宽严相济刑事政策在西部地区的适用

宽严相济刑事政策是中国刑事法治发展到一定阶段的必然产物,其内容贯穿于刑事立法和刑事执法全过程。西部地区适用宽严相济刑事政策,会碰到政治、经济、文化、法律以及民族与宗教等特殊社会因素与地理、气候等特殊自然因素的影响,形成执法主体多民族性、法律依据多源性、执法理念多包容性、执法方式多选择性、执法的社会效果多要求性以及刑事法治建设复杂和敏感性等个性特点。西部地区适用宽严相济刑事政策,是构建和谐刑事法治的重要一环,应当处理好自主与统一、传统与现代等关系。     

浅谈教育政策在民族地区的适应性——以云南省某民族自治州为例

本文通过对云南省臬民族自治州的教育政策实施情况的调查研究,指出了目前该民族自治州在实施全国性教育政策中存在的问题,并提出了相关建议.     

Swedish Drug Policy: A Successful Model?

The shift in Swedish drug policy since around 1980 towards a more strict model has according to the official point of view been successful by comparison with the earlier, more lenient drug policy. However, available systematic indicators show that the prevalence of drug use has increased since around 1980, that the decrease in drug incidence was particularly marked during the 1970s and that some indicators point towards an increase during the 1990s. The shift towards a more strict policy.     

浅谈我国对吸毒行为刑事政策的应有调整

我国对吸毒人员一贯采取治病救人、教育改造的刑事政策,惩罚色彩很弱。至今为止,我国法律对吸毒行为的最严厉措施仅限于劳动教养。然而,走私、贩卖毒品等犯罪的愈演愈烈与对吸毒行为的控制不力是有密切关系的。鉴于吸毒行为本身的社会危害性以及现有保安措施的缺陷,《刑法》应对某些严重的吸毒行为增设吸毒罪予以刑罚规制。与此同时,其他法律法规中对吸毒人员所制定的保安处分措施也应加以完善。只有打防并举、多管齐下,才能遏制日益严重的毒品违法犯罪。     

The Narrow Margins of the Dutch Drug Policy: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

In order to introduce more structure to the debate it seems worthwhile to make a rough cost-benefit analysis of the probable effects of the Dutch drug policy in various areas. A multi-disciplinary analysis of this nature makes it possible to bring together the arguments put forward by the protagonists from various perspectives and to some extent balance them against each other. In a traditional cost-benefit analysis the anticipated effects are assessed in financial terms. This is only possible to a very limited extent when it comes to drug policy. The article is limited to cataloguing as fully as possible the most significant pros and cons of the Dutch drug policy found in the literature on the subject. As a conclusion attention is paid to whether changes such as decriminalisation or re-criminalisation of drug use will yield a better cost-benefit analysis against the background of this overview.     

Latest Trends in French Policy on Drugs

Present French policy with respect to drugs was defined in a government programme ratified at a meeting of the Inter-Ministerial Committee for the Control of Drugs and Drug Abuse, held on September 14, 1995 and headed by the Prime Minister. The present government plan rests on three main lines of action, which will be examined here in their historical context. They are: reinforced control of drug trafficking, expansion of the existing health care and of prevention-related action, plus specific measures aimed at abusers under court supervision. This article draws the picture of past and current drug policy and legislation in France.     

强化我国知识产权导向政策问题研究

知识产权制度是政府公共政策体系重要组成部分之一,其功能在于维护知识权利秩序并保证实现知识进步效益目标.从政府政策视角,探讨我国实施知识产权战略过程中的“知识产权导向”问题,并将我国部分省市对《国家知识产权战略》中“强化知识产权导向”的政策理解和细化措施进行比较分析,提出:在建设创新型国家总政策的指导下,应全面调整和完善地方各级知识产权政策,构建科学合理、强调知识产权导向作用的知识产权公共政策体系.     

Drug Policies and Drug Prevalence: The Role of Demand and Supply

Changes in drug policy within countries and variations in drug policy across countries do not show clear cut relationships with drug prevalence levels. Neither liberal nor repressive policies promote or reduce drug use. Though policy might affect supply, factors associated with demand seem to exert a greater impact. Socio-economic conditions and attitudes of the populations towards drugs and related areas might be more important than policy in determining the prevalence level of cannabis and the turnover rate to hard drug use.     

On the Resilience of Illegal Drug Markets

This paper argues that the concept of resilience is a fruitful way of understanding the impact of repressive policies on illegal drug markets. For the purpose of this article, resilience is defined as the ability of market participants to preserve the existing levels of exchanges between buyers and sellers, despite external pressure aimed at disrupting the trade. The first part of the paper highlights how some of the core features of illegal drug markets, a decentralized structure and high prices, contribute to increasing their resilience to attacks. The second part develops a framework that can be used to compare markets on the basis of their resilient properties. Some of the empirical and policy implications of the framework are discussed in the conclusion.     

国际禁毒公约对我国禁毒刑事政策的启示

二十一世纪,毒品已成为一个国际性问题,对于全球政治、经济、文化构成了严重的威胁,我国毒品滥用及毒品犯罪的形势也日趋严峻。因此,有必要借鉴国际禁毒公约的理念和方法,结合我国具体国情,进一步完善我国禁毒刑事政策,以便更有效地遏制毒品滥用和毒品犯罪。     

公共政策：谁之政策？何种政策？

公共政策是公众的政策,它既是多数人的政策,也是少数人的政策,但并非少数个人或特殊阶层谋取私利的工具。公共政策应该是公正的政策,公平的政策,公开的政策。公正性、公平性、公开性是公共政策的基准性价值,是体现政策公共特性的基本维度。公共政策通过提取、分配、管制、象征等基本功能,实现自由、安全、秩序和繁荣,最终维系公共利益。本文从三个方面的设问揭示:公共政策的本质就是个人偏好与集体选择的制度安排。