权威主义的终结与中国政治的渐进发展

1949年以来,中国政治经历了以权威主义为重要特征的发展阶段。在权威主义时代,领导人个人的意志和判断在很大程度上决定着党和国家的发展方向,政治发展跌宕起伏,具有极大的不稳定性。随着权威主义领导人的离去,中国逐步过渡到后权威主义时代。在后权威主义时代,领导人的政治基础和权力效应相对薄弱,决策的科学化、民主化成为主要趋势。政治的渐进发展将成为检验政治发展健康与否的重要标志。     

从中日少年案件处理流程与矫正之比较看少年司法模式

日本存在三类对非行少年的相应法律制度：刑事司法制度、少年保护与儿童福利行政制度,少年法院在制度的连接与案件分流中起主导作用;中国的关于未成年人犯罪与严重违法案件的对应制度可两分为刑事司法系统之内与刑事司法系统之外。案件的处理与分流成流线型．最终进入刑事司法系统中的案件为涉嫌犯罪的未成年人案件。通过对于中日两国实然少年案件处理流程与矫正的比较得出结论：制定和实施具有司法法性质的少年法是实现少年司法制度独立的关键。     

Assessing the Impact of Microcredit: A Zambian Case Study

Expectations are high, but evidence of the impact of microcredit remains in short supply. This article estimates the impact of an urban credit programme in Zambia on business performance and on a range of indicators of wellbeing. Borrowers who obtained a second loan experienced significantly higher average growth in business profits and household income. Inflexible group enforcement of loan obligations resulted in some borrowers, especially amongst those who had taken only one loan, being made worse off. Our methodological investigations suggest that the supply of rigorous impact studies can be increased by basing them on data collection that serves a wider range of purposes, including market research.     

Promoting Democracy and Promoting Authoritarianism: Comparing the Cases of Belarus and Slovakia

Although scholars have made great progress over the last few years studying the international dimension of democratisation, questions remain about this complex relationship, especially about the understudied area of external promotion of authoritarianism. This article seeks to develop more refined understanding of specific mechanisms linking one type of external involvement, financial assistance, to regime change. Financial assistance can increase the capabilities of either pro-democratic or pro-authoritarian elites and therefore contribute to regime change. These mechanisms are examined by looking at democracy assistance in Slovakia and Belarus and Russia's support for authoritarianism in Belarus.     

Democratization of the State: A Global Perspective and South African Case Study

ABSTRACT

This essay provides a global perspective on the democratic transformation of the state in societies undergoing democratization. Comparative research indicates that the development and effective performance of democratic political systems require the establishment of honest and competent public bureaucracies that avoid political partisanship and demonstrate respect for the diverse values and interests of the populations they serve. Especially important in democratizing the state is the development and practice of the norms of secondary democracy. The practice of these norms of mutual respect, fairness, and collaboration create the essential culture or modus vivendi of democracy. The Republic of South Africa is analyzed as an important case study of a contemporary state that is attempting to create a democratic and corruption-free public service in a country with an extremely racist, authoritarian, and corruption-ridden past. This case study reveals that the democratization of the state in South Africa, as in the case of other countries around the world, requires the members of the state bureaucracy to practice the norms of secondary democracy in their daily relations with one another and in their relations with the citizenry.     

A Continuum for Responding to the Extreme Right: A Comparison between the United States and Germany

This article compares and contrasts the responses to right-wing extremism in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany. Essentially, the approaches of these respective countries represent two polarities on a continuum. Whereas in theory, the United States allows extremist groups much more freedom to espouse unpopular ideas, the Federal Republic of Germany has the legal authority to disband extremist groups and parties that it deigns a threat to the country's constitutional democracy. Despite these seeming differences, both countries have responded resolutely to manifestations of right-wing extremism and have actually cooperated on numerous occasions to stymie American extremist activists that have propagandized in Germany. There are advantages and disadvantages to the approaches these two countries employ in countering extremism.     

从坎昆峰会看外交政策中的公共议程博弈

2010年11月29日至12月11日,联合国气候变化谈判峰会在墨西哥坎昆举行。这次峰会是近年来国际社会为防止气候变化而共同努力的一个组成部分。尽管坎昆峰会在国际社会关注度和期待值上,     

对抗政治视角下的美国宗教非政府组织——以“倡议国际”组织为例

在跨国对抗研究中,宗教一直是一个被＂边缘化＂的因素,然而宗教非政府组织的跨国集体行动使得它们对国际关系的影响力日益显著,形成了＂宗教性跨国对抗＂。本文从宗教非政府组织所关注的主要议题之一＂宗教人权＂领域,以个案＂倡议国际＂组织为例,结合政治社会学、国际关系的相关理论分析这一类型组织的国际政治参与。