论加快我国农村文化基础设施建设的对策

近几年我国农村文化基础设施建设虽然取得了一定的成绩,但也存在数量不足、发展不均衡、资金投入不足、管理不善等问题,而政府重视程度不够、管理制度不健全、建设模式单一、管理人才队伍缺乏正是产生上述问题的主要原因。要想加快我国农村文化基础设施建设就必须要强化政府对农村文化基础设施建设重要性的认识,完善农村文化基础设施建设的管理制度,建立多元的农村文化基础设施建设模式,加强农村文化基础设施管理人才队伍建设。     

中国共产党执政文化建设中的问题及对策分析

执政文化是执政党生存与发展的维系和支撑。加强执政文化建设至关重要。中国共产党的执政文化建设已经取得了举世瞩目的成就,但是仍然存在对执政文化重要性的认识不足、组织管理体制不健全、人员队伍素质参差不齐等问题和不足。当前迫切需要针对这些问题制定相应的改善对策和措施。     

云南藏区公共文化服务模式探析

云南藏区公共文化建设不但是政府公共服务均等化的重要内容之一,也是公民文化权利的保障及边疆民族地区社会和谐发展的源泉.云南藏区的民族文化传统及其发展规律有着鲜明的特殊性,在推进公共文化服务的工作中,凸显“三贴近”式的文化产品不足、文化服务供给不足,服务于藏区的公共文化资源总量偏少等问题.还存在着为藏区群众提供的公共文化服务模式针对性不强,部分公共文化产品不能切合藏区广大群众的需求,与云南藏区的文化特点存在一定的差距等问题,探索适合当地特点的公共文化服务模式成为当务之急.     

近年来社会主义和谐文化问题研究综述

目前对于建设“社会主义和谐文化”研究的问题主要集中于：和谐文化的概念、内涵、特征及与先进文化的关系问题；建设和谐文化与构建和谐社会的关系问题；和谐文化建设中如何处理各类文化的关系问题。总的看来，当前对建设“社会主义和谐文化”的研究存在着如下特点：政策宣讲有力，学理研究有待加强；传统和谐文化研究深入，世界其他文化的和谐资源研究不足；一元指导的口号很响，但其和谐资源的理论转化研究不足。     

国家治理视角下的税务文化建设与构想

税务文化与税收文化稍有区别,是个综合性的系统工程,可分为物态文化、行为文化、制度文化和精神文化建设四个层次。以四个层次为重点,对当前税务文化建设中存在的问题与不足进行考察分析,并结合税收征管工作的实际,指出硬件文化建设和软件文化建设的思路和构想。     

加强企业文化建设的几点思考

先进的企业文化是企业发展的动力。充分认识企业文化建设的重要作用,正视当前在企业文化建设中存在的问题和不足,全力建设具有历史传统和时代气息相结合的哈尔滨石化特色企业文化体系,用企业文化引领企业发展和铸魂育人。     

试论反学校文化对学校文化建设的启示

在学校文化建设中,不容忽视学生的反学校文化现象。反学校文化应引起我们反思当前学校文化建设存在的问题及应建设什么样的学校文化。反学校文化折射出学校文化的凝聚力不足,当前学校文化并非是所有学生的"精神家园",新时期学校文化建设应从不同层面建设整合型的学校文化。     

民营企业文化建设问题探讨

当前我国民营企业文化建设虽己取得很大进展,但仍存在重视和投入不足,重形式忽略内涵、强调老板文化忽视职业化文化、制度文化与精神文化失调等问题.提升我国民营企业文化建设水平,需要从民营企业领导者、企业文化建设考核评价机制、建设富有个性的企业文化、企业制度构建等角度加以改进和完善.     

浅议农村社区文化建设存在的问题及对策

农村社区文化建设在推进农村城市化过程中有着举足轻重的作用。目前我国农村社区文化建设存在着政府重视不够、机制不健全、资金投入不足、人才匮乏、农迁居民参与程度低等问题,提出相应措施如下:转变思想,提高对社区文化建设重要性的认识;以人为本,加强农村社区成员的文化教育;着眼传统,形成文化特色。     

加强廉政文化建设的有效路径:完善制度文化

廉政文化建设是我国反腐倡廉工作的重要内容。当前我国廉政文化建设还存在建设主体缺位且未形成合力、建设内容单一、建设途径散乱、建设形式主义严重等不足。其原因有许多方面,其中最主要的是制度存在漏洞。因此,应该通过强化制度意识、完善制度文化、加快制度创新、提高各级党政机关的领导对廉政文化制度化的认识,进一步加强廉政文化建设。     

Manpower planning and development in an organization

Manpower planning has in the past relied too much on the forecasting of manpower requirements in an organization or a society. It should be more concerned with gaining a better understanding of people, and how to develop and match their skills to what organizations or societies require. Employees should be involved in the formulation of manpower policy objectives. Manpower planning involves a ‘stocktaking’ of the workforce and its skills; forecasting the future demand and supply of skills; and diagnostic approach so that adjustments can be made to meet organizational and/or country objectives. The essence of the diagnostic approach is in the understanding of the reasons for any imbalance between the supply of and demand for manpower.     

