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Discussed in the paper are thanatologically significant morphological signs in intoxication with some of psychic drugs. It was demonstrated that, in intoxication with azaleptin, phenazepam and aminazin, death comes mostly from affection of the brain including its edema and irreversible severe changes of neurons. In intoxication with tizercin, benzodiazepines and barbiturates, cardiac thanatogenesis as fibrillation of heart chambers combined with foci of myocytolysis. Sodium oxybutyrate brings about vascular collapse with subsequent development of fibrillation of heart chambers and of pulmonary edema. Intoxication with amitriptyline causes naturally necrotic nephrosis entailing uremic pneumonia and edema of the brain and heart. 相似文献
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Hair samples of patients of psychiatry and hair samples of suicide cases were analysed by liquid-chromatography/ionspray-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for antidepressants and neuroleptics. Electrospray ionisation (ESI) with in-source collision induced dissociation (ESI/CID) and tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used for drug and metabolite identification. Mass spectra library searching was performed using an ESI/CID mass spectra library and a MS/MS spectra library. Furthermore, extracted ion chromatograms were used for the detection of N-desmethyl-metabolites, which were also identified by their fragment-ion spectra. Three examples using these methods are shown: The tricyclic antidepressant maprotiline, the selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram and their desmethylmetabolites as well as the neuroleptic pipamperone were detected and identified in hair extracts. For extraction powdered hair was treated by ultrasonication in methanol and solid-phase extraction was used for sample clean-up prior to LC/MS or MS/MS analysis. These examples demonstrate the power of LC/MS and LC/MS/MS for the detection and identification of drugs in hair extracts using full-scan mode and ESI/CID with library searching or using highly selective LC/MS/MS-analysis with library searching or in multiple reaction monitoring mode. 相似文献
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芬氟拉明和苯丙胺类兴奋剂的固相微萃取 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
用固相微萃取技术从血中提取芬氟拉明、苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺。在 70℃条件下用 10 0 μm聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头吸附 15min。重氢甲基苯丙胺作内标 ,采用柱前衍生化的进样方式 ,气质联用仪测定。选择离子m /z2 6 8(芬氟拉明 )、m/z2 40 (苯丙胺 )、m /z2 5 4(甲基苯丙胺 )和m/z2 5 8(重氢甲基苯丙胺 ,内标 )的峰面积比定量。血中检测浓度可达 0 0 1~ 0 0 3μg/g。通过解剖例中芬氟拉明的实际测定 ,证明这是一个从血液中提取分析苯丙胺类衍生物的快速准确的方法 相似文献
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The aim of this work was to study the influence of hair bleaching on the enantiomeric ratios of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), including amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine. Hair specimens from 14 STA users were treated with a commercial bleaching product during 40 min. After alkaline digestion and solid-phase extraction of bleached and non-bleached hair, the STA enantiomers were derivatised with an in-house synthesised chiral reagent, the (2S,4R)-N-heptafluorobutyryl-4-heptafluorobutoyloxy-prolyl chloride. The diastereoisomers were quantified by GC/MS-NCI. The results showed that the concentrations of all enantiomers decreased in bleached hair in comparison with the non-treated hair (median values between 20 and 39%). The enantiomeric ratios of the STA in bleached hair were not significantly different from those determined in non-treated hair. Our findings pointed out that bleaching treatments decrease concentrations of STA in hair without influencing their enantiomeric ratios. 相似文献
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H Tsuchihashi K Nakajima M Nishikawa S Suzuki Y Oka K Otsuki 《Forensic science international》1990,45(1-2):181-189
An accurate and simple screening method of stimulants in human urine using headspace gas chromatography utilizing heat of dissolution of potassium carbonate was developed. A 4.9-g portion of potassium carbonate was put into the vial prior to sending to the field, and a 5-ml aliquot of urine, suspected of containing stimulants and internal standard components was pipetted. After the vial was sealed and shaken by hand, 1 ml of its headspace gas was taken by disposable syringe and injected into the gas chromatograph. A compact gas chromatograph device with flame ionization detector and fused silica capillary column was developed for this experiment. Detection limits of methamphetamine and amphetamine were 1.0 micrograms/ml and 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. 相似文献
