Using Rule 11 Sanctions to Punish Accusers Who Make False Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse in Custody and Divorce Cases

False claims of child sexual abuse negatively affect the accused parent and the child. Such false claims can be used to sway custody determinations and cause frivolous applications to the court. This Note proposes that courts impose sanctions, comparable to those set forth in Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, on litigants who make false claims of child sexual abuse.     

美国离婚后的子女监护制度及其启示

美国关于离婚后子女监护的种类主要有单独监护、分配监护、共同监护和分离监护.就单独监护和共同监护而言,又存在单独身体上的监护、共同身体上的监护、单独法律上的监护和共同法律上的监护的不同.无论适用哪种父母离婚后的监护方式,均应符合子女最佳利益原则.共同监护并非当然符合子女最佳利益.我们应当借鉴美国的子女最佳利益原则以及多种监护方式并存的模式.     

离婚案件的心理调解研究

婚姻法规定离婚案件应当进行调解,但由于离婚案件除了涉及法律问题以外,更多地还会涉及到家庭伦理、情感和道德等问题。鉴于这类案件的特殊性以及法官在知识结构上的局限性,心理学方法的介入应当会从根本上提高离婚案件调解的质量,从而提高该类案件调解的成功率。主要针对当前我国离婚案件调解问题的现状提出诉讼离婚心理调解的概念,论述诉讼离婚心理调解的必要性和可行性。     

监管场所25例非正常死亡的法医学分析

目的通过对监管场所非正常死亡案例进行筛选、收集,分析其影响因素及法医学特点。方法收集某鉴定中心2000—2015年间受理的监管场所在押人员非正常死亡案例25例,从性别、年龄、历年发案数、死亡原因、死亡方式等方面分析其特征,并对公安类监管场所和监狱类场所的案件性质进行对比。结果涉案死者均为男性,中青年人群为高危人群,历年发案数量呈逐年下降趋势。公安类监管场所的伤害案件发生率(64.7%)大于监狱类场所(12.5%),而监狱类场所的自杀率(62.5%)高于公安类(23.5%)。死亡原因以损伤和窒息为主,其他还有中毒和电击等。结论监管场所非正常死亡案件暴露出执法不规范、监管有漏洞、医疗水平差等问题。进行全面、细致的尸体解剖对于查明此类案件的死因有重要意义。     

从经典判例之行为人处置看强制监护治疗

中国司法精神病学研究人员对野兽条例、妄想标准、不可抗拒冲动检验、M＇Naghten规则等关于精神病人刑事责任能力评定标准的典型案例耳熟能详,但对这些案例中的行为人处置却不甚熟悉。介绍这些行为人的最终处置,并结合国内外监护治疗研究现状,对肇祸精神病人的强制监护治疗制度进行探讨。     

High Conflict Divorce,Violence, and Abuse: Implications for Custody and Visitation Decisions

Today, judges are faced with the daunting task of determining the best interests of the child and making appropriate custody awards to that end. The best interests of children becomes a critical question when domestic violence is involved; yet, determining what constitutes domestic violence is often debated. Research is often divided on what constitutes domestic violence. One body of research focuses on conflict, another focuses on domestic violence. What the first group identifies as intense emotional distress and disagreement, the other identifies as abuse. Judges making custody determinations in such cases are faced with the difficult challenge of distinguishing between a divorce with “high conflict” and a domestic violence case with ongoing abuse. This article will summarize the legal, philosophical, and historical understandings of the “high conflict” family and its potential impact on children. It will also provide practical judicial guidelines for making the important distinction between high conflict and domestic violence and subsequently crafting appropriate and safe child custody awards.     

Chapter 10: International Child Custody and Abduction Cases

This chapter will familiarize judges in the U.S. with the state and federal law applicable to international child custody, visitation and abduction disputes. These laws are UCCJA s? 23, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Hague Convention), and the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (ICARA). When a custody order from a foreign country is presented for recognition and enforcement, UCCJA § 23 controls. If notice and opportunity to be heard were given to all affected persons, state courts are to enforce foreign custody decrees. When a petition is filed seeking the prompt return of a child to another country based on allegations that the child's removal or retention was wrongful, the Hague Convention and ICARA govern. If the child's removal or retention is wrongful within the meaning of the Convention, and no exceptions to return are proved, a court in the U.S. must order the child's return forthwith. A return order is not a decision on the merits of custody.     

