British Trade with the Spanish Colonies, 1788–1795

British trade with colonial Spanish America was largely contraband, and detailed statistical data describing its value and character are notoriously scarce. This article presents what is very probably the only detailed survey of a major branch of the trade which exists for any period, describing the trade of the British colonies in the Caribbean and North America in the years 1788–1795. Data are given both for tonnage of shipping and for type and value of commodities traded, with particular focus on the import trade. The work is based on a unique statistical series recently discovered in the Public Record Office, London.     

'International Political Theory – A British Social Science?'

Books reviewed in this article:
Dunne, T., Inventing International Society
Schmidt, B. C., The Political Discourse of Anarchy: A Disciplinary History of International Relations
Boucher, D., Political Theories of International Relations
Gourevitch, P., We Wish to Inform you that Tomorrow we will be Killed with our Families: Stories from Rwanda
Weiss, T. G., Military–Civilian Interactions: Intervening in Humanitarian Crises
Moore, J. (ed.), Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention
Geras, N., The Contract of Mutual Indifference: Political Philosophy after the Holocaust
Linklater, A., The Transformation of Political Community
Archibugi, D., Held, D. and Köhler, M. (eds), Re-imagining Political Community: Studies in Cosmopolitan Democracy     

Eco‐Cultural Networks and the British Empire: New Views on Environmental History

Eco‐Cultural Networks and the British Empire: New Views on Environmental History. Edited by James Beattie, Edward Melillo and Emily O'Gorman (London, New Delhi, New York and Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015), pp. xvi + 323. 20 Illustrations. £65.00 (cloth).     

Natural‐Born Subjects? Race and British Subjecthood in Australia

From the time of European settlement in Australia until 1948, British subjecthood was the preeminent Australian citizenship classification. "Australian citizenship" was only created as a legal category in 1948, and from then until 1984 British subjecthood continued to exist, alongside Australian citizenship, as a kind of parenthetical citizenship status. This article explores the meanings and significance of British subjecthood in Australia, and considers the reasons for its eventual demise. The article argues that the advent of formal (legal) racial equality in Australia for Indigenous people and for immigrant groups (which culminated in 1975 with the passage of the Racial Discrimination Act ), was one significant factor that helped to render obsolete the scenario whereby Australian citizens were deemed also to be British subjects.     

Australian Economic Policy, 1961–1963 in light of the British approach to the EEC

… but the boy cried, wolf once too often, for when one day the wolf really did appear, the boy cried out but no one took any notice … and the wolf gobbled him up.     

“Leavening British Traditions”: Integration Policy in Australia, 1962–1972

During the period 1962–72 integration replaced assimilation as official government policy in dealing with migrants in Australia. Migrants were now encouraged to incorporate themselves into the dominant Anglo‐Celtic society but also to retain elements of their own culture. The policy emerged in response to the unravelling of Britishness and the incremental dismantling of the White Australia policy as the twin pillars of Australian national identity. The “new nationalism”, which stressed a more independent and home grown Australian image, arose as a possible replacement to British race patriotism towards the end of this period. At the same time whiteness was also broken down.