Institutional Constraints,Managerial Choices,and Conflicts in Public Sector Supply Chains

In this research, we compare the governance mechanisms that public sector managers and private sector managers leverage when responding to conflict in supply chain relationships. We find evidence that public sector managers are more likely than private sector managers to rely on written (formal) contract mechanisms, but that both public and private managers use relational (informal) governance mechanisms to similar extents. We also find that managers from both sectors perceive an improvement to the quality of the exchange relationship when a relational approach is emphasized in managing the conflict. Our research provides an important contribution to our understanding about the actions public managers take in dealing with supply chain conflicts and suggests potential policy alternatives to foster contracting efficiency and effectiveness.     

Understanding Employee Turnover in the Public Sector: Insights from Research on Teacher Mobility

Employee turnover is a key area for public administration research, but one about which there is much still to be learned. Insights from an extensive body of research on employee turnover in a specific area of the public sector—public education—contributes to the understanding of employee mobility in public organizations more generally. The authors present a conceptual framework for understanding employee turnover that is grounded in economic theories of labor supply and demand, which have formed the foundation of many studies of teacher turnover. The main findings of this body of work are documented, noting connections to the literature on public employee turnover, lessons that can be learned, and potential new areas for empirical inquiry for scholars of turnover in the public sector.     

Moving Toward Mixed Service Delivery: The Growth in Schools Run by Non-Governmental Providers in Ten Cities

ABSTRACT

The delivery of public services by a mix of government and non-governmental organizations can offer many public policy benefits. When direct governmental provision has predominated, however, achieving these benefits requires building the supply of non-governmental service providers, which requires understanding how to improve their availability and quality. Integrating the literature on contracting and mixed delivery, this article specifies three categories of supply-building tactics: creating markets, buying smart, and managing markets. We then report on 10 cities that have nurtured the supply of schools run by non-governmental organizations. We find that cities’ supply-building efforts fall along a continuum from passive to active, and they employ some types of tactics (creating markets, buying smart) more than others (managing markets). Differential changes in market share across the cities we studied suggest a relationship between supply-building activities and movement from exclusive governmental provision toward the mixed delivery of schools. These findings suggest hypotheses for future research on governmental efforts to build the supply and capabilities of non-governmental service providers in order to pursue mixed service delivery.     

Toward “hardened” accountability? Analyzing the European Union's hybrid transnational governance in timber and biofuel supply chains

The voluntary/mandatory divide is a constant feature of scholarly debates on corporate accountability for sustainability in global supply chains. A widely held assumption is that the addition of state authority to private transnational governance in global supply chains will “harden” accountability and, thus, promote more sustainable production. The state's ability to set legally binding requirements is expected to coerce companies into complying. The hybridization of private and state authority is seen to strengthen good practice in private authority. This empirical study questions these assumptions based on an analysis of two hybrid governance arrangements for sustainability in global supply chains: the EU's Timber Regulation (EUTR) and Renewable Energy Directive (RED). The results demonstrate that both EUTR and EU-RED yield sector wide efforts of compliance and to this extent can be seen as enhancing accountability in the sense of answerability. At the same time, we find that the policies in both cases are not more demanding, nor enforced strictly, the latter putting into question their potential to coerce companies. Further, a “hardening” of accountability is at least obscured as both EUTR and EU-RED have stripped private authority they employ in their hybrid transnational governance from the need to establish legitimacy with a broader audience. This makes legal compliance and cost-effectiveness the core factor for companies’ efforts to demonstrate compliance. Our findings hence question whether the EUTR and EU-RED have led to “hardened” accountability compared to private transnational governance, and ask for an empirical, more nuanced understanding of what there is to gain or lose from hybridizing private and state authority in transnational governance.     

