试论行政发展的研究理论框架

作为行政学的一个分支学科 ,行政发展是一门年轻而又充满活力的学科。然而 ,关于行政发展的研究理论框架 ,学术界至今尚未达成统一的共识。本文立足于行政发展的研究现状 ,结合我国的国情 ,对行政发展的研究理论框架作一初步的探讨 ,以期对行政发展学的进一步发展有所裨益     

Planning and conducting federally funded scientific research in Nigeria

During the past two decades Nigeria has invested heavily in scientific research, by developing country standards. Yet these investments at best have had only marginal impacts on the activities of the production and service sectors even though there are many priority development activities which could benefit from inputs from Nigerian researchers. At the national level efforts to direct or even co-ordinate the planning and budgeting of research have been seriously hampered by frequent changes in organizational responsibilities and by repeated budget cuts. Historically, the activities of the federal research institutes have been poorly tuned to the interests and capabilities of the potential users of their research products. Neither these institutes nor the universities with research activities are in a position to develop products or processes which can compete with imported technologies that are saturating the economy. However, the research institutes, and to a lesser extent the universities, should make greater contributions in applying science to improved use of the nation's natural resource endowments, although significant changes in research management at the project level are needed if this objective is to be realized. The Government should provide incentives to the multinational companies operating in Nigeria to develop joint programmes with the research institutes and universities as one mechanism for diffusing the administrative and technical capabilities of the companies. Meanwhile, selected public sector enterprises should be encouraged to expand technological innovation efforts which could be directly applied to their production activities.     

公共行政的非理性研究

非理性的研究方法,对于促进公共行政的研究与发展具有重要的价值,它提升了公共行政学者的研究品质与研究质量,拓展了公共行政研究的新领域,促进了公共行政研究方法的多元化,适应了公共行政研究客体的基本特征.但是,由于非理性从总体来说是属于社会心里、社会意识的范畴.因此,学界在继续推进非理性研究的同时,要注意从处理好公共行政理性研究与非理性研究之间的关系,加强公共行政非理性研究的深度和广度,加强公共行政非理性理论研究与实践应用的相结合,加强多学科研究的协作攻关力度,进一步拓展非理性研究的国际视野等方面,着力提升公共行政非理性研究的质量.     

Dimensions of community development projects in Bendel State,Nigeria

Several communities in the Bendel State of Nigeria have distinguished themselves in their enthusiasm for community development through self-help efforts. In addition to their contributions in labour and money these communities also make demands on the government for various forms of aid. Because of the uncoordinated nature of the projects and the demands, the government is precipitated into responses without a thorough examination of the development impact and the priority needs of the projects. An analysis of the characteristics of the completed and on-going community development projects in Bendel State between 1970 and 1982 shows that the prime interest of communities is in the provision of social infrastructure rather than in improved production which will create wealth and employment. Similar mistakes are made by the government in its total funding and in providing matching grants for projects which have doubtful rationales. The paper suggests that planning for community development projects should involve the co-operation of the government and the people. The enthusiasm for development should be encouraged but not at the expense of co-ordinated effort which could bring about the much-desired even development by sorting out priorities and conserving resources.     

The maturing of development administration

This article traces the evolution of the concepts underlying development administration since its origin as a distinct subdiscipline in the early 1960s. It relates the main thrusts in development administration to changing theories and approaches to economic and social development, especially the appropriate functions of the state, the implications of modernization, and the capabilities of people outside the modern core in urban centres. Seven major themes have emerged during the past decade. Their acceptance among academics and practitioners has produced a more sophisticated, realistic and useful appreciation of the relationships of public administration to development. Though this bodes well for the future, an unsolved problem is the continuing intellectual hegemony of Western concepts and practices, despite an impressive number of highly trained Third World scholars and well-established Third World institutions operating in this field. There is evidence that the ongoing search for effective indigenous management practices will greatly enrich development administration as a field of inquiry and of practice.     

2005年公共行政学研究综述

2005年中国公共行政学研究的范围十分广泛,涉及学科的各个方面,在不同的方面专家学者都进行了较深入的研究,取得大量研究成果。为了避免开中药铺式的简单罗列,本综述从以下方面对过去的一年公共行政学研究做了一个简单回顾:政府的行政能力、公共政策、人事行政、公共行政理论与管理方法研究、中国行政改革与发展研究、公共管理前沿问题等。     

Decentralization: The latest fashion in development administration?

There has been a resurgence of interest in decentralization, but decentralization is now somewhat differently conceived from the way it was in the 1960s. With somewhat different objectives, decentralization also take different forms and this calls into question the value of the well established categories of devolution and deconcentration.     

