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1.
Influences and Mediators of the Effect of Poverty on Young Adolescent Depressive Symptoms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Data from a sample of young adolescents between the ages of 10 and 12 years (N = 898) from the mother–child data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were analyzed in a study of influences that explain the relation between poverty and depressive symptoms measured 2 years later. Other variables that predicted youth depressive symptoms were also identified. Results indicated that neighborhood problems, nonparticipation in outside school and neighborhood activities, residing with mothers who exhibited depressive symptoms, and mother's use of physical punishment were partial mediators of the effect of poverty on depressive symptoms 2 years later. Youth health status, lower levels of school satisfaction, marital-partner conflict, and father's emotional support also predicted depressive symptoms. The findings indicate that youth depressive symptoms are multiply determined and that poverty can adversely affect young adolescents in many ways. 相似文献
2.
The current cross-sectional study investigated the links between various dimensions of organized activity involvement and
depressive symptoms, loneliness, and peer victimization in an ethnically and economically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 152; 58% female). Results indicate that adolescents who were involved in organized activities for more years also reported
lower levels of loneliness. There was evidence of diminishing returns when adolescents were very highly involved in organized
activities; those who were either under- or over-involved reported the highest levels of depressive symptoms. Conversely,
findings indicate that adolescents who participated in a narrow or wide range of activity contexts reported the lowest levels
of depressive symptoms. In addition, results suggested that the relation between organized activity involvement and adjustment
differs among adolescents from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Findings from the current study also underscore
the importance of considering multiple indices of activity involvement when assessing its association with adjustment.
相似文献
Edin T. RandallEmail: |
3.
Although there has been an increasing number of studies that has examined depression among adolescents from immigrant backgrounds,
findings have been mixed, with some studies reporting that immigrant status is associated with risk, while others report that
immigration status is linked to adequate or positive outcomes. Thus, it is important to explore how underlying predictors
contribute to trajectories of depressive symptoms among adolescents from immigrant backgrounds. Using data from a nationally
representative Canadian sample (N = 1,060; aged 12 to 23; 48.9% female), this longitudinal study examined the effects of risk and protective factors on trajectories
of depressive symptoms using multilevel modeling. Predictors of depressive symptoms tended to be protective and suggest a
universal positive influence of self-esteem, positive peer relationships, and parent–child cohesion. Host language proficiency
was predictive of greater increases in depressive symptoms over time. Findings highlight the value of promoting protective
factors and aspects of one’s heritage among immigrant adolescents. 相似文献
4.
There is evidence of gender differences in psychopathology during adolescence, but little research has investigated gender
differences in trauma-related symptoms. Exposure to violence is a commonly experienced potentially traumatic event among urban
adolescents, and the few studies examining gender differences in its mental health impact have produced inconsistent findings.
The present study examines the moderating effects of gender on the longitudinal association between exposure to violence and
a variety of mental health symptoms (externalizing, internalizing, PTSD, dissociation) in a racially diverse urban adolescent
sample (N = 615; 50.6% female; Time 1 mean age = 14.15; Time 2 mean age = 16.70). For both genders, exposure to violence prospectively
predicted increases in all types of symptoms. Although boys reported more exposure to violence on average, girls experiencing
violence were more likely to experience dissociative (but not PTSD, internalizing, or externalizing) symptoms. The results
suggest that adolescent girls exposed to potentially traumatic events may be especially vulnerable to experiencing certain
trauma-related symptoms and imply gender-specific pathways to trauma-related psychopathology. 相似文献
5.
Colleen M. Jacobson Frank Marrocco Marjorie Kleinman Madelyn S. Gould 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(6):656-665
Depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviors are prevalent among youth today. The current study sought to further our understanding
of the correlates of depression and suicidality by assessing the relationship between restrictive emotionality (difficulty
understanding and expressing emotions) and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents. A large
group of high school students (n = 2189, 58.3% male; 13–18 years of age) completed a self-report survey as part of a 2-stage suicide screening project. Logistic
regression analyses were used to assess the association between restrictive emotionality and depressive symptoms, suicidal
ideation, and suicide attempts. Those reporting high restrictive emotionality were 11 times more likely to have elevated depressive
symptom scores, 3 times more likely to report serious suicidal ideation (after controlling for depressive symptoms), and more
than twice as likely to report a suicide attempt (after controlling for depressive symptoms) than those reporting low restrictive
emotionality. Restrictive emotionality partially mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation
and behavior. The pattern of association between restrictive emotionality and the outcome variables was similar for boys and
girls. Restrictive emotionality is highly associated with elevated depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors
among high school students, and may be a useful specific target in prevention and treatment efforts. 相似文献
6.
