软组织挤压伤对大鼠胸主动脉反应性张力的影响

目的 观察大鼠软组织挤压伤后胸主动脉反应性张力的变化,探讨一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)在血管反应性张力变化中的作用.方法 成年SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、挤压后8 h组、挤压后16 h组.制备内皮完整和去内皮离体胸主动脉血管环,首先用离体血管张力检测技术测定内皮完整血管环对苯肾上腺素(phenylep...     

Unexpected sudden death from coronary sinus thrombosis. An unusual complication of central venous catheterization

Coronary sinus thrombosis is an unusual but potentially serious complication of the use of central venous devices. We report a fatal case of coronary sinus thrombosis in relation to a malpositioned central venous catheter. The death occurred very soon following the beginning of symptoms and the cause could not be suspected. Direct trauma of the catheter on the coronary sinus endothelium seems the most probable cause of the thrombosis.     

家兔角膜上皮和内皮细胞DNA含量与PMI关系的图像分析

目的 探讨家兔角膜上皮和内皮细胞DNA含量与PMI的关系。方法 应用计算机图像分析技术,测定105只家兔死后72h内不同时间点家兔角膜上皮和内皮细胞核DNA含量(IOD)的变化值并做统计学分析。结果 家兔死后72h内其角膜上皮细胞和内皮细胞核DNA降解速率与PMI具有显著的相关性,并由此归纳出体现DNA降解趋势的二项式回归方程。结论 应用计算机图像分析技术,测量机体死后角膜内外皮细胞DNA含量变化,将会成为推断PMI精确、客观的新方法。     

早期心肌梗死bFGF的免疫组化研究

采用免疫组化和图像分析与统计学处理方法,对人体早期心肌梗死猝死者心肌中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)的表达进行了研究。结果发现 :心肌梗死组 24例的心肌细胞核以及血管内皮细胞核均为强阳性染色,有些细胞浆也有阳性染色,尤以心肌梗死灶周围区域心肌细胞为甚。可疑梗死组 21例中 17例见心肌细胞核以及血管内皮细胞核为强阳性染色, 4例为弱阳性染色,未见阴性染色。而正常心脏对照组 16例中 3例呈弱阳性染色,其余均为阴性。图像分析与统计学处理结果显示对照组 bFGF阳性指数明显低于心肌梗死组和可疑心肌梗死组（ P< 0.001）,而后两组无显著性差异（ P >0.05）。结果表明 bFGF免疫组化染色可望为早期心肌缺血致猝死的死后诊断提供客观的形态学依据。     

Defects in medical care delivery to patients with lung and breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy

Patients aged 55 and 63 years received extracorporeal 30 and 40 Gy gamma-therapy for lung cancer, respectively. Two and 60 days after irradiation, respectively, the patients developed arrosive pulmonary hemorrhage with lethal outcomes. Forensic medical examination in both cases has detected acute radiation pneumonitis with impairment of pulmonary artery endothelium that provoked hemorrhage. The literature review covers acute and chronic lesions of the lungs in radiotherapy of lung and breast tumors.     

病态窦房结综合征解剖报告一例

<正> 病态窦房结综合征近年来国内报告逐渐增多,但尸检报告尚少,在法医学上对猝死的案例具有重要意义。为进一步提高对本病认识,现将作者遇见1例报告于下,供参考。案例报告案情摘要叶××,男,32岁,农民。某年9月17日上午,酒后大醉,在街上抓东西吃,与人发生争吵、拉扯。午后2时许,叶到乡政府报案时,又与人发生拉扯、倒地,爬起来后到田坝担谷子,担第2趟时自觉不舒服,脸色突变即送往医院,经抢救治疗无效于下午5     

