4个YSTRs基因座的复合扩增

目的 建立DYS19、DYS389 Ⅰ、DYS389 Ⅱ、DYS385复合扩增体系。方法 遴选Y STRs基因座的引物，分别用FAM、TAMRA、TET标记DYS19、DYS385、DYS389 Ⅰ、DYS389 Ⅱ，优化扩增条件，考察扩增体系的个体识别能力、灵敏度、种属特异性及突变情况。结果 所建立的4基因座Y STRs复合扩增体系分型清晰，单倍型多样性达0.989，且特异性好，灵敏度高(1ng DNA)，未观察到突变。结论 所建立的4个Y STRs基因座复合扩增方法适合法医学应用。     

9个Y-STR基因座荧光复合扩增系统的法医学应用

目的建立9个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增系统,提高Y-STR的法医学检测效能。方法6-FAM标记DYS434、Y-GATA-A10、DYS438、DYS439,HEX标记DYS531、DYS557、DYS448,TAMRA标记DYS456、DYS444引物,PCR复合扩增,毛细管电泳得到结果,考察扩增系统的个体识别能力、灵敏度、特异性、组织同一性。结果所建立的9个Y-STR复合扩增系统分型清晰,单倍型多样性达0.9968,特异性好,灵敏度高(0.5ngDNA),并且在男女混合斑检验上较常染色体STR分型更有优势。结论9个Y-STR复合扩增系统具有较高的识别能力,对建立Y染色体STR数据库,研究群体遗传学和进行法医学混合斑物证鉴定有重要意义。     

武汉汉族群体3个多拷贝Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的提供DYS385、DYS459和DYS464基因座的群体遗传学资料。方法用荧光标记引物及ABI 3100型基因分析仪对武汉地区176名汉族男性无关个体的DYS385、DYS459和DYS464 3个多拷贝Y-STR基因座进行分型。结果在DYS385和DYS459基因座的个体,可观察到1~2个不同长度的扩增产物;DYS464基因座个体,可观察到1~4个不同长度的扩增产物。DYS385基因座检出14个等位基因及47种单倍型,DYS459检出4个等位基因及7种单倍型,DYS464检出9个等位基因及51种单倍型,其单倍型多样性分别为0.9591、0.6047和0.9560。3个基因座构成的联合单倍型共有133种,其多样性值达0.9909。结论3个多拷贝Y-STR基因座均为高多态性的遗传标记,联合应用具有较高的个体分辨能力。     

中国3个群体的DYS385基因座的遗传多态性

<正> DYS385基因座是Y染色体上以GAAA为重复单位的四核苷酸重复序列,目前已发现16种等位基因,重复单位数目为9～24,片段长度大小为360～420 bp,DYS385基因座的一对引物同Y染色体上的两个基因座结合,扩增出片段大小有交叉的两组产物,两组产物连锁组成单倍型。DYS385被认为是Y染色体多态性最好的STR基因座之一,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中具有重要的应用价值[1、2]。本文作者调查了DYS385基因座在中国北方汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨族群体的多态性,现报告如下。     

复合扩增20个Y-STR基因座及其法医学的应用

目的建立20个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系,进行遗传多态性调查,并评价其法医学应用价值。方法采用五色荧光素标记技术,对20个Y-STR基因座(DYS391、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS390、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS438、DYS460、Y GATA H4、DYS456、DYS439、DYS635、DYS448、DYS393、DYS388、DYS437、DYS19、DYS392、DYS458、DYS447、DYS385 a/b)进行复合扩增和毛细管电泳检测;调查辽宁汉族376名无关男性个体20个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性数据;并对系统性能进行检测。结果本文方法同时检测20个Y-STR基因座,在376名个体中共检出376种单倍型,基因多样性在0.371 1～0.969 8之间;方法特异性好,分型结果准确稳定,灵敏度达0.062 5ng,实际案例常见生物检材的检验结果良好。结论20个Y-STR基因座复合扩增检测法可以用于实际案例检验,调查所获数据对建立Y-STR数据库和相关研究和应用具有重要意义。     