Sharon F. Lambert Keith C. Herman Mia Smith Bynum Nicholas S. Ialongo 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(4):519-531
Experiences with racism are a common occurrence for African American youth and may result in negative self perceptions relevant
for the experience of depressive symptoms. This study examined the longitudinal association between perceptions of racism
and depressive symptoms, and whether perceived academic or social control mediated this association, in a community epidemiologically-defined
sample of urban African American adolescents (N = 500; 46.4% female). Structural equation modeling revealed that experiences with racism were associated with low perceived
academic control, which in turn was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that experiences with
racism can have long lasting effects for African American youth’s depressive symptoms, and highlight the detrimental effects
of experiences with racism for perceptions of control in the academic domain. Implications for intervention are discussed.
相似文献
Sharon F. LambertEmail: |
7.
Parental monitoring has long been stressed as an important parenting practice in reducing adolescents’ susceptibility to depressive
symptoms. Reviews have revealed, however, that measures of monitoring have been confounded with parental knowledge, and that
the role of adolescent disclosure has been neglected. In the present study, adolescents (N = 2,941; 51.3% female) were surveyed each year from grades 9–12. To disentangle parenting factors, bidirectional associations
among parental knowledge, adolescent disclosure, and parental monitoring (i.e., solicitation and control) were examined. Higher
parental knowledge was associated with lower adolescent depressive symptoms over time. Adolescent disclosure and parental
control also predicted lower adolescent depressive symptoms indirectly through knowledge. Conversely, higher adolescent depressive
symptoms predicted lower parental knowledge, adolescent disclosure, and parental solicitation over time, highlighting the
bidirectional nature of associations among parenting factors and adolescent depressive symptoms. Importantly, these effects
were invariant across gender and grade, suggesting that interventions can be broadly based. 相似文献
8.
Aroian KJ Templin TN Hough EE Ramaswamy V Katz A 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(8):996-1011
Arab-American Muslim adolescents in immigrant families face a number of challenges that put them at risk for behavior problems.
This study of Arab-American Muslim Adolescents and their relatively recent immigrant mothers tested a longitudinal family-level
model of adolescent behavior problems. Mother-adolescent dyads (N = 530) completed measures of maternal and adolescent stressors, active and avoidance coping, and social support; maternal
distress; quality of mother–child relationship; and adolescent behavior problems at Time 1 and approximately 18 months later.
The youth were between the ages of 11 and 15 years at Time 1 and 48.7% were girls. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using
latent change modeling with change scores from Time 1 and Time 2 data. Social support facilitated active coping for both mothers
and adolescents. Although maternal avoidance coping mediated maternal stressors and its effect on maternal distress, maternal
stressors and maternal distress were not related to adolescent behavior problems. The only factor mitigating the effects of
adolescent stressors on adolescent behavior problems was the quality of the mother–child relationship. These findings suggest
that adolescents are insulated from maternal stress and distress as long as there is a good mother–child relationship. 相似文献
9.
Randi Melissa Schuster Robin Mermelstein Laurie Wakschlag 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2013,42(8):1194-1209
A large body of research has identified correlates of risky sexual behavior, with depressive symptoms and marijuana use among the most consistent psychosocial predictors of sexual risk. However, substantially less research has examined the relationship between these risk variables and adolescent risky sexual behavior over time as well as the interaction of these individual-level predictors with family-level variables such as parenting factors. Additionally, most studies have been restricted to one index of risky sexual behavior, have not taken into account the complex role of gender, and have not controlled for several of the factors that independently confer risk for risky sexual behavior. Therefore, the current study investigated the association between depressive symptoms and parameters of parenting on marijuana use, number of sexual partners and condom usage measured 9 months later for both boys and girls. Participants were 9th and 10th grade adolescents (N = 1,145; 57.7 % female). We found that depressive symptoms may be a gender-specific risk factor for certain indices of risky sexual behavior. For boys only, marijuana use at Time 2 accounted for the variance in the relationship between depressive symptoms at Time 1 and number of partners at Time 2. Additionally, strictness of family rules at Time 1 was associated with the number of partners with whom girls engaged in sex at Time 2, but only among those with lower levels of depressive symptoms at Time 1. Results from the current investigation speak to the utility of examining the complex, gender-specific pathways to sexual risk in adolescents. Findings suggest that treatment of mental health and substance use problems may have important implications in rates of risky sexual behavior and, conceivably, controlling the high rates of serious individual and public health repercussions. 相似文献
10.