63例监管场所非暴力性死亡的法医学分析

目的通过收集监管场所非暴力性死亡的案例,分析其法医学特点和相关影响因素。方法收集某鉴定中心2000—2015年间所受理的监管场所在押人员非暴力性死亡案例63例,对其致死性疾病的类型、发病季节、既往病史、临床表现、处理措施及病程进行回顾性分析。结果监管场所因病死亡者以男性居多,高发于中青年人群;主要致死性疾病以心源性死亡居于首位(50.8%),慢性炎性疾病包括胃肠道穿孔、肺结核病、肺炎、肝炎和胰腺炎等数量也较多。夏季是发病高峰,猝然发作的症状为睡眠中急骤发病、突然晕倒,慢性起病的以呕吐、腹痛、乏力、胸闷、气短、发热、纳差等最为常见。结论监管场所的管理制度、监管场所条件、医疗水平和相关知识等仍有改善空间,进行鉴定时需注意健康资料收集、尸体解剖、组织学检查和毒物检验等。     

Divorce, Custody, and Spousal Violence: A Random Sample of Circuit Court Docket Records

The fastest growing marital status category in America is divorced, with the number of divorced individuals quadrupling between 1970 and 1996. The majority of children in divorced families live with a single parent and often lose contact with the noncustodial parent. A recent review of the literature suggests that many noncustodial fathers fail to keep contact with their children and become delinquent in child support payments because of their dissatisfaction with the custody arrangement. However, there has been little examination of how custody arrangements are typically determined or settled. In addition, divorces that involve spousal violence bring further complications to child custody, visitation, and child support decisions. This study included a 20% random sample of court records for all divorces settled in one county judicial circuit court during 1998. The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of divorcing adults as well as characteristics of child custody arrangements, visitation, and child support decisions. Contrary to popular belief, findings from this study indicate that divorce actions were almost always settled through agreement of the divorcing parties rather than by adjudication. About 38% of the couples had children in common and between 78 and 92% of cases were settled through agreement, which suggests that fathers are in fact agreeing to the custody arrangement, rather than being forced into it. About one in five records overall noted spousal violence, and there was no significant difference in settlement methods for couples with or without spousal violence. Cases with children and spousal violence were significantly more likely to have also mentioned substance use and postdecree activity. This study suggests a need for more focused attention on divorce cases with spousal violence to reduce postdecree court involvement and safety of children and adult victims, as well as further study into what causes noncustodial parents to lose contact with their children.     

试论检察机关对监管场所死亡案件的受理

根据有关法律规定,检察机关负责办理监管场所非正常死亡案件。但是,由于对非正常死亡一直没有明确的界定,影响了这一部分的工作。作者通过对9例案件的分析,从检察法医实践的角度进行讨论,对非正常死亡的内涵和条件进行了论证,并以此对有关的规范性法律文件中关于非正常死亡案件的规定阐述了新的理解,认为确定非正常死亡并不能成为检察机关受理案件的前提条件。     

离婚案件审理中法官话语的性别偏向

运用听审记录和访谈资料进行的话语分析,向我们展示了离婚案件审理中法官话语的男性偏向,其深层次原因包括:照顾弱者政策的执行受到女性形象转变的冲击、中国日趋格式化的司法体系缺乏对性别意识和女性话语的关注,以及法官话语性别议题背后的权力配置。通过对这些因素的揭示与分析,希望促进人们对司法领域中失语群体的关注,从而有助于构建更为完善合理的司法体系。     

德国国际私法上的离婚管辖问题

一、引言国际私法中的管辖权是指一个具有涉外因素的民商事案件应该由哪一个国家法院审理,虽然它只是解决一国法院是根据哪些原则或标准来确定是否有权受理某一涉外民商事案件的问题,但因为管辖权的确定直接关系到涉外民商事案件的审理结果,从而直接影响到案件当事人的权利与义     

南非法院对涉外离婚案件管辖权的确定

在1979年的《离婚法》实施前,南非法院主要根据普通法规则来确定对涉外离婚案件的管辖权,即由当事人的住所地法院对离婚诉讼行使管辖。在《离婚法》实施后,根据该法,南非法院可以根据任一方当事人的住所地或通常居所地为由来对涉外离婚诉讼行使管辖。