不能向同行讨钱

晚年的袁世凯肯定会因为两个人的“背叛”而耿耿于怀，这两人一个是蔡锷，一个是章士钊。     

论马克思学说展开的内在动力

马克思学说是一个严密的逻辑体系,对人本质的揭示及人的解放道路的探索是马克思学说的主题。马克思关于人本质的构筑经历了一个从抽象的人出发,经过对人本质的异化的揭示,最后到达现实的人的阶段,这三个阶段表现为一个正反合的辩证过程。现实人的本质的内在矛盾是人类历史发展的动力,也是马克思学说展开的内在张力。人类历史发展的必然趋势和马克思学说展开的逻辑结论就是对导致人本质异化的社会关系的克服和全面发展的人的实现。     

仪式的意义

<正>据说阿拉伯人和印度人不能凑到一块讲话,假如他们碰到一起,谈话过程中,一定是阿拉伯人不停向前靠近印度人,而印度人不停往后退。原因是阿拉伯人认为两个人讲话时靠近一点算是比较礼貌,而印度人则认为距离远一点算是比较尊重对方,于是便发生了尴尬的一幕。这种形式上的东西如果剥离了意义来看,所导致的行为会让人觉得莫名其妙。     

关于搞好比较政治学学科建设的几点思考

关于比较政治学科建设,我有以下几点思考:第一,在比较政治研究中,比较是个方法,在经济、政治基本制度及意识形态和价值观不同的国家之间都可以用,而用什么标准来比较,则是问题的核心。我认为,应该用多数人的根本利益和立场作为根本标准进行比较。无论在一个国家内部,还是在国与国之间,都应该以多数人的利益为标准。如果以少数人的利益为标     

论马克思主义人的发展的权利内涵

马克思主义人的发展具有很丰富的内涵,其中人的权利发展是其本质内涵。这是因为,人的解放和发展就是人的权利的发展,权利的获得是人的发展的先决条件和现实保障。人的发展首先是表现在人们对生存权利,并进而延伸至其他权利的要求上的,并受到财产权利的制约。马克思主义人的权利发展的主体是每一个人,发展实质是自由个性的全面实现,发展的权利来自于人的劳动权利,发展的主体内容是财产权利的获得与行使。     

霍去病的病和辛弃疾的疾

霍去病和辛弃疾，一个是汉朝人，一个是宋朝人，他们生活的时间相去1200多年。这两个八竿子打不着的人，却有一个共同点：名字的含义相同，都有祛除疾病得到健康的意思。就是这个原因，使我一时兴起，来写这一篇小文章.     

人的全面自由发展与闲暇时间

发展的核心是人的发展 ,未来社会的根本目标就是实现人的全面自由发展 ,这就要求人类必须具备鲜明的主体意识和主体精神。这种主体意识并非强调人在自然、社会中的优先地位 ,而在于强调要为人类潜力的充分发展提供一个良好的社会环境 ,使人的物质发展与精神发展要求都得到充分的满足 ,使人成为一种精神解放、意志自由的主体。这就存在一个“人的全面自由发展与闲暇时间”问题。     

如何制订更好的发展政策

传统的发展政策存在一时兴起的问题,总是从一个大动作转向另一个大动作。相比之下,新方法采取了不可知论的立场,承认我们并不知道什么政策会起作用,并认为束缚发展的因素往往要具体问题具体分析。金墉(Jim Yong Kim,美籍韩裔医学专家,编者按)被任命为世行行长或许是意料中事——长期以来,这个位置都为美国人所专有。但仅仅是金墉需要与另两名候选者奥孔乔一伊韦拉和奥坎波竞争这个事实便已表明,人们在发展政策领域存在深刻的分歧,因为金墉和两位竞争对手的观点是截然不同的。金墉的观点是自下而上。他直接关注穷人,关注向贫困社区提供服务,     

思想政治工作与人的全面发展

努力提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质，实现人们思想和精神生活的全面发展，是我们构建和谐社会当中对人的全面发展的一个基本要求，也是我们思想政治工作的一项基本任务。每个人的自由全面发展，只有在物质财富极大丰富，人们的精神境界极大提高的共产社会才能得到完全的实现。而这是一个逐步提高，不断发展的过程。因此在社会发展的每一阶段也都存在着人的全面发展过程。社会主义和谐社会是全面进步，全面发展的社会。     

论社会发展进步的理想尺度和现实尺度的统一

人的自由全面发展是衡量社会发展进步的理想尺度 ,是人类社会发展所追求的至善至美的终极状态 ,体现了对人的终极关怀 ;生产力的状况是衡量社会发展进步的现实尺度 ,体现对人的现实关怀 ;以人的价值及其实现作为衡量社会发展进步的理性尺度 ,既保留和肯定了前两个尺度的必然性、客观性、合理性 ,也克服了各自的局限性和片面性。     

Power and transformational and transactional leadership in public and private organizations

Ten public and 35 private organizations located in Central New York State participated in a university- sponsored research project to study the effects of organizational characteristics upon types of leadership (transformational/transactional) and power demonstrated by supervisors. Public sector organizations in which managers had low control over rewards were compared to private sector organizations in which managers had high control over rewards.