Sponsoring research and development

His most recent book is Small Wars, Big Defense.He is co-editor of Public Policy Toward Corporate Takeovers,published by Transaction Books.     

Self-help training for planning urban development: An innovation in on-the-job learning in Nigeria

Forced to be innovative, a short course conducted in Nigeria for urban planners produced good results, although the bulk of the direction and teaching was provided by government town planners with no previous teaching experience. A crucial factor appears to have been the course structure, which was not only based upon learning while performing a project, but also required repetition of the project tasks in two cycles. The learning was enhanced because the project was a piece of work from the current programme of the planning agency which operated the course. This effect, and the utility of the conclusions of the project work, are likely to contribute significantly to the institutional development of the planning agency. There are important implications for further training of this kind in Nigeria, implying that experienced trainers are less in need, that a group capable of conducting future short courses can be built of government planning officers, and that training should be conducted within operating institutions of government.     

Using brain skill assessments to increase productivity in development administration

This article describes how BMS (brain skill and management styles) assessments have and can be used to increase productivity in development administration. The article starts with a brief outline of the management climate which executives face in developing countries (crisis and rapidly changing environments). The article points out that although developing countries have significantly increased their productivity by using traditional quantitative management tools and techniques, they increasingly find that these approaches need to be supplemented with other techniques more appropriate to the environment they must contend with. BMS programmes have been found to be one tool which, combined with established training programmes can serve to increase productivity in developing nations with existing personnel. The article describes what a BMS programme is (identifying human brain skills and management styles that exist in organizations, and matching these skills/styles to the management problem at hand where they can be best employed to enhance productivity), and illustrates how this technique has been used successfully in one developing country. The BMS programme applications in the article are based on the results of testing over 2000 managers and also the experience from implementing in-depth BMS programmes in several countries in a wide variety of organizational settings (business, government, education, military and health).     

The development and reform of court organization and administration

Over the past decade, court reform has become an integral part of the process of economic, political and administrative development. This article will examine the causes and consequences of court reform's new role. After reviewing the key national and international actors and examining the political and economic assumptions used to justify this initiative, the article will then argue that (1) the priority of judicial reform in the development agenda is linked not only to a theory of the role of courts and law in political and economic development, but also to the emergence of the field of judicial administration and court management, beginning in the United States and extending to a number of other countries; (2) the limitations built into the judicial administrative reforms implemented in OECD countries may be accentuated in the developing world; and (3) the very success of judicial administration as a field allows it to be used, in conflict with its fundamental tenets, to advance the political agendas of OECD countries as well as developing and transitional regimes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

宪政视角下的中国公共行政发展

由于现代国家制度建设尚有待完善,我国公共行政学界在追踪西方学术前沿,致力于进行管理主义和政策主义公共行政研究的同时,有必要继续重视并阐发宪政主义公共行政理论。如果我们立足于从宪政视角完善有限政府的制度框架,公共行政发展将会收到事半功倍的效果;如果一味地依赖于管理主义或政策主义公共行政理论,则会事倍功半、欲速则不达。就宪政视角的公共行政规范看,中国有必要加速推进有限政府、法治政府、分权政府、诚信政府和透明政府的制度建设。     

The administration of development in emergent nations. The problems in the Caribbean

The conduct of development administration in Commonwealth Caribbean countries is hindered by weaknesses in government, and, on the basis of many years experience, Dr. Hope points to four approaches to reform which are currently favoured. Changing the nature of political leadership; reasserting the importance of an independent instrumental administration through greater attention to manpower planning, training and staff development; similarly extending the scope of administrative action by achieving a decentralization of authority from political ministers to local professional administators acting with the public; and participatory democracy with a reduced role for professional administration are four approaches with parallels in other parts of the world. The author points, however, to distinctive features in the Caribbean and argues that the small size of the states creates particular problems and challenges.     

论西方发展行政学的演进与新发展

发展行政学是西方社会科学中年轻的学科之一.发展行政学是公共行政学学科发展和分化特别是在比较公共行政学研究基础上成长起来的.她经历了形成、衰落和复兴几个阶段.发展行政学与理论、现实的紧密结合是其学科发展的生长点.发展是永恒的主题,发展行政学的兴起是必然的.尽管如此,发展行政学在全球化视野下,挑战和机遇并存.     

Interstate Relations in Nigeria

Interstate relations in Nigeria have tended to be more competitiveand conflictual than cooperative. There are several reasonsfor this, but the emergence of the federal government as themaster government, which has virtually reduced interstate relationsto how states compete to maximize their shares of the country'sresources, provides the key to any meaningful analysis of theserelations. By focusing on a number of specific issues, thisarticle shows why and how the distortion of the federal frameworkof interstate relations has made center-inspired competition(and cooperation) the prevalent form of relations.