地方工会“以上代下”与基层工会“瘦身减负” —— 近 40 年来中国工会改革的趋势与特点

中国工会为适应改革开放以来政治经济环境的变化,先后进行过四次比较系统的改革,在这一过程中,中国工会明确了自身作为职工权益的代表者和维护者的角色,其职责结构也从以往以生产为中心,向维护和服务职工转变,在履行职责的方式上,既借鉴国际经验,但更强调要回归和发展本土化的党政主导的社会化维护和服务模式。此外,地方工会与基层工会在职责结构上逐渐呈现出分化趋势,基层工会在职责上将趋于"瘦身减负",地方工会则"以上代下",通过整合各种资源来履行基层工会难以履行的维护和服务职责。     

Labor against the Law: Unions Confront the Courts in the New Economy South

As deindustrialization accelerated in the American south in the late twentieth century, workers were drawn increasingly into the low-wage service sector. The challenge facing unions was to organize unskilled workers in the hotels and grocery stores of this historically anti-union region. Despite a hostile political climate, employees in Hampton Roads, Virginia responded positively to this effort. In a dramatic union certification campaign in the early 1990s, the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) confronted a company determined to thwart resistance in the workplace. When the UFCW challenged the dubious results of the election, the company took them to court. There, the Bonnie Be-Lo Company found comfort in a legal system that privileged the claims of ownership over collective self-determination. The struggle in Hampton Roads illustrated the legal obstacles that faced organized labor in the south and in the nation at large. In fact, the southern way was quickly becoming the national way.     

在生命的斜坡上求共识求共进--试论国企改革进程中的工会工作原则

国有企业改革现状如同处在生命斜坡上,表现为管理体制上的四大交织和竞争的三大压力.面对国企改革的现实,工会应当坚持理权原则、目标原则、匹配性原则、程序原则和人本主义原则.     

浅谈街道乡镇工会工作的思路创新与能力建设

随着市场经济的发展,街道乡镇辖区的经济规模不断扩大,职工队伍逐渐发展壮大,街道乡镇已成为经济社会发展的重要基础和劳动关系矛盾的"前沿阵地"。建设和谐社区村镇是构建社会主义的基础,街道乡镇是构建和谐社会承上启下的关键环节。充分发挥工会在组织群众、教育群众,协调劳动关系、化解社会矛盾、解决社会冲突等方面特有优势,推动街道乡镇开展构建和谐劳动关系的工作,是新时期做好工会工作的重要内容。     

Race,Class, Space,and Memory at Wo-Chi-Ca: A Look at Radical Leftist Summer Camping

Summer camping is a common experience for many young people in the United States. From the 1920s–1950s many young people, both Black and White attended summer residential camps together. These leftist interracial camps flourished in the eastern part of the United States, with support from labor unions and the communist party. Eventually, social pressure and the red scare closed most of these camps. This historical case study describes the history and practice of one of these camps, Wo-Chi-Ca in New York. Bringing together primary data, interview data of past residents and staff, and secondary data about the camp, this study describes how the camps were created, what it was like to attend the camps, and the social and economic forces that eventually led to their closure.     

关于沃尔玛工会状况的调查及政策建议

沃尔玛建立工会是第一步,其巩固和发展需要各个方面的关注和努力。了解沃尔玛建立工会组织的过程,以及建会后工会工作运行的情况,对有关各级工会进一步加强对沃尔玛工会的具体指导,从多方面入手确保其稳固和较好地发挥作用有着重要意义。     

探索基层工会工作的途径与方法

新形势下高校基层工会工作大有可为,责任重大。要发挥工会作用,一要主动争取党政领导的支持和各方面的配合;二要紧紧围绕单位的中心工作;三要积极参政议政;四要组织文体活动激发职工工作热情;五要工会干部自身必须具备无私奉献精神。     

夯实工会工作基础加强基层工会建设

"组织起来,切实维权"是夯实工会工作基础,加强基层工会建设的基础工程.夯实基础要从工会小组入手,小组建设是工会这座大厦的根基.基层工会工作是工会的基础,职工群众在基层,只有做好基层工会工作,工会大厦的基础才牢固,工会才能真正成为职工群众依赖的组织,以激发工会活力,推动全面工作的创新和发展.     