Pathology of peliosis

Peliosis is a pathological entity characterized by the gross appearance of multiple cyst-like, blood-filled cavities within parenchymatous organs. Peliosis has been related to several underlying debilitating illnesses such as tuberculosis, hematological malignancies, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and post-transplant immunodeficiency, as well as intravenous drug abuse, chronic alcoholism, and in conjunction with the intake of oral contraceptives or steroids. The classical pathoanatomical concept is based upon the opinion that peliosis exclusively develops in organs belonging to the mononuclear phagocytic system (liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes). However, a paucity of studies indicates that other organs such as lungs, parathyroid glands, and kidneys may be affected too. Concerning the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of onset and maintenance of peliosis, the morphological data obtained by different investigators suggest that there is more than one path of formal pathogenesis (e.g., congenital malformation of vessels manifesting under altered local intravascular pressure conditions, acquired vascular disorder triggered by toxic noxae, active proliferation of vessels corresponding to the benign end on the spectrum of neoplastic vascular lesions). In the liver, at gross inspection, the peliotic lesions give the cut sections a "swiss cheese" appearance. Microscopically, two different types of peliosis can be distinguished in the liver: (1) "parenchymal peliosis" consisting of irregular cavities that are neither lined by sinusoidal cells nor by fibrous tissue, and (2) "phlebectatic peliosis" characterized by regular, spherical cavities lined by endothelium and/or fibrosis. One of the differential diagnoses that most closely resembles peliosis hepatis is secondary hepatic congestion due to veno-occlusive disease or the Budd-Chiari syndrome. In the spleen, the peliotic lesions may be arranged sporadically, disseminated, or in clusters in an uneven distribution pattern. Histologically, the cavities show frequently well-demarcated margins that may appear focally lined by sinusoidal endothelium, or totally lack a clear cell lining. Differential diagnoses are hemangiomas and involvement of the spleen in hairy-cell leukaemia. Since the disease may culminate in spontaneous rupture of the affected organ and thus may mimic a violent death at autopsy, peliosis is far more than just another morphological curiosity. Awareness of peliosis at autopsy as well as an appreciation for the histopathological changes in less characteristic or advanced cases may become an important issue for both the forensic and clinical pathologist.     

大鼠心肌早期缺血内皮素的表达

为探讨心肌缺血后内皮素在心肌组织内表达的变化。用免疫组化SABC法研究内皮素的表达情况。结果发现缺血60min后 ,缺血区心肌细胞呈局灶性阳性 ;缺血120min后 ,血管平滑肌、内皮细胞及心肌细胞浆均呈阳性着色。对照和缺血30min组心肌组织未见有阳性反应。上述各组HE染色未见明显病理改变。     

浅析外伤性脑梗塞

通过十四例外伤后脑梗塞案例分析,对外伤与脑梗塞的关系进行阐述,认为外伤性脑梗塞的主要原因是脑动脉血栓形成和栓塞。动脉内膜损伤致血栓形成多在四小时后;颅内出血致血管痉挛造成脑血栓多在1至3周之间;外伤致动脉粥样硬化斑块脱落造成栓塞即刻发生,结合年龄大小、有无心血管疾患以及脑梗塞的部位,便可弄清损伤与脑梗塞的关系。     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中iNOS和eNOS表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的观察小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,iNOS和eNOS在损伤区及损伤周边区内的表达及其变化规律。方法小鼠背部制作全层切创,应用免疫组织化学技术观察伤后切创组织中iNOS和eNOS的表达,并和无切创的小鼠作为对照。结果损伤区及损伤周边区细胞,伤后3h的损伤皮肤组织中可见少量的多型核细胞表达iNOS和eNOS,伤后6～24h,大部分浸润的中性粒细胞和单核细胞为iNOS和eNOS阳性。随着时间的延长,iNOS和eNOS阳性细胞以单核细胞和成纤维细胞为主。伤后3hiNOS的阳性细胞比率较低,6h～1d持续性增加并于1d达到最高峰,3～7d维持在一个相对稳定的水平直至伤后10d再次达高峰,10～14d开始下降。eNOS的阳性细胞率在伤后1～3h表达较低,6h～3d持续性增高,并在3d达到最高峰,在其后的5d内保持稳定表达,之后开始下降。而且损伤区及损伤周边区、特别是肉芽组织内的新生血管可见iNOS和eNOS不同强度的表达。结论小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,iNOS和eNOS在损伤周边区内多型核细胞、单核细胞和成纤维细胞中表达,其时序性变化可望用于皮肤损伤时间的推断。     

电击伤组织的超微结构观察

目的 观察电流传导路径上器官、组织的超微结构变化。 方法 对 SD大鼠进行实验性低电压电击。结果 触电部位皮肤的上皮细胞胞浆内基质凝固、膜系统断碎;骨骼肌肌小节出现异常收缩带;心肌的变化也较明显,可见局灶性溶解坏死并出现异常收缩带;电流传导路径上外周血管、神经的改变以血管明显,血管内皮细胞胞浆中出现空泡,中膜平滑肌可见溶解坏死,神经纤维仅见部分髓鞘松解。 结论 电击伤组织的超微结构变化可作为诊断电击死组织学变化的补充,为解决无明显皮肤电损伤的电击死案件提供形态学指标。同时也探讨了电击伤超微结构变化的形成机制。     

