共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
In 2005 Indonesian and European institutes joined to start the first step for the implementation of an Ocean Operational System
in the Indonesian archipelago. The system will support the decision making process for the sustainable use of marine resources,
providing useful information and added value products as well as a service for an improved management of the sea with high
business impact to targeted groups as public authorities and commercial operators (coastal managers, fishermen, shipping companies).
In this paper the System is shortly described with its potential benefits and economic and social impacts.
相似文献
2.
Both parties to an eventual EU India FTA have agreed that it should not merely address tariff barriers but should also go
further into what is known as deep integration, originally developed in the 1990s by R.Z. Lawrence. This relates to the removal
of all obstacles to cross border business whether actual trade barriers or domestic regulations. We distinguish deep institutional
integration from the deep integration of markets. We ask the question how one may support the other. There are potential market
failures that can be addressed by trans-national rules on standards and technical regulations and services, but we conclude
that the biggest impact of a deep RTA would be on the domestic economy of India if it provides an opportunity for reform.
It should be noted that the paper draws on a study undertaken by the authors for DG Trade, but it represents only the views
of the authors.
相似文献
3.
The paper analyses the basic parameters of the power of China, according to Geopolitical Theory. Even though the authors adopt
a critical approach on some aspects of the geopolitical theory, the geopolitical analysis elucidates the interests of China
and the United States and focuses on the way of which the American decision-making system perceives China. The article interprets
the geopolitical role of China, starting from the origins of geopolitical theory to the contemporary international relations
theory. In addition, it focuses on the current geo-strategic context of the Far East. It analyses Chinas' strategic thinking,
China's nuclear doctrine and its military power as compared to the neighbouring countries and as a major player in the world
economy.
相似文献
4.
With the progress of European integration, the European environmental policy and law, from zero to bloom, approximately experienced
a three- stage development, namely a forming period, an establishing period and a developing period. Environmental policy
is no longer a byproduct of the construction of the common market, but has become a significant instrument for realizing the
European sustainable development. On the occasion of the amendment of the European treaties, the legal foundation of environmental
policy became clear, decision-making mechanism evolved, and implementation measures varied. However, European environmental
actions are still constrained by the division of competences between the Union and member states. Moreover, with the trend
of deregulation it remains also a tough task for EU on how to effectively realize the objective of sustainable development
相似文献
5.
With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union the large economic space of the Eurasian super-continent has also become part of the world-wide globalization process. How this process of integration of Eurasia is proceeding in key areas of cross-continental linkages is of great importance for the future of the region and for the future of the World as a whole. One of the key questions will be whether the regional and global institutions can provide adequate support for this integration process.This paper was presented as a keynote speech at The Fourteenth OSCE Economic Forum in Vienna on 23 January 2006. It draws on a longer paper by (Linn and Tiomkin in press).The authors are, respectively, Executive Director of the Wolfensohn Initiative at The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA, and MBA and MPA/ID candidate at Harvard University. Johannes Linn served as Vice President for Europe and Central Asia at the World Bank from 1996 to 2003. 相似文献
6.
This paper explains the systemic pressures on states in Europe and Southeast Asia to broaden their alliances after the end
of the Cold War, and how expansion impacts on regional integration. Inter-state cooperation is still very much the basis of
regional integration. In Europe, states will scuttle attempts at deepening integration if this threatens their security, as
the recent political impasse in the European Union reveals. In Southeast Asia, by contrast, the threat to the security of
states arises from their failure to deepen economic integration in order to survive an anarchic world financial system. This
failure is due to entrenched internal constraints that prevents closer inter-state cooperation and the pooling of sovereignty.
Thus, while attempts to move into the area of political union will be resisted by states eager to maintain their sovereignty,
the inability to advance into the area of monetary union can only lead to demise of states.
相似文献
7.