论澳门雇员职业安全健康意识与职业意外的关系

职业意外不仅对雇员的身体健康和生命安全造成直接威胁,而且还会严重影响发生职业意外雇员的家庭生活.为防止职业意外的发生,政府应在依法进行监管,提高雇主的重视程度,在确保工作场所安全的基础上,还应提高雇员的职业安全意识.     

新时代中国工会学理论创新需要厘清的基本概念：工人阶级和中国工会

厘清基本概念是学科研究的重要基础。深化新时代中国工会学理论研究和创新,必须深入马克思主义理论源头,结合中国革命、建设和改革的发展历程以及《中国工会章程》的历史演变,科学把握“工人阶级”和“中国工会”这两个基本概念。在马克思和恩格斯的语境中,工人阶级是主要靠劳动收入获得生活资料来源的社会阶级,承担着自身解放和人类解放的历史使命。中国工会作为党领导下的职工群众组织,把党的中心任务作为中国工人运动的主题和方向。基于这两个基本概念,围绕“什么是工人阶级、什么是工会”“什么是中国工人阶级,什么是中国工会”“中国工会干什么”“中国工会怎样干”“中国工会如何发展”这五个问题,推进工会学话语体系和学科体系建设,是新时代工会学研究的重要路径选择。     

创建学习型、服务型、创新型工会组织

要以改革创新精神不断加强工会自身建设,着眼于把工会建设成为学习型、服务型、创新型组织,核心是服务,前提是学习,动力是创新。工会干部要树立大局意识、责任意识和群众意识,在发挥组织职工、引导职工、服务职工、维护职工合法权益作用中体现新作为、展现新风貌。     

关于工会工作方式存在的问题及对策研究

工会组织要代表和维护职工利益必须采取群众化的工作方式,但工会存在的机关化和行政化工作方式严重的制约着工会作用的发挥。为此,工会必须实现工作方式上的转变,实现工会工作方式的群众化,把工会建设成为能切实代表和维护会员和职工群众利益的工人阶级群众组织。     

对当今工会直属企事业发展战略的思考

当前,研究探讨工会直属企事业发展战略问题非常迫切,应强化"机遇重要、挑战难求"的战略发展意识,明确"向党负责、姓工为民"的战略工作方针,确立"创造和谐、拳头维权"的战略地位作用,制定"立足全国、面向世界"的战略政策法规,选择"创意不凡、崛起有望"的战略重点热点,培养"引领市场、赢得未来"的战略人才队伍,建立"优势互补、善夺品牌"的战略体制机制,践行"灵活运作、营销适度"的战略结构模式,打造"以人为本、严而有序"的战略管理框架,创造"推动改革、推进历史"的战略集团价值。     

Labour flexibility in export horticulture: a case study of northeast Brazilian grape production

This article analyses the nature and extent of labour flexibility, defined as lack of permanent and secure employment contracts, within an emerging export horticulture sector in northeast Brazil. Whilst much has been written about flexible employment systems in agriculture, it is important to show exactly why, how, and to what extent these systems are flexible, and conversely, what kinds of strategies and practices are available to workers to ameliorate their conditions within such systems. This article illustrates how a combination of processes – farms' ability to produce two harvests per annum, northern retailers' increasing demands for product quality, employers' requirements for relatively skilled labour, and workers' ability to organise and extract concessions from employers – contribute, within the conditions of the São Francisco valley, to specific labour regimes and forms of labour flexibility.     

工会与农民工职业健康权益维护

近年来频频发生的农民工职业病危害事件使得如何维护农民工的职业健康权益问题再次成为各界关注的焦点,而在这些事件中工会作用缺失也再次引发了人们对于工会作用的质疑.我国的法律法规早已明确规定了工会在职工,包括农民工职业健康权益维护中的作用,工会的自身性质也决定了它应当成为农民工职业健康权益维护的代言人.但如何确保这一作用的有...     