FN－Ⅲcs在皮肤切创中的表达与损伤时间关系

目的研究纤维连接蛋白可变剪接片段Ⅲcs在不同损伤时间皮肤中的表达,为早期损伤时间的判定指标提供实验依据.方法DIG标记反意RNA探针,以原位杂交的方法检测大鼠和人体皮肤在损伤早期FNⅢcs表达的变化.结果(1)人体及大鼠皮肤损伤后30min皮肤网状层的毛囊、皮脂腺、血管内皮层中表达FNⅢcs的阳性细胞数开始增多,至伤后6h达到高峰,以后又逐渐减少.(2)人体皮肤FNⅢcs表达的部位与大鼠有明显的差异.结论FNⅢcs的原位检测可望成为判断早期损伤时间的有用指标;为FNⅢcs在创伤修复中的合成方式、部位和作用的研究提供了实验基础.     

Endothelial cell membrane perforation of aorta and pulmonary artery in the electrocution victims

Some electrocution deaths occur without detectable current marks on the skin, making forensic examination to determine the true cause of death more difficult. Because arterial thrombosis was a frequent finding in victims of electrocution, we investigated injury to the endothelium of the aorta and pulmonary artery with a scanning electron microscope in five cases of death known to be caused by electrocution. We found large pores on the surface of endothelial cells of the aorta and pulmonary artery in those who died of electrocution, but no endothelial membrane perforation was found in those who died of cardiac diseases. These findings were present within 12h after death. Therefore, scanning electron microscopic evidence of endothelial perforation in the aorta and pulmonary artery could be a useful marker to identify electrocution for those victims without detectable current marks on the skin.     

Immunohistochemical determination of maternal and child blood groups (ABO) in mature placental tissue

Using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (PAP method), ABO characteristics of mother and child were correctly identified in tissue specimens from 10 mature human placentas. In one case, a weak infantile A reaction was overlooked in the agglutination test but correctly identified by immunohistochemistry. In accordance with the weak expression of ABO characteristics in cord blood, immunohistochemical labeling of infantile erythrocytes with monoclonal and human antibodies, as well as Ulex europeaeus agglutinin I (UEA I), was less pronounced than that of mature erythrocytes. Labeling of the chorionic vessel endothelium, in contrast to that of adult endothelial tissue, was negative with anti-A or anti-B but, regardless of the infantile blood group, pronounced with UEA I. Regular identification of the blood groups was possible in decomposed placental tissue stored at room temperature for 1 week, but not in tissue stored for 2 or more weeks.     

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Accidental Association or Fatal Link?

This case study reports a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with concomitant accidental carbon monoxide (CO) exposure in 32‐year‐old man. Autopsy results indicated an antemortem aspiration of smoke, and a massive SAH was identified as the cause of death. Intriguingly, the carboxyhemoglobin level was 30%, suggesting that CO could have played a specific role. Intracranial hemorrhages following CO exposure in brain areas and tissues such as the basal ganglia, globus pallidus, or white matter are rare, but well characterized, whereas SAH related to CO exposure has not been previously described. In this case report, the possible role of CO, either as a primary cause or as a facilitating factor, in the pathogenesis of SAH is discussed. In particular, we propose the hypothesis that the excessive vasodilating effects produced by CO on the cerebral endothelium results in consequential loss of microvascular integrity.     

Expression patterns of adhesion molecules P-selectin, von Willebrand factor and PECAM-1 in lungs: a comparative study in cases of burn shock and hemorrhagic shock

For comparative examination of the pathological findings in burn shock and hemorrhagic shock, histological and immunohistochemical investigations of the lungs were performed. Histological specimens of 30 cases each were examined by means of immunohistological staining with P-selectin, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and PECAM-1. The results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. There was strong staining for P-selectin (especially in the lumina of the blood vessels) and vWF (especially in the endothelium of medium-sized blood vessels) in the specimens of burn shock fatalities. In cases of rapid death after exposure to fire the strong expression of adhesion molecules, which are mainly responsible for the initial inflammatory reaction of leucocytes and platelets in burn shock, suggests prompt activation of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue. In cases of hemorrhagic shock, this reaction was much less distinct in the early stages. The same is true of the expression of PECAM-1, which was lower in lungs from burn shock fatalities than in those from hemorrhagic shock fatalities. The low expression of PECAM-1 in burn shock is a clue to the migration/diapedesis of leucocytes into the areas of burn damage. In total, the results of the investigation indicate different pathophysiological processes even in the very early stages of burn shock and hemorrhagic shock.     