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Alaoui IM Menzel ER Farag M Cheng KH Murdock RH 《Forensic science international》2005,152(2-3):215-219
The reaction products of 1,2-indanedione (a new fluorescent fingerprint reagent) with glycine in methanol, at room temperature have been studied using excitation and emission and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) has also been used to determine which compounds are formed. Reaction products were identified using GC/MS as 2-carboxymethyliminoindanone (MW=203 g) and 1,2-di(carboxymethylimino)indane (MW=260 g). Identified compounds show room temperature fluorescence lifetimes of tau(1)=7.69 ns and tau(2)=1.27 ns. It is not clear yet which compound is having fluorescence lifetime of 7.69 ns and which one is showing 1.27 ns. 相似文献
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P Kintz A Tracqui P Mangin A A Lugnier A J Chaumont 《Forensic science international》1989,40(2):153-159
A method is presented for the simultaneous identification and quantification of several CNS stimulants, including amphetamine in plasma and urine by GC/FID using mephentermine as an internal standard. No derivation is necessary and after a single alkaline extraction, GC analysis for the 11 compounds tested is achieved in 23 min. The lower limit of detectability was found to be 4 ng/ml for amphetamine in plasma. This method is sensitive, reproducible, selective and applicable in forensic and clinical toxicological analyses. Toxicological findings, after a fatality involving phendimetrazine are presented as an application of the procedure. 相似文献
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Lindsay Glicksberg PhD Brittany K. Casey PhD Sara K. Dempsey PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(6):2093-2102
Cocaine and methamphetamine remain highly abused drugs in the United States due to their euphoric effects. This study examines classical stimulant casework, defined as cases positive for methamphetamine and/or cocaine, received by the Toxicology Laboratory and the Drug Analysis Laboratory at the Dallas County Southwestern Institute of Forensic Sciences from local law enforcement agencies and/or the Office of the Medical Examiner (OME) between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Methamphetamine positivity increased from 10.4% to 20.3% in the Toxicology Laboratory over the 6 years, whereas cocaine positivity remained relatively stable at approximately 17%. Similarly, in the Drug Analysis Laboratory, the methamphetamine positivity rate changed from 24.8% to 33.2%, whereas cocaine identification remained stable at approximately 20%. Blood concentrations of methamphetamine in OME cases ranged from 10.1–42,740.0 ng/mL while they were lower in DWI casework ranging from 10.2–2385.0 ng/mL. The blood concentration trends of cocaine were similar to methamphetamine, with OME casework ranging higher (10.0–24,501.0 ng/mL) than DWI casework (10.2–371.6 ng/mL). Polydrug use was evident for both methamphetamine and cocaine in postmortem cases, and the top three most frequently co-occurring drug/drug class were opioids/opiates, cannabinoids, and ethanol. The results from this study aid in the understanding of historical usage trends of cocaine and methamphetamine in Dallas County and how those trends have changed over time as newer stimulant drugs have emerged. 相似文献
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Iwata YT Inoue H Kuwayama K Kanamori T Tsujikawa K Miyaguchi H Kishi T 《Forensic science international》2006,161(2-3):92-96
The applicability of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a UV detector using highly sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector was examined for analysis of impurities in seized methamphetamine. Samples of methamphetamine-hydrochloride dissolved in water at a high concentration (20 mg/mL) were analyzed. Electrokinetic injection has an advantage over hydrodynamic injection for improving the detection of trace impurities. Small peaks of the precursor impurities, such as (1R,2S)-(-)-ephedrine and (1S,2S)-(+)-pseudoephedrine, were detected and quantified without extraction. The seized drugs could be classified into three groups based on the contents of the two impurities. 相似文献
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J. Hirvonen M. Jantti H. Syrjala P. Lautala H.K. Akerblom 《Forensic science international》1980,16(3):213-226