29个Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系的建立CSCD

目的建立29个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系,进行遗传多态性调查,并评价其法医学应用价值。方法采用五色荧光标记技术,对29个Y-STR基因座（DYS456、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS437、DYS447、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS438、DYS522、DYS460、DYS458、DYS622、DYS390、DYS392、DYS448、DYS449、DYS391、Y-GATA-H4、DYS388、DYS19、DYS385a/b、DYS527a/b、DYS393、DYS459a/b、DYS635、DYS439、DYS570和DYS627）进行复合扩增和毛细管电泳检测。调查山东汉族2 000名无关男性个体29个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性数据,并对系统性能进行检测。结果本方法同时检测29个Y-STR基因座,在2 000名个体中共检出1 981种单倍型,基因多样性在0.370 0～0.965 4。方法特异性好,分型结果准确稳定,灵敏度达0.05 ng,实际案例常见生物检材的检验结果良好。结论 29个Y-STR基因座复合扩增检测法可以用于实际案例检验,调查所获数据对建立Y-STR数据库的相关研究和应用具有重要意义。     

29个Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系的建立

目的建立29个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系,进行遗传多态性调查,并评价其法医学应用价值。方法采用五色荧光标记技术,对29个Y-STR基因座(DYS456、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS437、DYS447、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS438、DYS522、DYS460、DYS458、DYS622、DYS390、DYS392、DYS448、DYS449、DYS391、Y-GATA-H4、DYS388、DYS19、DYS385a/b、DYS527a/b、DYS393、DYS459a/b、DYS635、DYS439、DYS570和DYS627)进行复合扩增和毛细管电泳检测。调查山东汉族2 000名无关男性个体29个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性数据,并对系统性能进行检测。结果本方法同时检测29个Y-STR基因座,在2 000名个体中共检出1 981种单倍型,基因多样性在0.370 0~0.965 4。方法特异性好,分型结果准确稳定,灵敏度达0.05 ng,实际案例常见生物检材的检验结果良好。结论 29个Y-STR基因座复合扩增检测法可以用于实际案例检验,调查所获数据对建立Y-STR数据库的相关研究和应用具有重要意义。     

24个Y-STR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系的建立

目的构建包含24个Y-STR基因座的荧光标记复合扩增体系。方法选择DYS531、DYS630、DYS622、DYS552、DYS510、DYS449、DYS459a/b、DYS446、DYS443、DYS635、DYS587、DYS527a/b、DYS460、Y-GATA-A10、DYS520、DYS557、DYS522、DYS481、DYS570、DYS385a/b、DYS444 24个Y-STR基因座,构建荧光复合扩增体系。检测该体系的特异性、同一性、灵敏度、扩增均衡性、抗干扰性和准确性,调查其在广东地区人群的基因多样性。结果建立的复合扩增体系在检测的非人类及女性样本中未发现谱带,同一个体不同组织检测结果一致,0.1 ng以上标准品9948可检测获得完整分型结果。常见抑制物中体系内加入120~200μmol/L血红素、1.5~2.0 mmol/L钙离子时出现等位基因丢失,对靛蓝、腐殖酸、EDTA具有较强抗干扰性。通过146例无关个体与Yfiler系统平行检测比对,24 Y-STR检测体系分型准确。广东地区人群单倍型多样性(HD)为0.999 72,优于Yfiler系统(HD=0.998 58)。结论本研究建立的24个Y-STR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系法医学应用前景广阔,可用于案件检验、亲权鉴定与Y-STR数据库建设。     

