The Right to Gender Recognition before the Colombian Constitutional Court: A Queer and Travesti Theory Analysis

This article discusses the case-law on gender recognition of the Colombian Constitutional Court. It argues that the Court, paying attention to queer and trans theory and to the demands of trans activists, has interpreted mainstream constitutional rights in such a way that trans people can have their self-defined identities recognised. The article criticises the limitations of this case-law, which still does not explicitly include non-binary and gender fluid people. On the other hand, it highlights that the Court's doctrine has the potential to challenge both the gender binary and the very category of ‘sex’ or ‘gender’ in the law.     

Driving Dangerously: Law,Culture and Driving Habits in Iran

Iran has the highest rate of road traffic accidents (RTAs) worldwide. Iranian studies of the growing levels of RTAs are often conducted by medical doctors, who view them in light of the increase in the production and ownership of cars and the changed lifestyle of many Iranians, and discuss them in terms of pathology, morbidity and epidemiology. This article argues that although the high levels of RTAs in Iran are new and reflective of the changing character of Iranian society, the habit of reckless driving is not. Using open and semi-structured interviews, it explores how Iranians describe their driving habits and experience RTAs. Placing the results of the interviews in the historical context of Iranian society, the article goes on to examine driving as a form of behaviour with legal and cultural dimensions indicative of how Iranians interact with each other and with the normative structures of the legal system, the state and society to create a form of social order. Being mediated through the use of automobiles, driving habits also throw light on how Iranians relate themselves to an aspect of modern technology. Thus, this study will treat Iranians' driving habits as an empirical manifestation of one aspect of their legal culture, which is mediated through the technology of the automobile.     

Pathways to Karlsruhe: A Sequence Analysis of the Careers of German Federal Constitutional Court Judges

Judges of the German Federal Constitutional Court can be seen as both judicial and political elites. Yet up to now there is no systematic work on the Court's' judges and especially their careers prior to their appointments. Using sequence analysis, this article identifies four relatively distinct clusters of career characteristics: academia, administration (and administrative courts), ordinary jurisdiction and politics. Judges whose career background is limited to the judicial sphere mostly advance from a level below the Länder to the Länder and then on to the federal level, while those with a background in politics or administration switch less often among them. Furthermore, little evidence was found to suggest that differences in the judges' career paths can be explained by reference to the body that elected them (Bundestag or Bundesrat) or the party that nominated them (CDU/CSU or SPD). The article also illustrates the possibilities of sequence analysis for elite studies.     

The Development of leisure in Iran: The experience of the twentieth century

Workers’ Self‐Management in Algeria by Ian Clegg. London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press, 1971. Pp. 249; £3·25.

The Revival of Greek Thought by G. P. Henderson. London: Chatto &; Windus, 1971. Pp. vx + 216; £3·50.

Ha‐Pe'iluth Has‐Siyyonith Be'iraq (Zionist Activity in Iraq) by Hayyim Y. Cohen. Jerusalem: Has‐Sifriyyah Has‐Siyyonith, 1969 Pp.274.

Coup d‐Etat: A Practical Handbook by Edward Luttwak. London: Penguin

Books Ltd., 1971. Pp. 205, appendices, index; £0·30.

Politics and Government in Turkey by C. H. Dodd. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969. Pp. xvi + 335; £3·25.

Lyautey in Morocco by Alan Scham. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1970. Pp. xi + 272; £4.20, $8.75.

The Second Arab Awakening by Jon Kimche. London: Thames and Hudson, 1970. Pp. 288; £2·10.