The Bahamas: New legislation to accommodate private trust companies ('PTCs')

The existence of private trust companies in the jurisdictionhas, in recent years, become an important factor in attractingclients to that jurisdiction. Although private trust companiesare not a new idea, they have been frequently restricted tothose with a high minimum capital which has not made them worthwhilefor some trusts. The attraction of a PTC is that the settlor can establish hisown trustee as a separate legal person and thereby, probablyin conjunction with beneficiaries, enjoy more involvement inthe trust's administration. The representation of the settlorsand beneficiaries on the board of the directors of the PTC shouldavoid many of the conflicts which might arise between settlorsand beneficiaries and the trustees.     

Amendment to the current good manufacturing practice regulations for finished pharmaceuticals. Direct final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending certain regulations as the first phase of an incremental approach to modifying the current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) regulations for finished pharmaceuticals. We are amending the regulations to modernize or clarify some of the CGMP requirements, as well as harmonize some of the CGMP requirements with those of other foreign regulators and other FDA regulations. These amendments are also consistent with current industry practice. We are taking this action as part of our continuing effort to revise outdated regulations without diminishing public health protection. We are issuing a direct final rule for this action because FDA expects there will be no significant adverse comments on these amendments. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, we are publishing a companion proposed rule, under our usual notice-and-comment rulemaking procedures, to provide a procedural framework to finalize the rule in the event the agency receives any significant adverse comments and withdraws this direct final rule. The companion proposed rule and direct final rule are substantively identical.     

民法典应设债编

从民法的理论和外国的民法典的传统看 ,我国的民法典应当设立债编。德国等国家的民法典的立法模式应当借鉴。民法债编的一些制度除了在民法典中规定外 ,还需要一些单行法律、法规与之配套     

The new EMTALA regulations and the on-call physician shortage: in defense of the regulations

This Article examines the new Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) regulations, focusing on the on-call provisions, in light of the practical realities of the on-call physician shortage. It provides an historical account of issues surrounding the delivery of emergency care by on-call physicians and the legal background of EMTALA insofar as it relates to on-call physicians. Ultimately, the author concludes that, although the current shortage of on-call physicians has caused hospitals to anticipate EMTALA liability and advocate for more specific regulations, a closer look reveals that hospitals' fears are overstated. As long as hospitals have proper procedures in place, the new regulations will not put them in violation of EMTALA.     

论我国刑事诉讼领域亟待培育的信任机制

我国古代过于发达的"人情世界"扼杀了人们对刑事诉讼的信任. "人情交涉"的历史延续决定了我国当下刑事诉讼领域信任机制的依然缺失.刑事诉讼法的亟待完善决定了我国刑事诉讼领域信任机制培育的势在必行.我国在刑事诉讼领域培育信任机制,应该在继续完善刑事诉讼法的同时,将高等教育的大众化与法学教育的职业化有机结合起来,实现社会主体对刑事诉讼的真正信任,实现社会主体对刑事诉讼法的虔诚信仰.     

The Cayman Islands: Paradoxes of Insularity in the Caribbean and Other British Overseas Territories

Liverpool Law Review - The Cayman Islands has a population of 63,415 (Cayman Islands Government) and an area of 264 square kilometres, making it the world’s twentieth smallest nation...     

对我国《着作权法》第三次修改的若干意见

自2011年7月国家版权局正式启动《着作权法》第三次修改专家建议稿工作以来，《着作权法》第三次修改很快引起中国学界、实务界与产业界相关人士的高度关注，2012年3月底，国家版权局公布了《〈着作权法〉（修改草案）》（以下简称「修改草案」），修改的内容更是引起了各界对着作权法的大讨论，尤其是音乐界中，国际上也引起一定的关注...     