15个常染色体和18个Y染色体STR基因座复合扩增检测体系及法医学应用

目的建立15个常染色体和18个Y染色体STR基因座以及性别基因座的六色荧光标记复合PCR直扩检测体系,并评估其法医学应用价值。方法采用六色荧光标记技术,建立15个常染色体STR基因座(D3S1358、D13S317、D7S820、D16S539、TPOX、TH01、D2S1338、CSF1PO、D19S433、v WA、D21S11、D18S51、D8S1179、D5S818、FGA)和18个Y染色体STR基因座(DYS527a/b、DYS448、DYS456、DYS385a/b、DYS458、DYS391、DYS390、DYS19、DYS438、DYS393、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS439、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS392、GATA、DYS635)以及Amelogenin的复合扩增体系,收集800份无关人员血样进行基因座检测,评估所建复合扩增体系的稳定性、灵敏度、种属特异性、直扩可行性以及抗抑制性。结果本检测体系对800份无关人员血样复合扩增后,结果准确,灵敏度达0.125ng;种属特异性高;38份案件检材全部准确分型。在对照男性与女性的DNA浓度比值大于等于1:4时,男性DNA的所有基因座均能准确分型。若模板DNA中含一定浓度的已知抑制剂时,所有基因座也均准确分型。结论本文建立的复合扩增检测体系可同时检测15个常染色体和18个Y染色体基因座以及性别基因座,结果稳定准确,灵敏度高,可为法医DNA检测分析提供一个新选择。     

39个Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系的建立及其在法医学上的应用

目的建立39个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系,进行遗传多态性调查,并评价其法医学应用价值。方法采用六色荧光标记技术,对39个Y-STR基因座(DYS426,DYS593,DYS630,YPENTA1,DYS722,DYS617,YPENTA2,DYS443,Y-GATA-A10,DYS561,DYF404S1,DYS464,DYS713,DYS446,DYS607,DYS708,DYS622,DYS707,DYS520,DYS434,DYS505,DYS709,DYS552,DYS510,DYS508,DYS531,DYS459,DYS587,DYF411S1,DYS594和DYF399S1)进行复合扩增和毛细管电泳检测;调查山东汉族1031名无关男性个体39个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性,并对系统性能进行评价。结果本文建立的39个Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系,在1031名个体中共检出1030种单倍型;39个Y-STR基因座基因多样性在0.0982～0.9951之间;方法特异性好,分型结果准确稳定,灵敏度达0.0625ng,实际案例常见生物检材的检验结果良好。结论 39个Y-STR基因座复合扩增检测体系可以用于实际案例检验,弥补现有Y-STR基因座复合扩增检测体系的不足,并可细分家系,调查所获数据对建立Y-STR数据库等相关研究具有重要意义。     

A novel multiplex for simultaneous amplification of 20 Y chromosome STR markers

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay capable of simultaneously amplifying 20 Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) markers has been developed to aid human identity testing and male population studies. These markers include all of the Y STRs that make up the "extended haplotype" used in Europe (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and YCAII) plus additional polymorphic Y STRs (DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS447, DYS448, DYS388, DYS426, GATA A7.1, and GATA H4). Primers for the markers DYS385, DYS389, and YCAII target duplicated regions of the Y chromosome and thus can provide two polymorphic peaks for each respective primer set. This Y STR 20plex, which utilizes 34 different PCR primers, is the first to include a simultaneous amplification of all the markers within the European "minimal" and "extended" haplotypes. Relative primer positions are compared between the newly developed primers described here and previously published ones. Efforts were made to avoid X chromosome homology in the primer design as well as close packing of PCR product size ranges in order to keep all alleles less than 350 bp through careful examination of known allele ranges. Haplotype comparisons between the 20plex and a commercially available kit found excellent agreement across the 76 samples in the Y chromosome consortium panel.     

Characterization of deletions in the DYS385 flanking region and null alleles associated with AZFc microdeletions in Koreans

Eight DYS385 allele size discrepancies and six DYS448 null types were detected among 708 Korean men when results of three in-house multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) systems were compared. The systems included both ordinary and reduced size amplicons. Sequence analysis revealed deletion mutations at two sites upstream of the DYS385 core repeats and deletion of the entire DYS448 locus. At DYS385, allele size differences were one or two repeats and were dependent on the primer set used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Location of the primer target sequence in a flanking region of the STR, distal or proximal to the deletion, determined allele size. Two widely used commercial kits amplify DYS385 so as to include the mutable sites. Arrangement analysis of sequence tagged sites demonstrated that the deletion patterns at DYS448 (and DYS464) were associated with arrangements of the azoospermia factor c gene (AZFc). The DYS448 deletion appears relatively frequent in Asians.     

