西欧社会党的组织改革及政党现代化进程

西欧社会党曾在二战后多次执政 ,兴盛一时。然而 ,近年来随着单一目标的社会运动和社团的出现 ,非政治化或政治冷淡主义的滋生、蔓延以及媒体政治的发展 ,使西欧社会党面临着巨大的政治危机。而且 ,竞选的失败更加深了西欧社会党的危机意识 ,迫使这些政党不断适应社会变化 ,进行组织改革     

Municipal Socialism Then and Now: some lessons for the Global South

Given the large and growing literature opposed to the privatisation of services such as water and electricity, it is peculiar that so little has been written about the experience of ‘municipal socialism’—a set of roughly analogous historical movements that used local governments to challenge private service delivery and advance ‘socialist’ agendas from the late 1800s to the 1940s. Although primarily a European and American phenomenon, and emerging from different contexts than those prevailing today, municipal socialism found widespread support and transformed many public services. Results were mixed, with some experiments being little more than (pre)Keynesian attempts to revitalise capital accumulation in the face of ‘irrational’ private sector services, but the lessons are important as these experiments provided the first intellectually and politically sustained resistance to privatisation and other prototypical forms of what we now call neoliberalism, and demonstrated the possibility of effective service delivery by the public sector. This paper reviews these experiments, focusing on the experience of the United Kingdom and drawing lessons for contemporary efforts to build alternatives to privatisation in cities in the South, where local-level, socialist-oriented reforms have been relatively strong.     

对东欧、中欧和东南欧国家社会转型的考察和思索

中东欧、东南欧地处三大文明的交汇处,社会发展受制于各种文明以及承载这些文明的东西方大国.这里的国家近二十年的社会转轨从本质上说就是从东方文明向西方文明位移的过程.但是,由于受不同文明和不同大国的影响程度不同,还由于国家大小、民族宗教构成和经济发展程度不同,中东欧、东南欧国家的社会转型也更加丰富多彩.近距离地接触这些国家,可以清楚看到它们社会转轨程度的不同梯度,还可以感受到这种转型背后的影响因素.     

More Europe,Less Nationalism

Because they have failed to address the fundamental economic imbalances within Europe obscured by the single currency, each effort by European leaders so far to resolve the euro crisis has only deepened it. Without a decisive move toward fiscal and political union, accompanied by policies that push productivity and competitiveness toward convergence while closing the democratic deficit, the Eurozone will disintegrate. To discuss the way forward, the Nicolas Berggruen Institute's Council on the Future of Europe met in Rome on May 28 with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. In this section we publish the contributions from that meeting by the former European leaders, scholars and Nobel laureates who are members of the Council.     

Poland,Germany and the EU: Reimagining Central Europe

Abstract

In this article, we look at the fissures in United Europe from both sides of the region where a post-Cold War ‘Middle/Central Europe’ should have been forged. How do leading German and Polish newspapers treat the categories of ‘Central’ or ‘Middle’ Europe relative to the concept of the Eastern–Western European divide and what are the discourses associated with these perspectives? At the time of a looming redefinition of the entire European project, what can media reports from Germany and Poland tell us about its future? We conclude that the media narratives in these two countries portend further tensions for European unity, since the new divisions now overlap the old ones. Our findings have implications for the future of democracy in the newly democratic countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland.     

“新、老欧洲”与美欧关系

“新、老欧洲”的概念，是美国前国防部长拉姆斯菲尔德在伊拉克战争期间提出的，他把法、德等反对美对伊动武的欧洲国家称为“老欧洲”，把积极支持美国对伊政策的中东欧国家称为“新欧洲”，并称“北约欧洲的重心已经转移到了新欧洲”。在伊拉克战争问题上严重的政策分歧不仅使欧盟在共同外交政策上陷入了“空前的危机”，也使美国和欧洲大陆主要大国的关系滑入了二战以来最深的谷底。2004年5月欧盟正式接纳10个中东欧新成员国后，“新欧洲”成为了美国在欧洲保持影响的首要依托。     

Culture, Memory, Context: Reenactments of Traumatic Histories in Europe and Eurasia

In this article, I discuss what I term “Jewface” minstrelsy performance and “Jewfaçade” display in three contemporary contexts with highly divergent historical backgrounds: East-Central Europe, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Jewish Autonomous Republic, a fictitious-sounding but real colony established by Stalin in far eastern Russia near China and still extant today. Jewface encompasses music, dance, theater, and extra-theatrical modes of performance, in which non-Jews dress up and act like “Jews,” as historically imagined; Jewfaçade encompasses museum-type installations, as well as architectural and decorative constructions, depicting imagined “Jewish” life. These “Diaspora Disneys” vary from the education- and tolerance-oriented to the crassly exploitative and commercial to the bizarrely confused. None have much to do with actual Jews, but all convey a tremendous amount regarding dominant “host” cultures’ anxieties over not only their roles in past persecution and genocide but also their own present cultures, politics, and positions in the wider world today. Further, they present a wide array of models of memoriological projection and desire, in what I explicate as spectra of “plethoric” to “voidic” memoriological scenarios and “negotiatory” to “constitutory” memoriological strategies.     

Organizing For Europe: Whitehall, The British State And European Union

The article examines the adaptation of Whitehall to participation in the European Union. Following an Historical Institutionalist analysis, the article argues that the most critical juncture relating to the machinery for the handling of European business was taken in 1960–1961 well before the third, successful application to join the European Communities. Actual accession brought about an adaptation of the machinery and of the processes developed in negotiation to the wider needs of membership rather than a reform of machinery. Thus the most important alteration in Britain's overseas relations since the war was easily accommodated within Whitehall's established approach to handling policy. Developments from the 1970s onwards have largely been accretive and these developments are outlined. However, the article argues that more fundamental challenges deriving from EU membership lie ahead for the structure of the British state.     

独具特色的北欧——访问瑞典、芬兰、挪威印象点滴

2010年3月4—13日,中共中央政策研究室常务副主任何毅亭应有关国家政党邀请率中共代表团访问了瑞典、芬兰、挪威及马耳他四国,我有幸参团陪同访问。访问期间,代表团广泛接触四国政要,积极宣介我党执政理念,交流党的建设经验,同时就应对国际金融危机、气候变化、环境保护等共同关心的问题交换看法,增进了相互了解和友谊。     

Max Weber: Family History, Economic Policy, Exchange Reform

Max Weber descended from Anglo-German merchant families with world-wide connections. This helped make him a cosmopolitan nationalist. Fittingly Weber at first tried to pursue a career in international commercial law. Family connections informed his understanding of South American wheat exports and North American railroad capitalism and of the tariff issues resulting therefrom. This in turn influenced his critique of the Prussian agrarian capitalists, especially of their opposition to trading in grain futures. Weber championed a strong capital market and efficient exchanges. His economic policies remain of exemplary interest insofar as they link the presumptive, if contested, national interest with an unsentimental acceptance of the world economy.     

Europe,Land of Anguish and Nostalgia

Three years into the protracted Eurocrisis “all choices are ugly,” as former British prime minister Tony Blair comments. Indeed, the high cost of bad options is prompting some to question whether Europe is worth saving the euro. Along with Tony Blair, the former Italian prime minister Romano Prodi as well as two of the best financial minds around—Nouriel Roubini and Mohamed el‐Erian—warn of the dire consequences of a euro breakup. One of France's most prominent philosophers, André Glucksmann, wonders whether the idea of a united Europe—a reaction to the horrors of World War II—can hold everyone together in the future when peace is the norm.