Belinda L. Needham 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(8):893-905
This study applies latent growth curve analysis to data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent
Health (n = 10,828) and finds that symptoms of depression and social support interact with one another in a dynamic fashion across
the transition from adolescence (mean age at Wave 1 = 15.28 years) to young adulthood (mean age at Wave 3 = 21.65 years).
Parental support during adolescence is inversely associated with initial symptoms of depression for girls and boys, although
adolescent girls with low levels of parental support begin the study period with significantly higher levels of depressive
symptomatology than their male counterparts. In addition, adolescents who begin the study period with higher levels of depressive
symptomatology report less parental support during young adulthood. Finally, regardless of their initial level of depressive
symptoms, girls and boys who experience increased symptoms of depression over time also report lower levels of parental support
at the end of the study period.
相似文献
Belinda L. NeedhamEmail: |
11.
The association between sexual debut timing and depressive symptomatology in adolescence and emerging adulthood was examined
using data from Waves I, II and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Respondents who reported never
having sexual intercourse at Wave I and were 18–22 years of age at Wave III were included (n = 5,061). Twenty percent of respondents experienced early (<age 16) and 49% experienced typical (ages 16–18) sexual debut.
In bivariate analyses, pre-debut depressive symptoms were associated with earlier sexual debut among female but not male adolescents.
In models adjusting for demographic characteristics and pre-debut depressive symptoms, sexual debut was positively related
to adolescent (Wave II) depressive symptomatology, but only among female adolescents age less than sixteen. However, sexual
debut timing was unassociated with emerging adult (Wave III) depressive symptomatology for both male and female respondents.
Findings suggest sexual debut timing does not have implications for depressive symptomatology beyond adolescence.
相似文献
Aubrey L. SpriggsEmail: |
12.
Gustavo Carlo Lisa J. Crockett Jamie L. Wilkinson Sarah J. Beal 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(9):1192-1202
While many adolescents and young adults experiment with substances (e.g., alcohol, cigarette smoking, marijuana), recent research
suggests that rural youth and young adults may be more at risk for substance use than their urban counterparts. This study
was designed to examine the longitudinal relationships between rural adolescents’ prosocial behaviors and substance use in
young adulthood. Furthermore, we examined the potential mediating effects of adolescent substance use, academic investment,
and delinquency. Rural youth (N = 531; 263 girls) were surveyed in grades 10–12 (Time 1; M age = 16.17; SD = .91) and again in early adulthood (Time 2). Measures of prosocial behaviors, substance use, academic investment,
and deviant activities were assessed at Time 1. At Time 2, measures of marijuana use, cigarette smoking, and getting drunk
were administered. Overall, the findings showed that rural adolescents who frequently exhibit prosocial behaviors are less
likely to engage in substance use in young adulthood than those who exhibit relatively low levels of prosocial behaviors.
These findings indicate that prosocial behaviors may have positive health consequences, establishing behavioral trajectories
that lead to lower levels of risky health behaviors in adulthood in rural populations. 相似文献
13.