浅议工会在劳动争议处理中的地位和作用

在劳动争议处理过程中,工会具有十分重要的地位,起着任何个人和组织无法替代的作用。工会应当参与劳动争议处理,履行维护职工合法权益的基本职责,促进劳动关系的和谐和社会的稳定。     

Merging with the metals: an analysis of the role micro-political relationships played in the merger of the Printing and Kindred Industries Union with the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union

ABSTRACT

In the spring of 1987, the Printing and Kindred Industries Union (PKIU), Federal Executive Committee, reluctantly concluded that membership decline and the resultant fall in income meant that the union needed to find an amalgamation partner. In common with many Australian unions, which felt similarly compelled to merge, there was initially a lack of consensus over a preferred merger partner. In most other unions these disagreements were eventually resolved, an amalgamation deal negotiated, and membership endorsement of the merger secured. This was not the case in the PKIU. Instead the union remained in intense internal conflict, throughout the seven-year amalgamation process. Scholars have suggested that the PKIU’s amalgamation fissures were caused by political, economic, industrial and institutional disagreements. Other authors have gone further and argue that dramatic shifts in the PKIU’s and other unions amalgamation policies, during the 1980s and 1990s, were the result of alterations in the strengths of different internal political factions, or the rejection of a union’s merger policy by the membership. This article, while accepting that political, economic, industrial and institutional factors all influenced the PKIU’s internal debate, puts forward an alternative hypothesis. It asserts that micro-political factors, specifically personal animosities, friendships and loyalties, played a significant role in determining the eventual choice of an amalgamation partner, and the contrasting results of its two merger ballots.     

A successful union in an era of decline: interrogating the growth of the Service Employees International Union, 1980-1995

ABSTRACT

Between 1980 and 1995, while John Sweeney was president, the membership of the Service Employees International Union rose from around 600,000 to over 1.1 million. It continued to increase after 1995, making the SEIU the largest and fastest-growing union in the country. This growth was remarkable because it occurred at a terrible time for unions, one where the overwhelming emphasis – in both the media and academic scholarship – was on labor’s decline. While scholars have noted the SEIU’s growth, there has been little sustained analysis of how it was achieved. Existing accounts also posit growth largely as a reflection of the union’s organizing prowess. Drawing on the SEIU’s papers and interviews, this article argues that the union’s growth under Sweeney did reflect its commitment to organizing. At the same time, the article makes a fresh contribution by showing that the SEIU also grew because of lesser-known factors, including the affiliation of independent unions and legislative advances in public sector rights. The SEIU also benefited from operating in a growing sector of the economy, where low-paid workers needed unions. These conclusions are developed through analysis of “flagship” drives at Beverly Nursing homes, Blue Cross/Blue Shield, and the high-profile “Justice for Janitors” campaign.     

A nexus between labour movement and labour movement: the Knights of Labor and the financial side of global labour history

The rise of global and transnational labour history has revolutionised the study of working-class movements and individuals and the global forces that shaped them. Some of the more mundane considerations of these movements, however, have so far been neglected in this rapidly growing field. One of the most important of these considerations was money, or in other words the financial affairs of transnational movements such as trade unions and political parties. This article is a call to write the financial side of global labour history. It focuses on a global working-class movement that is itself often neglected in the historical literature, the Knights of Labor, and their outposts in Britain and Ireland. It examines the history of the British and Irish Knights through the prism of their financial history, so far as we can reconstruct it from the scanty sources that are available. This article argues that their financial ties with the United States and a series of embezzlement cases became major causes of their decline and, ultimately, their dissolution. Finally, this article draws conclusions from the financial misadventures of the British and Irish Knights of Labor that are relevant to the study of other international working-class movements and to the writing of global labour history in general.     

Toxicity in the Details: The History of the Women's Office Worker Movement and Occupational Health in the Late-Capitalist Office

In the early years of the twentieth century Japanese employers, like their counterparts in the various Western countries, experimented with programs of firm-based social welfare and social insurance, often collectively identified as welfare capitalism. This essay examines these programs, focusing on those operated by the national railroad system. It argues that these programs were neither a distinctive emanation of traditional values nor simply a result of mimicry of Western-inspired programs. They were instead an instance of a global effort by employers everywhere to cope with rapidly changing conditions and the challenges of modern economic development. The essay also argues that these Japanese programs, like those in Western countries, influenced and helped to set the parameters of state-based health and welfare systems that emerged in the first half of the century.