VEGF在早期心肌梗死死后诊断中的应用

运用免疫组化方法和图像分析与统计学处理系统 ,对人体心脏标本VEGF的表达进行定量研究。结果显示 :心肌梗死组 2 4例心脏标本心肌细胞膜及血管内皮细胞膜均可见棕黄色VEGF强阳性染色 ,有些胞浆也呈阳性 ,尤以心肌梗死灶周围区域心肌细胞为甚 ;在可疑梗死组 2 1例中 ,19例心肌细胞膜及血管内皮细胞膜VEGF强阳性 ,2例为弱阳性 ,未见阴性 ;在正常心脏对照组 16例中 ,仅 1例见心肌细胞膜及血管内皮细胞膜散在棕黄色VEGF弱阳性 ,其余均为阴性。图像分析与统计学处理结果表明 ,对照组VEGF阳性指数 ( 0 3 0± 0 10 )明显低于心肌梗死组 ( 12 46± 3 2 6,P<0 0 1)和可疑梗死组 ( 11 70± 3 5 6,P <0 0 1) ,后两组之间阳性指数无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。提示运用免疫组化染色方法结合图像分析处理技术定量检测心肌局部VEGF的表达可望作为因早期心肌缺血导致心脏性猝死死后诊断较为客观的病理形态学指标之一。     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中α7nAChR表达与损伤时间关系

目的检测皮肤切创愈合过程中α7nAChR的表达及其时间规律性变化。方法建立小鼠皮肤切创模型,应用免疫组织化学技术及Western blot方法检测切创后不同时间段皮肤中α7nAChR的表达。结果免疫组织化学结果显示,对照组α7nAChR表达于表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺、血管内皮及真皮中少数的成纤维细胞;伤后6～12h切创皮肤损伤区及周边区可见少量多核粒细胞和单核细胞表达α7nAChR,1～3d以单核细胞阳性表达为主,5～14d以成纤维细胞为主。α7nAChR阳性细胞率于伤后1d开始升高,伤后7d达最高峰,随后逐渐下降。经Western blot检测显示,对照组及各实验组均有α7nAChR阳性条带,其中伤后7d为α7nAChR表达高峰。结论α7nAChR在小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中呈现一定的时序性变化。     

大鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中ICAM-1及P选择素的表达

目的　探讨细胞间粘附分子 1(ICAM 1)及P选择素的表达变化与损伤时间的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术 ,对实验大鼠不同损伤时间的生前伤 ( 5min～ 7d)及死后伤 ( 5～ 3 0min)皮肤组织中ICAM 1及P选择素的表达变化进行观察。结果　在生前损伤组中 ,ICAM 1最早在伤后 1h ,最迟至伤后 3d在表皮层中呈阳性表达 ;P选择素最早在伤后 10min ,最迟至伤后 5h即在血管内皮细胞中呈阳性表达。此外 ,ICAM 1还在炎症细胞及纤维母细胞中表达 ,且随损伤时间变化而呈规律性变化。在时间段分组 ,ICAM 1在第Ⅰ组 ( 5min～ 1h)中阳性细胞率极低( 0 41± 0 73 % ) ,第Ⅱ组 ( 3h～ 7h)及第Ⅲ组 ( 9h～ 12h)均呈显著性增高 ( 9 79± 3 74% ,2 3 3 3± 1 10 % ) ,至第Ⅳ组 ( 1d)达高峰 ( 3 0 5 8± 2 65 % ) ,其后逐渐减少。ICAM 1及P选择素在死后伤中均呈阴性表达。结论　ICAM 1及P选择素可作为法医学损伤时间判定的有效指标。     

Using Google Scholar to Determine the Most Cited Criminology and Criminal Justice-Related Books

Building on recent research investigating the role of books in the discipline of criminology and criminal justice (C/CJ), this paper uses Google Scholar to identify the most cited books in the field. In particular, the researchers examined the most cited books in four different eras. Prior to1900, the most cited C/CJ-related book was On the Origin of Species. Merton’s Social Theory and Social Structure was the most cited book in the second era (1900–1949). The third era (1950–1999) produced the most cited work in the study, Foucault’s Discipline & Punish. And in the final era (2000 to present), Garland’s Culture of Control was the most cited work. The researchers also sought to determine the most cited books by women and African Americans/Blacks. The most cited book by a female author was Judith Herman’s Trauma and Recovery, and the most cited book by an African American/Black scholar was William Julius Wilson’s The Truly Disadvantaged. The authors conclude by arguing for the continued emphasis on demarcating the “great books” in the discipline.