Marloes P. A. Van Dijk Susan Branje Loes Keijsers Skyler T. Hawk William W. Hale III Wim Meeus 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(11):1861-1876
Higher self-concept clarity is related to several adjustment indices and may be promoted by open communication with parents, while problems with self-concept clarity development could enhance internalizing problems (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms) in adolescence. This longitudinal study examined linkages between self-concept clarity, adolescents’ open communication with parents, and adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms. Dutch youths (N = 323; 51.1 % girls; mean age Time 1 = 13.3 years) reported on these constructs over four consecutive annual measurements. Concurrent positive links between open communication and self-concept clarity were found at Time 1. Over time, higher levels of open communication with parents predicted higher self-concept clarity only in middle adolescence (mean age between 14 and 15 years). We also found concurrent associations between self-concept clarity and both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Longitudinally, lower self-concept clarity predicted relatively higher levels of depressive symptoms across all waves, and also higher anxiety levels from Time 1 to Time 2. Conversely, higher levels of anxiety also predicted lower levels of self-concept clarity during the first three waves. Self-concept clarity did not mediate the longitudinal associations between open communication and internalizing symptoms. This study is one of the first to investigate self-concept clarity across adolescence. It highlights the possible importance of both anxiety symptoms and communication with parents in understanding the development of a clear self-concept, and demonstrates an association between lower self-concept clarity and higher levels of later depressive and anxiety symptoms. 相似文献
14.
Building on the growing body of research that supports the relationship between depressive symptoms and sexual activities
in adolescence, we examined how individual differences in interpersonal avoidance and anxiety might moderate this association.
Data were collected from 71 early adolescent girls (M age 13.45 years; SD = 0.68; 89% Caucasian) concurrently and 1 year later. Results indicated that greater depressive symptoms
predicted a greater frequency of sexual intercourse both concurrently and 1-year later, particularly among more interpersonally
avoidant girls. However, greater depressive symptoms predicted a greater frequency of non-intercourse activities 1-year later
among less avoidant girls. Implications for understanding how individual differences in interpersonal style may serve as risk
or protective factors in dysphoric girls’ sexual experiences are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Socialization and individual differences were examined as antecedents of moral motivation in representative samples of 15-year-old
adolescents (N = 1,258; 54% female) and 21-year-old young adults (N = 584; 53% female). The adolescents’ primary caregivers (N = 1,056) also participated. The strength of moral motivation was rated by participants’ responses to two hypothetical moral
dilemmas in terms of action decisions, emotion attributions, and justifications. Socialization was measured by the perceived
quality of friendship, parent–child relationships, and educational background. The importance attached to social justice and
various personality traits were also assessed. Adolescents’ moral motivation was positively associated with the quality of
their parent–child relationship and the importance of social justice. Young adults’ moral motivation was predicted by the
perceived quality of friendships, the importance of social justice, and agreeableness. For both groups, moral motivation was
greater in females. The theoretical implications of the findings for the development of moral motivation are discussed. 相似文献
16.
This longitudinal study examined whether supportive parenting mediates relations between parent–child differences in cultural
orientation (generational dissonance) and depressive symptoms with a sample of 451 first and second generation Chinese American
parents and adolescents (12–15 years old at time 1). Using a person-centered approach, meaningful typologies of cultural orientation
were derived for fathers, mothers, and adolescents. Overall, results provided support, though qualified, for the notion that
generational dissonance is linked to depressive symptoms through decreased supportive parenting. In general, having a parent
with a bicultural profile seemed to be most advantageous if adolescents similarly had a bicultural profile, whereas more American oriented adolescents with more Chinese oriented parents reported the least supportive parenting and most depressive symptoms. Directions for future research and
the benefits of using a person-centered approach in research of acculturation and generational dissonance are discussed.
相似文献
Scott R. WeaverEmail: |
17.
Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor Kimberly A. Updegraff Melinda A. Gonzales-Backen 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(2):140-157
Mexican-origin adolescent mothers are at increased risk for poor psychosocial functioning as a result of various stressors
with which they must contend; however, existing theory suggests that cultural strengths may help mitigate the negative effects
of stress. As such, the current study examined the associations between cultural and economic stressors and Mexican-origin
adolescent mothers’ (N = 207; M age = 16.23 years, SD = 1.0) internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as the degree to which ethnic identity affirmation
and familism values moderated these links. Adolescent mothers who reported higher levels of discrimination, acculturative
stress, and economic stress also reported higher depressive symptoms and greater involvement in risky behaviors. Importantly,
ethnic identity affirmation minimized the negative associations between cultural stressors and adolescents’ involvement in
risky behaviors, with the associations being weakest among adolescents with high levels of ethnic identity. Familism appeared
to serve a protective function under conditions of low levels of discrimination, but not under conditions of high levels of
discrimination. Findings are discussed with special attention to the developmental and cultural contexts in which these adolescent
mothers’ lives are embedded, and implications for future research and practice are presented. 相似文献
18.