During 2005, the European Union and China marked 30 years of diplomatic relations with much fanfare. Celebrations surrounding
the anniversary however belied the fact that throughout most of this period the European Union and China remained largely
aloof from one another. The strengthening of EU foreign policy over time, as well as the economic reforms and new outward
orientation exhibited by China have changed the dynamics of the relationship. Both sides are increasingly recognizing the
potential mutual benefits that can be accrued from a closer relationship. This paper assesses EU-China relations from both
economic and political perspectives. In terms of economics, it is clear that the EU must build stronger relations with China
if it is to accrue the benefits of access to an expanding market with over one billion people. To do so successfully however,
the EU will have to reconcile the economic and political components of its foreign policy. The EU continues to challenge the
Chinese government to reform its practices on a number of issues including human rights, democratic reform, and Tibet, all
of which remain bones of contention. How the EU achieves the balance between political constraints and economic opportunities
is the primary focus of this paper.
相似文献
8.
World history has known areas of relative isolation and areas of high intensity of cultural interaction. The Mediterranean
Sea, the Silk Road or the Straits of Malacca can be cited as such crucial contact zones. Within these areas, centres sprung
up that served as interfaces between cultures and societies. These “hubs” as we would like to call them, emerged at various
points throughout the contact zones, rose to prominence and submerged into oblivion due to a variety of natural calamities
or political fortunes. This paper assesses the rise and fall of trade and knowledge hubs along the Straits of Malacca from
before colonialisation until today. Historical hubs of maritime trade and religiosity today increasingly establish themselves
as educational and knowledge hubs. This leads us to speak of the Straits of Malacca as a chain of—not pearls—but knowledge
hubs with Singapore as the knowledge hub in the region shining the brightest of all, as the data suggest. We aim to conceptually
grasp this development by suggesting a model or at least a hypothesis about the rise and movement of knowledge hubs in general.
相似文献
9.
The shake-up of the European security architecture produced by the end of the Cold War has not led to a clear-cut division of labour between the different actors involved. While one organization, the Western European Union (WEU), has all but disappeared, the expansion of the EU and NATO in terms of both competencies and membership and the institutionalization of the OSCE have resulted in an intricate web of functionally and geographically overlapping institutions.Senior research fellow in the Royal Institute for International Relations (IRRI-KIIB) in Brussels and professor of European security at Ghent University in Belgium. 相似文献
10.
Regional integration in East Asia has been described as ‘market-led’ integration driven by the activities of multinational
corporations creating vertical specialisation. This paper investigates the effect of free trade agreements (FTAs) on vertical
specialisation-based trade by employing a gravity estimation for a sample of nine East Asian countries plus the US. We find
that FTAs promote international trade based on vertical specialisation and enhances deep integration between countries. The
FTA effect on vertical specialisation-based trade increases with pre-agreement vertical linkage level, that is, the deeper
the real integration between countries the larger the FTA impact. The results of this paper also suggest that deeper economic
integrations, such as currency unions, will enhance trade based on vertical production by reducing the risk of exchange rate
volatility.
相似文献
11.
Agriculture has been the most contentious issue in the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, and the European Union
(EU) intervenes substantially in agricultural markets. This paper reviews these interventions in light of the EU’s participation
in the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations with specific attention to Asia. It concludes that the offers made by
the EU were designed precisely to avoid any real liberalization in its agricultural markets and have undermined the development
aspirations of the round.
相似文献
12.
This paper describes the European Union (EU) presence in Indonesia. It firstly discusses the reorientation of EU relations
with Indonesia. It might be argued that the reorientation has been supported dominantly by economic and political motivations
as consequences of the EU’s internal dynamics (such as single market; CFSP), the global dynamics and the rise of inter-regionalism.
Secondly, current economic relationships show that the EU presence has been very significant for Indonesian economy, in term
of international trade, investments, foreign exchange rate, debt, development assistance and business activities.
相似文献
13.
The central framework of Asian integration is ASEAN+3 and, since its first Summit meeting in 1997, it has advanced regional
integration in East Asia. Based on the direct experience of the author, this article presents a critical assessment of the
progress made over the past ten years and argues that the ‘Singapore Declaration’ of 2007 is not ambitious enough for the
future. An East Asian customs union (EACU) and common regional market should be the next targets for trade integration. In
terms of monetary integration, Asia should aim for de-dollarisation and to achieve this it is crucially important to create
a regional Asian monetary system (AMS).
