国外义务教育立法与我国《义务教育法》的完善

义务教育立法是教育法制建设的根基。国外义务教育立法表现出强制性、平衡性、免费性、可操作性等十分显著的特点,这给我国完善《义务教育法》以诸多启迪:增强立法的强制性,确保《义务教育法》的权威和效能;确立教育法制的人本理念,寻求各方主体间的综合平衡;切实保障义务教育的投入,实现义务教育的完全免费;提高立法技术,增强义务教育法规的可操作性。     

Compromise and religious freedom

Compromise is surprisingly common in the context of religious freedom. In Holt v. Hobbs, for example, a Muslim prison inmate challenged his prison’s no-beards policy on religious freedom grounds. He proposed, and was eventually granted, a compromise that allowed him to grow a half-inch beard rather than the full beard normally required by his beliefs. Some have argued that such a compromise is inconsistent with the purpose of religious freedom, which is to guard against interference with an individual’s religious practices. Accepting a compromise, after all, may require a significant modification to one’s default practices. But this paper argues that compromise can be appropriate if the purpose of religious freedom is to foster the inclusion and acceptance of all people in a diverse political community. Moreover, the benefits of compromise may lend support to the inclusion-based conception of religious freedom as against the more traditional non-interference conception.

     

公正立法与立法公开

公正立法在本质上是一种现代立法理念,在追求立法价值公正的同时,也追求立法程序的公正和立法结果的公正。公正的立法是在公正价值的指导下通过公正的程序而实现的。立法公开不仅是程序公正的组成部分,也是走向公正立法的重要途径。     

论授权式行政立法体制的确立

西方国家强调行政立法的授权性,而我国现行体制强调行政立法的职权性,由此形成两种行政立法体制。通过对我国宪法的解读,发现授权体制在我国具有宪法基础。而从补足行政立法的正当性、限制其任意性、增强其灵活性等方面考虑,也有必要实现职权体制向授权体制的转变。通过对授权明确性原则的从宽掌握,这种转变也是可行的。     

Legislation

On Sunday, 6 August 2006, at 2.30 a.m., the Hong Kong Legislative Council, after a prolonged and at times litigious debate, passed the Interception of Communications Surveillance Ordinance (ICO) in Hong Kong with a vote of 32–0. The ICO is the first successful attempt to regulate the interception of citizens' private communications by the Hong Kong government. A review of the literature shows that there has been no comprehensive, systematic and critical assessment of the IOC since its passage. This article provides a critical assessment of ICO, with a twist. Instead of evaluating the ICO based on preconceived and conventional Western jurisprudential principles and foreign legal practices, the article assesses ICO with reference to prevailing (Chinese‐Hong Kong) cultural standards from within, i.e. that of Qing‐Li‐Fa (QLF).     

国家科技计划立法若干问题研究

国家科技计划法,在狭义上指集中规定国家科技计划编制和实施的原则、程序和基本做法的综合性法律文件。科技计划法是国家在科技领域实现宏观调控的支柱性法律,从功能上看,科技计划法旨在以下领域发挥作用:克服自律失灵、市场失灵、政府失灵、系统失灵。在我国现行科技计划立法及实施中,虽然很早就认识到了计划在科技领域中的重要作用,积累了大量经验,但无基本的法律依据;现行科技计划众多、分散,内容集成性、效力协调性和程序统一性都相当缺乏,亟待改进和完善。     

价格垄断及立法规制

虽然各国立法分类和理论研究都没有将价格垄断作为一般规制对象而单列,但并不能由此否认价格垄断行为具有相对独立性。对价格垄断行为的立法规制有两种立法体例:一元管制和二元管制。我国采二元管制的立法体例,即国家对价格的监管除了通过反垄断法或竞争法外,还制定专门的综合性价格法。反价格垄断法体系作为一个有机整体,是互相关联、衔接和配合的。反价格垄断法律规制对象有:垄断价格、固定价格、价格歧视和低价倾销。     

Practical Reason and Legislation

Abstract
The author's starting point is Bobbio's theoretical approach to the problems of the relations between law and reason. He then appraises the meanings of reason and the concept of theoretical and practical rationality in the application of law. He examines the complex problem of the rationality of legislation and distinguishes five levels of rationality.