The evolution of suburban relative housing-unit diversity

The diversity of housing-unit supply in suburban areas has been a central concern for planners and policy makers for at least 50 years. Absence of census cross-tabulation data on housing unit structure-type by unit-size (number of bedrooms), has limited our understanding of the historical and regional evolution of relative suburban housing-unit diversity. I use census microdata to estimate measures of relative housing diversity between cities and suburbs, including the housing-unit portfolio compositions, and availability ratios of diverse housing-unit types. Data are presented for the US, regions, metropolitan areas, and across different time periods. Effects of housing-unit supply on household structure and location are estimated. Results indicate that suburban areas, while growing in terms of the absolute number of diverse housing units constructed, are relatively undersupplying diverse housing units, thereby constraining households’ housing opportunities.     

Can a deportation policy backfire?

Drawing on a model in which utility is derived from consumption and effort (labor supply), we ask how the deportation of a number of undocumented migrants influences the decisions regarding labor supply, consumption, and savings of the remaining undocumented migrants. We assume that the intensity of deportation serves as an indicator to the remaining undocumented migrants when they assess the probability of being deported. We find that a higher rate of deportation induces undocumented migrants to work harder, consume less and, as a result of those responses, to save more. Assuming that the purpose of deportation policy is to reduce the aggregate labor supply of undocumented migrants in order to raise the wages of low-skilled native workers, we conclude that the policy can backfire: an increase in the labor supply of the remaining undocumented migrants can more than offset the reduction in the labor supply arising from the deportation of some undocumented migrants. Simulation shows that if the number of deportations in relation to the size of the undocumented migrant workforce is small, then the combined effect of the reduction in the labor supply of the deportees and the increase in the labor supply of the remaining undocumented migrants can be that the aggregate labor supply of undocumented migrants will increase. It follows that an effective deportation policy has to involve the expulsion of a substantial proportion of the total number of undocumented migrants in the workforce.

     

Foreign corporate accountability: The contested institutionalization of mandatory due diligence in France and Germany

In the recent past, European states have adopted mandatory due diligence (MDD) laws for holding companies accountable for the environmental and human rights impacts of their supply chains. The institutionalization of the international due diligence norm into domestic legislation has, however, been highly contested. Our contribution analyzes the discursive struggles about the meaning of due diligence that have accompanied the institutionalization of MDD in Germany and France. Based on document analysis and legal analysis of laws and law proposals, we identify a state-centric, a market-based, and a polycentric-governance discourse. These discourses are based on fundamentally different understandings of how the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights should be translated into hard law. By outlining these discourses and comparing the related policy preferences, we contribute with a better understanding of different ways in which MDD is institutionalized, with important consequences for the possibilities to enhance corporate accountability in global supply chains.     

Some possible directions for research on multifamily housing

Abstract

The combination of a growing demand for information and a literature that has not emphasized multifamily housing has produced an information gap in multifamily housing research. This article seeks to shed light on the areas in which the information gap is widest and to put forth a research agenda for the study of multifamily housing. The article starts from a definition of multifamily housing that includes all rental housing in structures with five or more units, and it goes on to develop a more precise definition. Next the various components of the market for multifamily housing are discussed. These include the demand and supply of multifamily housing and its sources of financing. The discussion examines each of these components with an eye toward identifying questions and issues in need of further study. Data needed for further research are the subject of the sixth section. The final section highlights questions of particular interest to public policy makers.

Because of the lack of information about multifamily properties, the list of possible research questions is long. A better understanding is needed of how multifamily housing markets operate—for example, what factors influence the supply of multifamily housing and how it is financed. There is also a need to examine specific public policy issues, including the impact of tax policy on residential rents, ways of detecting financial distress in federally insured multifamily properties, and the performance of nonprofit organizations in delivering and maintaining affordable multifamily housing. Recently released data from the 1991 Survey of Residential Finance, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's planned 1995 Landlord Survey, and the newly founded Multifamily Housing Institute could play key roles in studying these questions.     

The Revised German Raw Materials Strategy in the Light of Global Political and Market Developments

Raw material markets have proven to be challenging in recent years. The so‐called critical raw materials (CRMs), which are required for green technology, have particularly high environmental and supply risks. The revised German raw materials strategy attempts to address challenges of production and supply of CRMs and other mineral‐based raw materials. This contribution analyzes the motivation, measures, goals, and challenges of the German raw materials strategy in the light of global economic and political developments, applying the qualitative method GABEK®. Results show that the revised strategy is more ambitious and reaches farther than the initial strategy of 2010. Challenges that remain include the lack of willingness of the German industry to engage in mine production and the more pro‐active political approaches demonstrated elsewhere. As all major economic powerhouses outside of Europe pursue a hands‐on approach, it remains questionable if the revised German raw materials strategy will fundamentally be able to sustainably secure raw material supply for the German industry.