论刑法修正案对刑法第168条的修正

修正后的刑法第 16 8条 ,扩大了犯罪主体的范围 ,改变了犯罪行为和犯罪结果 ,并且加重了法定刑。这对于保护国有资产 ,完善刑事立法 ,都有重大意义。但修正后的刑法第16 8条仍然存在着主体过于扩大、犯罪行为规定得不严谨、罪状规定得不全面、语言稍显累赘等缺陷。     

论我国《仲裁法》中强行规则的修订对策

现行《仲裁法》中关于国内仲裁协议效力、仲裁员和仲裁程序、仲裁裁决撤销或执行等方面的很多强行规则由于历史局限性而很不合理,需要尽快修订。对仲裁协议效力方面强行规则的修订目标主要是明确我国公法组织的主体可仲裁性、客体可仲裁性范围、仲裁协议的形式和内容。对于仲裁员和仲裁程序方面强行规则的修改应当着重于解决仲裁员的披露义务、违法的民事责任及遵循正当程序问题。关于仲裁裁决撤销或执行方面强行规则的修订重点应是为防止司法冲突而使撤销与不予执行的理由相一致,以及缩短公共政策事由以外的撤销裁决时限等。     

我国民诉法修改的若干问题——兼评《民事诉讼法专家修改建议稿（第三稿）》

事后不可罚行为是指,在状态犯的情况下,主实行行为完成以后,在原法益的范围内又实施的一个对主行为所造成的不法状态加以保持或者利用,未侵害新法益的行为.事后不可罚行为在国内刑法理论中较少讨论,在国外以及我国的台湾地区,争议比较大.不论是法律竞合说还是构成要件解决说,都不能对事后不可罚行为进行合理恰当的解释.本文通过对我国刑法理论的吸收犯进行改造,将事后不可罚行为纳入吸收犯的范畴.并在此基础之上对该行为的基本特征和形态进行了梳理.     

简论修改《民事诉讼法》的宏观思路

国家政治、经济形势的客观要求和法学理论研究水准以及实务界积累的经验展示,现行《民事诉讼法》的修改与完善已经是水到渠成了。本文认为探讨各项诉讼制度的改革和程序的微观设计是无比重要的,但更为要紧的是确立修改的宏观思路。     

Community midwifery and state measures: the new midwifery in British Columbia

The New Midwifery, a form of community midwifery rooted in home birth and intensive prenatal and postnatal care, has attracted great controversy since its appearance in British Columbia in the early 1970s. On the one hand, this form of community midwifery has endured despite legal prohibition. Midwives derive an income from their practices, obtain necessary supplies and equipment, and are active in lobbying for recognition through the State. On the other hand, community midwifery is marginalized and illegal. Out-of-hospital births comprise less than one percent of births in British Columbia (and nationwide). Community midwives are excluded from the provincal Medical Services Plan and they lack hospital privileges if their clients are transferred to hospital. Community midwives are more likely than medical personnel to be tried for criminal negligence causing death and subject to prosecution under theMedical Practitioners Act of practicing medicine without a license.Community midwifery illustrates the structural limits placed on female birth attendants working outside the norm of professionally accredited, hospital situated childbirth. It is concluded that State measures in Canada structure power relations in a dialectical fashion. This includes measures to consolidate the monopoly status of the medical profession and the nursing profession, while temporizing about demands for independent midwifery practice. State powers are however relatively autonomous of dominant economic groups such as the Medical profession. Not all prosecutions of community midwives are successful, and contradictions in State policies surrounding monopolistic powers and civil liberties, and gender relations are evident.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association Meetings, University of Manitoba, June 1986. The author is grateful for resources provided through the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Department of Anthropology and Sociology (University of British Columbia), and the School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University. Comments from Carol Bullock, Nanette Davis, Bob Ratner, Livy Visano and the Journal referees have been helpful in revising this paper.     

《个税法》修改中的几个理论问题

在2005年7月到10月间,我国进行《个人所得税法》修订,期间展开了全国大讨论。对扣除额究竟是多少,有的进行科学推断,有的打赌分胜负,最后于10月27日全国人大常委会第18次会议通过了“关于修订个人所得税法的决定”。其中有两点特别引人注目,一是免征额由800元调到1600元;二是对高收入者的个税征收实行双重申报,加大了征收力度。这两个亮点,引发出了个税法的价值取向和不少其他的理论问题。