Alexandra Loukas Ken G. Ripperger-Suhler Karissa D. Horton 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(6):804-812
This study examined (a) the associations between school connectedness and early adolescent adjustment problems over a 1 year
period and (b) the equivalence of these associations across gender. Five hundred middle school students (53.4% female), initially
in the 6th and 7th grades, participated in the two-wave study. Results from two-group cross-lagged panel analyses were consistent
across boys’ and girls’ data. After controlling for baseline levels of adjustment problems, school connectedness predicted
lower levels of early adolescent conduct problems 1 year later. Regarding the opposite direction of associations, and even
after baseline levels of school connectedness were taken into account, conduct problems predicted lower levels of subsequent
school connectedness. There were no cross-lagged associations between depressive symptoms and school connectedness, although
elevated levels of baseline depressive symptoms predicted higher levels of subsequent conduct problems. Findings elaborate
previous research by demonstrating that early adolescents actively shape the middle school environment.
相似文献
Karissa D. HortonEmail: |
19.
Eileen Haddad Chuansheng Chen Ellen Greenberger 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(3):310-319
Previous research has consistently documented the importance of VIPs (mentors or important non-parental adults) in the lives
of adolescents. Little is known, however, about whether VIPs play the same important roles across ethnic groups and whether
VIPs remain influential when adolescents are older and involved in romantic relationships. The present study compared VIPs
of 355 Hispanic, Asian, and European American older adolescents (age range = 17–19 years; M = 18.7 years; 62% female). Results indicated that, despite ethnic differences in their social capital, VIPs’ psychological
characteristics (e.g., warmth and acceptance, depressive symptoms, and problem behavior) were similar. VIPs were perceived
to have more positive psychological profiles than parents and peers, and in some cases, romantic partners. Moreover, with
a few exceptions, the associations between VIP characteristics and adolescent adjustment (e.g., self-esteem, depressive symptoms,
and problem behavior) were largely similar across ethnic groups. Finally, VIPs made unique contributions to adolescents’ self-esteem
and problem behaviors even after the effects of romantic partners were considered. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Sandra Graham Amy Bellmore Adrienne Nishina Jaana Juvonen 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(4):487-499
This study examined the mediating role of self-blaming attributions on peer victimization-maladjustment relations in middle
school and the moderating role of classroom ethnic diversity. Latino and African American 6th grade participants (N = 1105, 56% female) were recruited from middle schools in which they were either members of the numerical majority ethnic
group, the numerical minority, or one of several ethnic groups in ethnically diverse schools. Peer nomination data were gathered
in the Fall of 6th grade to determine which students had reputations as victims of harassment and self-report data on self-blame
for peer harassment and the adjustment outcomes of depressive symptoms and feelings of self-worth were gathered in the Spring
of 6th grade, approximately 6 months later. A mediational model in which self-blame partly explained the relation between
victimization and maladjustment was supported among students from the majority ethnic group in their classroom but not among
students from the minority group. The usefulness of including ethnic diversity as an important context variable in studies
of peer victimization during early adolescence was discussed.
Amy D. Bellmore is an Assistant Professor at University of Wisconsin, Madison in the Department of Educational Psychology. Her research interests include peer-directed aggression, ethnicity and ethnic contexts, and the development of interpersonal perception. Adrienne Nishina is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Human and Community Development at University of California, Davis. Her major research interests include mental health in schools, adolescent peer relations, and ethnic diversity. Jaana Juvonen is a Professor and Chair of the Developmental Psychology Program at University of California, Los Angeles. Her area of expertise is in young adolescent peer relationships and school adjustment. 相似文献
Sandra GrahamEmail: |
Amy D. Bellmore is an Assistant Professor at University of Wisconsin, Madison in the Department of Educational Psychology. Her research interests include peer-directed aggression, ethnicity and ethnic contexts, and the development of interpersonal perception. Adrienne Nishina is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Human and Community Development at University of California, Davis. Her major research interests include mental health in schools, adolescent peer relations, and ethnic diversity. Jaana Juvonen is a Professor and Chair of the Developmental Psychology Program at University of California, Los Angeles. Her area of expertise is in young adolescent peer relationships and school adjustment. 相似文献