相似文献
14.
This article examines the Syeikh Muhammad Abduh's ideas on society, diagnoses of its problems and viable solutions. Central
to this article's argument is the appropriation of Abduh into the list of thinkers found within the discipline of sociology
that has been dominated by Europeans in his era. By highlighting several themes related to the challenges and anxieties faced
by Muslim societies in facing up to Western modernity, which Abduh was much concerned with in his discourses, it is hoped
that future scholars would re-examine his sociological thoughts in light of its significance towards fostering East–West intellectual
symbiosis.
相似文献
15.
The current revenue system of the EU is still structured like that of an organization based on intergovernmental cooperation,
although the EU is already far advanced in legislative and political integration. This antagonism gives reason to discuss
whether or not the EU should be granted an autonomous tax source. Our contribution to this debate explores the factors which
shape the acceptance of the EU tax option among European policy makers. A self-conducted survey among Members of the European
Parliament (MEPs), which resulted in a response of some 150 of the representatives, offers us a unique database. Concerning
MEPs’ revenue system preferences, our findings confirm an important impact of party ideology and individual characteristics
while they indicate that country-specific factors also contribute to understand the attitudes towards an EU tax. In the light
of our findings the status quo bias in the revenue system of the EU can be attributed to the persistent importance of national
interests with respect to tax policy.
相似文献
16.
The aim of this article is to answer the question what kind of global security architecture emerged after September 11 and
what functions Europe, East Asia and the United States assumed in this triadic structure. The empirical findings reveal that
the transpacific security cooperation is the strengthening link in this global security structure, the transatlantic security
cooperation the weakening one and the Asia–Europe Security Cooperation is to be seen as the emerging link. In order to explain
these different institutional manifestations of transregional cooperation, different theories of International Relations are
applied to the three cases. It comes as no surprise that neoinstitutionalism and constructivism offer the best insights into
the formation and development of international institutions.
相似文献
17.
The Constitutional Treaty, like each set of reforms since the Single European Act, would constitute another incremental increase
in the European Parliament’s powers. But the Parliament did not get everything it wanted. What we do in this paper is investigate
why the European Parliament tends to ‘win’ in some areas but not in others. We consider five possible explanations and test
these theories by looking at the issues the Parliament promoted in the constitutional negotiations and the factors that determined
whether the Parliament was successful or not in a particular area. We find that the Parliament gains power in areas where
the governments delegate new powers to the EU and are uncertain about the consequences of this delegation. We also find that
public support for the Parliament played a role in the extension of the Parliament’s powers in the Constitution.
相似文献
18.
After the constitution of the European Monetary Union (EMU), a new scope for monetary coordiantion is emerging in other regional areas. The standard approach to theoretically analyse the feasibility of a monetary union is the optimum currency areas (OCA) approach. Although this approach has been claimed to be non-operative, recent studies using synchronisation measures have shown a high potential applicability. This paper provides an empirical application of the OCA theory to a hypothetical East Asian monetary union centred on Japan’s currency. We find that despite the increasing synchronisation of macroeconomic determinants of a monetary area during 1980–2001, the perspective of an Asian currency union is still not economically feasible. 相似文献
19.
This article treats the relationship between the Westerners and Chinese medicine. Firstly, the purpose is to comprehend how
young Westerners have come to practice Chinese medicine in their lives and, secondly, to learn the eventual consequences of
that practice on their lives and attitudes towards this medicine.
相似文献
20.
Recent challenges to traditional international relations theory have questioned the nature of international organizations
(IOs) as agents of powerful state-members and have examined various conduits through which non-state actors can voice their
concerns. Yet little work has focused on participation in IOs when a powerful state’s official position contradicts the goals
of actors within it. This article examines the archival record of American involvement in the League of Nations’ economic
section to explore such a circumstance. I correct the prevailing historical view of American isolationism in the interwar
period and argue that participation by advanced, industrial democracies can better be understood as combinations of exit,
voice, and loyalty on the part of individual components of state and civil societies.
相似文献
|