Population genetics for Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group in Tibet

Y-chromosomal STRs loci were analyzed from a sample of 119 healthy unrelated autochthonous male individuals of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group using a multiplex PCR system. Allele and haplotype frequencies for DYS19, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS438, and DYS439 were determined by the Y-PLEXtrade mark 12 kit. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.3347 (DYS438) to 0.9547 (DYS385a,b). A total of 110 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 104 were unique, while six occurred more than once. The overall haplotype diversity for the Y-STRs loci was 0.9981, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9897. The results in the present study can be used for routine forensic application in the region, and enrich Chinese ethnical genetic informational resources.     

Haplotype analysis of 17 Y-STR loci in a Japanese population

We analyzed 17 Y-STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS438, DYS439, DYS456, DYS458 and DYS464a/b/c/d) in 252 Japanese males using three multiplex PCR typing systems. Two variants were found at DYS385a/b. A total of 244 different haplotypes were observed, of which 239 were found in single individuals. The haplotype diversity for the 17 loci was 0.996.     

Population genetics for Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Korean ethnic group in northeastern China

Y-chromosomal STRs loci were analyzed from a sample of 201 healthy unrelated male individuals of Chinese Korean ethnic group. Allele and haplotype frequencies for DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS388, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439 were determined by the general PCR and silver staining methods. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.4146 (DYS437) to 0.9631 (DYS385a/b). A total of 194 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 188 were unique, while 6 occurred more than once. And the combined haploytpes diversity was 0.9996. The results in the present study can be used for routine forensic application in the region, and enrich Chinese ethnical genetic informational resources.     

Y-chromosome STR system, Y-PLEX 12, for forensic casework: development and validation

The Y-PLEX 12 system, developed for use in human identification, enables simultaneous amplification of eleven polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci, namely DYS392, DYS390, DYS385 a/b, DYS393, DYS389I, DYS391, DYS389II, DYS 19, DYS439 and DYS438, residing on the Y chromosome and Amelogenin. Amelogenin provides results for gender identification and serves as internal control for PCR. The validation studies were performed according to the DNA Advisory Board's (DAB) Quality Assurance Standards. The minimal sensitivity of the Y-PLEX 12 system was 0.1 ng of male DNA. The mean stutter values ranged between 3.76-15.72%. A full male profile was observed in mixture samples containing 0.5 ng of male DNA and up to 400 ng of female DNA. Amelogenin did not adversely affect the amplification of Y-STRs in mixture samples containing male and female DNA. The primers for the Y-STR loci present in Y-PLEX 12 are specific for human DNA and some higher primates. None of the primate samples tested provided a complete profile at all 11 Y-STR loci amplified with the Y-PLEX 12 system. Y-PLEX 12 is a sensitive, valid, reliable, and robust multiplex system for forensic analysis, and it can be used in human forensic and male lineage identification cases.     

High-throughput Y-STR typing of U.S. populations with 27 regions of the Y chromosome using two multiplex PCR assays

Two Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to generate haplotypes for 19 single copy and 3 multi-copy Y-STRs. A total of 27 PCR products were examined in each sample using the following loci: DYS19, DYS385 a/b, DYS388, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS426, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS447, DYS448, DYS450, DYS456, DYS458, DYS460, DYS464 a/b/c/d, H4, and YCAII a/b. The first multiplex is the Y-STR 20plex previously described by Butler et al. [Forensic Sci. Int. 129 (2002) 10]. The second multiplex is a novel Y-STR 11plex and includes DYS385 a/b, DYS447, DYS448 and the new markers DYS450, DYS456, DYS458, and DYS464 a/b/c/d. These two multiplexes were tested on 647 males from three United States population sample sets: 260 African Americans, 244 Caucasians, and 143 Hispanics. Haplotype comparisons between common loci included in the 20plex and 11plex assays as well as commercially available kits found excellent agreement across a sampling of the population samples. The multi-copy loci DYS464, DYS385, and YCAII were the most polymorphic followed by the following single copy Y-STRs: DYS458, DYS390, DYS447, DYS389II, DYS448, and DYS456. Samples containing the most common type in the European database could be well resolved with additional markers beyond the minimal haplotype loci.