Of the fifty-seven cases of cot death studied two-thirds were younger than 3 months, which is also the peak age of infantile hypoglycaemia. Findings from routine necropsy and histology were scarce; in eleven cases they could be regarded as potentially fatal. About half of the infants had had a mild virus-type infection approximately one week before death. Special attention was paid to endocrine pancreas. Insulitis or lymphocytes in the septa were discovered in twelve cases. Hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans was a common observation; the hyperplasia being either nesidioblastosis-like with clusters of islets around ducti, or diffuse. The average proportion of islet tissue in the whole pancreas parenchyma was around 5% in infants aged 1–6 months, the percentage being significantly greater than in age-matched controls (4.3%). The pancreatic insulin content was also higher in the cot death cases. Serum insulin values were low (mean 4.8 ± 1.2 μU/ml) in cot deaths; in the controls they were twice as high (mean 11.6 ± 1.6 μU/ml) (p < 0.005). The cause of death in this group of cot deaths could thus be (congenital?) hyperplasia of the islets, possibly combined with a lesion in the B-cells caused by a virus. The mechanism of death would be hypoglycaemia. 相似文献
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E Ambach W Tributsch D Fuchs G Reibnegger R Henn H Wachter 《Journal of forensic sciences》1991,36(4):1089-1093
Cellular immune response is accompanied by the release of neopterin. Increased neopterin levels in urine and serum are observed in patients during viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and allograft rejections and certain malignant diseases. We investigated postmortem neopterin concentrations in urine and serum samples taken from 32 corpses 3 to 69 h (mean 19.3 h) after death. Urine neopterin concentrations in corpses are similar to those of healthy live controls and are independent of the time after death. In contrast, serum neopterin concentrations are frequently greatly increased in corpses, and the levels are higher in sera collected more than 10 h after death in comparison with samples obtained earlier. Neopterin measurement in urine and serum samples of corpses is feasible. It appears likely that urine neopterin concentrations could aid the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases in corpses. 相似文献
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An extraction and determination method of most important amphetamine derivatives in serum has been developed. The procedure comprises liquid-liquid extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether of the sample under basic conditions, centrifugation, formation of hydrochloric salts after the separation of organic phase, vacuum evaporation of the organic solvent at 60 degrees C, and trifluoroacetylation by on-line flash injection with MBTFA. GC analysis was performed by electron impact GC-MS in SIM mode. In this way satisfactory identification of 12 amphetamine derivatives could be obtained. Amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA and MDEA could be analyzed by using pentadeuterated analogs as internal standards. Low limits of detection 2.5-6.9 ng/mL could be reached. The assay was linear within the 5-100 ng/mL range with a regression coefficient greater than 0.999 for each compound. Our derivatization method is of low cost since only 1 microL of MBTFA is used for each flash trifluoroacetylation. 相似文献
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P Stringer S K Vintiner L I Stowell D G Thomson 《Journal - Forensic Science Society》1992,32(2):101-115
The isoenzymes erythrocyte acid phosphatase and phosphoglucomutase were typed in mixed red cell samples which had been derived from two individuals; the protein group specific component was typed in mixed serum samples. Typing was performed by isoelectric focusing on ultrathin polyacrylamide gels. Depending upon the mixture, from 2 to 20% (but typically 5-10%) by volume of a second blood or serum needed to be present in a mixture before it could be detected. In the majority of cases when there was significant mixing, samples were readily identified as a mixture when the results consisted of unusual band patterns or unusual band intensities. There would be a few instances when blood or serum could not be identified as a mixture when masking effects occurred or when the mixture produced a combined, apparently normal, pattern. 相似文献