Passive revolution meets peasant revolution: Indian nationalism and the Telangana revolt

An explanation of how the struggles by villagers in the region of Telangana in the 1940s evolved into the largest rural armed conflict in twentieth‐century India, requires an understanding not just of property relations in the region (the focus of most previous studies of the revolt), but also of the nationalist movement there, and the political conjuncture at the time of Indian independence. As much a nationalist mobilization as a revolt over land and grain, the Telangana struggle attained its success because the enemy was a decrepit sultanate ‐ the princely state of Hyderabad attempting to remain outside an independent India — against whom followers of both the CPI and the Indian National Congress fought.     

Peasant involvement in the Cuban revolution

Existing explanations of peasant involvement in the Cuban revolution emphasise such social‐psychological factors as the peasants’ purported ‘land hunger’. An alternative explanation focuses on the meshing of a localised landlord/squatter conflict with a state/guerrilla conflict. The case‐study lends further evidence to the contention that explanations relying on social organisational factors, rather than state of mind factors, are better able to account for why people become involved in social movements.     

Chinese migrant factory workers across four decades: shifts in work conditions,urbanization, and family strategies

ABSTRACT

Today about 90 million urban Chinese factory workers are migrant workers from the countryside, comprising the largest and most rapidly expanded industrial working class in history. Before the mid-2000s, these workers from the countryside were employed only temporarily in factories, and almost all were young, very poorly paid and exploited. But as labor shortages have developed and as restrictions against residing in China’s cities have relaxed, they are not as vulnerable as they were in previous decades. More of them are older, married, and have children, and many of them would like to settle on a permanent basis near their workplace with their families. Drawing on three decades of on-site interview research up through November 2018, the authors examine the changes that have occurred and the obstacles – such as the remaining difficulty of obtaining an affordable urban education for their children – that still stand in the way of migrant Chinese families remaining intact and settling permanently in urban areas. As a means of conceptualizing the implications of the shifts in migrant workers’ circumstances, especially for work relations and labor disputes, their evolving situation will be analyzed through the paradigm of Albert O. Hirschman’s concept of Exit vs. Voice.     

Rural impasse in Asia: With and without revolution

Jan Breman, Control of Land and Labour in Colonial Java: A Case of Agrarian Crisis and Reform in the Region of Cirebon during the First Decades of the 20th Century, Verhandelingen of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology (Leiden), No. 101, Dordrecht, 1983. Pp.xi + 159; F1.40,‐.

William Hinton, Shenfan: The Continuing Revolution in a Chinese Village, New York: Random House, 1983. Pp.xxxiv + 785; $25 (cloth); London: Secker & Warburg, 1983. Pp.xxxix + 785; £25 (cloth); £15.95 (paperback)

In this review article, two books are considered: Jan Breman's Control of Land and Labour in Colonial Java and William Hinton's Shenfan: The Continuing Revolution in a Chinese Village. They are taken as exemplary discussions of some basic problems faced by densely populated areas in Asia. Indonesia reveals how futile agrarian reforms are where the basic social, political and economic structures are kept intact; China teaches us that even where successful social revolution has taken place the problems remain formidable.     

A project for research on the peasant revolution of our time

Up to the present my work has centred on economic aspects of the peasantry. Starting from an analysis of the nature of collective farms (kolkhoz), which I found to consist of peasant agricultural units agglomerated rather than really structured, I was led to the study of peasant economy itself: its internal organisation, its specific rationality, its relations with the surrounding economy. The results of my enquiries brought home to me, on the one hand, the capacity of the peasant unit to adapt to the different economic systems in which it exists, and on the other hand, the pervasive stamp the peasantry impresses upon these systems. Accordingly, I believe it would be valuable at this point to study the consequences of the peasant imprint in the social and political as well as economic spheres, particularly in the socialist countries. Of course I myself could undertake only a small part of the research programme sketched in the following pages.     

The purest flame of the revolution: working class youth and left wing radicalism in Germany and Italy during the Great War

During the First World War, youth groups all over Europe went through a period of radicalisation that would later make them an important part of the international communist movement during the interwar years. This article describes the development of the socialist youth movements in Germany and Italy, comparing their organisation, practices and their relations to both the adult labour movement and the state. Though the two groups existed within very different political contexts, the article shows how they both allied themselves with the extreme left of the movement. Also, this radicalism was in both countries explicitly connected to the concept of youth as the vanguard of the revolution.     

The agroecological revolution in Latin America: rescuing nature,ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants

This paper provides an overview of what we call ‘agroecological revolution’ in Latin America. As the expansion of agroexports and biofuels continues unfolding in Latin America and warming the planet, the concepts of food sovereignty and agroecology-based agricultural production gain increasing attention. New approaches and technologies involving the application of blended agroecological science and indigenous knowledge systems are being spearheaded by a significant number of peasants, NGOs and some government and academic institutions, and they are proving to enhance food security while conserving natural resources, and empowering local, regional and national peasant organizations and movements. An assessment of various grassroots initiatives in Latin America reveals that the application of the agroecological paradigm can bring significant environmental, economic and political benefits to small farmers and rural communities as well as urban populations in the region. The trajectory of the agroecological movements in Brazil, the Andean region, Mexico, Central America and Cuba and their potential to promote broad-based and sustainable agrarian and social change is briefly presented and examined. We argue that an emerging threefold ‘agroecological revolution’, namely, epistemological, technical and social, is creating new and unexpected changes directed at restoring local self-reliance, conserving and regenerating natural resource agrobiodiversity, producing healthy foods with low inputs, and empowering peasant organizations. These changes directly challenge neoliberal modernization policies based on agribusiness and agroexports while opening new political roads for Latin American agrarian societies.     

Why the revolution doesn't solve everything: What we can learn from the economics of ‘real’ socialism

In this paper I shall review some of the theoretical obstacles which the classical Marxist analysis of women's subordination placed in the path of the socialist movement when it attempted to solve the question of women's inequality in practice. I will also show how the particular path of socialist construction that the Eastern European countries chose helped to perpetuate the traditional division of roles between men and women and to create a chain reaction which appears to be impervious to the demands of ideology.     

浅谈新世纪图书馆管理的发展方向

2 1世纪对图书馆的管理工作提出了新的要求。建立适合中国国情的图书馆管理体系 ,形成权责利相统一 ,办事高效、运行协调、科学的监督约束机制 ;调整图书馆的资源建设方式 ;优化人才结构 ,提高图书馆员素质 ,是图书馆管理今后发展的趋势     

浅论管理工作的创新

管理工作的创新 ,是指管理要以新的思路、新的理论、新的观念和新的方法实现管理活动中各要素的创造性组合。管理工作创新的特殊性由管理的本质所决定 ,受内在动因及外在动因的驱使。现代管理工作的创新 ,包括了思想创新、组织创新、制度创新、技术创新、管理方式创新等诸方面的创新 ,是管理思想、管理行为和管理成效的统一。     

我国上市公司独立董事"独立性"的研究

"独立性"是独立董事制度的"基石和灵魂"。但我国的上市公司由于股权结构不合理等因素,造成了这种独立性在实际中的缺位。本文以独立董事独立性的基本标准为研究起点,分析影响我国上市公司独立董事独立性的主要原因,提出了从确定独立性的标准为出发点,建立包括完善独立董事选拔机制以及合理的薪酬制度等措施来提高我国上市公司独立董事的独立性。