 )用“丰谷酒”搓手后并未消毒产妇会阴部就…     

Forensic psychophysiological expertise with application of polygraph

The notions of psychophysiological investigation (PPI) and psychophysiological examination with application of polygraph are characterized. The history of the method for more than 100 years, the aims of the examination are described. Effective use of the polygraph in criminal investigations is illustrated. The absence of methodological regulations and difficulties in training specialists hinder wide introduction of polygraphs into practice. How to get over these difficulties is shown.     

Forensic medical expertise of injuries in the anorectal region and rectum related to the sexual assault

Injuries to the anorectal region and rectum associated with sexual crimes require forensic medical assessment even though this issue remains to be poorly developed. The results of 84 forensic medical expertises are presented based on the materials obtained by examining both women and men who applied with complains of sexual abuse (anogenital penetration) to the Primorskoye territorial Bureau of forensic medical expertise during 5 years, from 2005 to 2009. The study has demonstrated correlation between dynamics of applications of the victims of either sex and the lack of a tendency toward a decrease in their frequency. The signs characteristic of acute injuries and chronic conditions are described. The causes of diagnostic errors during forensic medical expertise of sexual abuse are discussed.     

Forensic medical expertise of delayed consequences of traffic accidents included in article 6.11 of the Medical Criteria

The medical documentation pertaining to 767 victims of traffic accidents was revised. These subjects were classified in the acute post-traumatic period as experiencing serious harm to health in terms of the qualifying sign "substantial persistent loss of at least of one third of general working ability" (SPLGWA) based on the results of primary examination. It was shown that in the course of therapeutic and rehabilitative treatment of the subjects with bone fractures listed in articles 6.11.1, 6.11.2, 6.11.4 to 6.11.10 of the Medical Criteria most of the patients have their compromised functions repaired up to complete recovery of the working ability. According to the repeated evaluation the substantial (35%) loss of the working ability persisted only in 25.8% of the victims. 56.7% of the victims were estimated to have lost 10-30% of their working ability; SPLGWA was absent in 17.5% of the examined subjects.     

Forensic medical expertise of injuries in the anorectal region and rectum unrelated to attempts at sexual abuse

The results of analysis of 46 commission forensic medical expertises are presented based on the materials concerning injuries and changes in the anorectal region and rectum unrelated to attempts at sexual abuse. The materials were collected and stored by the Primorskoye territorial Bureau of forensic medical expertise during 5 years, from 2005 to 2009. All injuries and changes were categorized into several groups in terms of their origin, viz. car accidents, inadequate medical care, insertion of foreign bodies, falls on sharp and protruding objects, gunshot wounds, chemical and thermal burns, sports training, etc. The occurrence of the injuries is illustrated by the examples from forensic medical practice. It is concluded that experts describing injuries and changes in the anorectal region and rectum must act in conformity with the order of the Russian Ministry of Health No 346 dated October 21, 2010) and use instrumental methods and terminology accepted in modern proctology. The severity of harm to health in subjects presenting with injuries and changes in the anorectal region and rectum should be evaluated in terms of both the degree of the threat to life and the outcome of the treatment with special reference to the duration of health impairment, severity of the trauma, and its consequences (anorectal dysfunction).