Followers perceived public sector supervisors as more inspirational by their followers and they used more active management-by-exception behavior than those in private organizations. Private sector supervisors had more reward, legitimate and coercive power than supervisors in public sector organizations.     

Natural Resources and Small Island Economies: Mauritius and Trinidad and Tobago

Abstract

Historically, small economies, especially resource-rich ones, underperformed on average relative to their larger counterparts. Small island economies appear still more disadvantaged due to remoteness from both markets and agglomeration economies. Yet a comparison of two small island economies with similar initial conditions other than their mineral endowment suggests that policy outweighs size, isolation and resource endowment in determining economic performance. Resource-poor Mauritius adopted an unfashionable policy of export manufacturing that systematically eliminated surplus labour, which drove economic diversification that sustained rapid GDP growth and political maturation. Like most resource-rich economies, Trinidad and Tobago pursued policies that absorbed rent too rapidly, which impeded diversification and created an illusory prosperity vulnerable to collapse.     

Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians and why Novorossiya failed

This article discusses two inter-related issues. Firstly, the factors lying behind Russia's fervent belief that its Novorossiya (New Russia) project, aimed to bring back to Russia eight oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Zaporizhhya, Odesa, Mykolayiv, and Kherson in eastern and southern Ukraine and launched during the 2014 “Russian Spring,” would be successful. Russian identity misunderstood, and continues to misunderstand, Ukraine and Ukrainians through stereotypes and myths of Ukraine as an “artificial state” and Ukraine's Russian speakers as “fraternal brothers” and Russians and Ukrainians as “one people” (odin narod). Secondly, why Ukrainian national identity was different than these Russian stereotypes and myths and how this led to the failure of the Novorossiya project. Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians came face to face with the reality of Russian-speaking Ukrainian patriotism and their low support for the Russkij Mir (Russian World). The article compares Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians with how Ukrainians see themselves to explain the roots of the 2014 crisis, “Russian Spring,” and failure of Russian President Vladimir Putin's Novorossiya project.     

Country size and economic growth and development

This paper attempts to provide limited empirical evidence on the nature of the relationship between country size and rates of economic growth and levels of economic development, and on the possible effects of trade concentration and dependence on trade on this relationship. It suggests that there is no discernible association between country size and economic development, nor between country size and economic growth, and that neither the dependence on trade of small countries nor their commodity and geographic export concentration are necessarily important factors in economic growth and economic development.     

Earnings and ethnicity in Trinidad and Tobago

This study employs 1993 Continuous Sample Survey of the Population (CSSP) data for Trinidad and Tobago to investigate the determinants of earnings by ethnicity. The data, organised into three ethnic groupings, reveal lower levels of remuneration in the labour market for Africans and Indians than for individuals of other ethnicities taken as a whole. While the larger portion of the earnings differentials generally appears to be explained by ethnic differences in characteristics valued by the labour market, Africans and Indians would benefit substantially if they were to receive the same rates of remuneration for their educational endowments as workers of other ethnicities in the Trinidad and Tobago labour market. Notwithstanding Indians’ lowest average earnings, Africans appear more likely to be discriminated against.     

现代化与未成年人犯罪

未成人犯罪随着现代化的发展而发展，这可以说是一种国际现象。在现代化进程中，我国未成年人犯罪大量增多的原因在于：未成年人生理、心理发展不平衡，家庭教育存在缺失，学校教育存在不足，社会上存在着很多消极因素。在现代化进程中，必须采取有效对策，控制未成年人犯罪增多，才能保障未成年人健康成长。     

Displacement and Testimony: Recent History and the Study of Exile and Post-exile

This article analyzes the testimonial literature of Latin American exile within the wider framework of studies of exile and post-exile. It claims that testimonies have an important role in providing access to the multiple and reflexive voices of exiles and expatriates, which are relevant to the reconstruction of the recent history of Latin America. Their relevance lies in enabling analysis to move beyond the heroic, Byronic vision of exile towards a less idealistic yet more intimate understanding of the gains and losses of territorial displacement, as well as the tensions, ambiguities, and conflicts developing within the communities of exiles, as they face new challenges. Exile testimonies also allow research to trace the development of a broader sense of identity extending beyond territorial borders and expressed in the awareness of being part of national Diasporas and, for many, also a Latin American transnational consciousness.     

“两抢”犯罪的趋势与防控

根据最近16年的统计数据，我国“两抢”犯罪总体呈上升态势，且出现多方面的特点。当前，影响“两抢”犯罪变化趋势的因素主要有：社会管理机制完善的程度、社会成员之间收入的差距、“两抢”犯罪主体特点、社会成员的防范意识以及公安机关的防控机制等。预防“两抢”犯罪需要整个社会尤其是公安机关的共同努力。