同母异父姐妹10个X-STR有相同等位基因1例

1案例资料 1.1样本及检验方法 被鉴定人为两位女士（S1和S2）及其父亲（F2）,要求鉴定两位女士是否为姐妹关系。X-STR分型按文献[1]方法进行,常染色体STR分型使用PowerPlex 16 System试剂盒。用软件Merlin[2]计算同胞或半同胞指数。     

不同商品化试剂盒STR分型异常的2例分析

<正>近年来,随着STR技术在法庭科学的广泛应用,各家公司均纷纷推出各种STR荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒,在使用不同试剂盒过程中出现分型差异的现象也越来越引起法庭工作者的重视。本文对日常检案中采用不同的试剂盒遇到的STR基因座分型差异的样本,进行克隆测序,对基因座分型差异的成因进行分析探究,现报告如下。1材料和方法1.1样本2份血滤纸样本,均为本实验室日常积累。1.2 STR分型方法     

ABO基因分型与多重STR联合检测在法医学中的应用

目的建立ABO基因型和Goldeneye16A试剂盒联合检测的方法,并评价其在法医学实践中的应用价值。方法将6种ABO基因型(A/A,A/O,B/B,B/O,A/B,O/O)的序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)检测方法与Goldeneye16A试剂盒相整合进行同步分型。通过对460份男性个体血痕样本、9947A DNA及90份案件样本进行检测,考察方法的一致性、灵敏度及对法庭科学检材的适用性。结果应用本文方法可同时检出6种ABO基因型和15个常染色体STR基因座及性别决定基因座,检测灵敏度为125pg,其中ABO基因检测灵敏度达63pg。460份男性血痕和90份案件检材证实该联合分型方法用于各类检材结果准确、稳定。结论本文ABO基因分型与多重STR联合检测方法,适用于各类含有核细胞的生物检材,在法庭科学DNA鉴定中有较好的应用前景。     

山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的调查山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的群体遗传学资料,为亲权鉴定提供遗传学数据。方法采用GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒对山东汉族人群中205例无关个体进行基因分型,得到19个STR基因座的等位基因频率及群体遗传学参数。对Identifile一、SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16和GoldeneyeTM20A4个试剂盒进行比较,并对l例特殊的亲子鉴定案件进行分析。结果获得山东汉族人群19个STR基因座的群体遗传学参数。累积个体识别率（CDP）及累积非父排除率（CPE）从高到低分别为GoldeneyeTM20A、SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16、IdentifilerTM试剂盒。对实际案件进行分析．作为二联体,IdentifilerTM试剂盒无被排除基因座,而SinoFilerTM、PowerPlex16和GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒均不能排除父子关系。结论与IdentifilerTM、SinoFilerYn和PowerPlex163种试剂盒进行比较．GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒效能更高．但不能完全满足二联体鉴定的要求。     

微量DNA的短串联重复序列分型可行性

目的了解微量DNA分型的法医学应用的可行性。方法一系列浓度的DNA模板用PowerPlexTM16System试剂盒扩增,并用ABI377DNA测序仪进行短串联重复序列(STR)的分型。结果当模板量小于250pg时,部分位点发生了等位基因漏扩,并出现非特异带、杂合子扩增不平衡等干扰分型的杂峰。结论上述这些不正常的现象可能会导致分型错误。在对微量检材的DNA检验结果进行判型时一定要小心谨慎,全面考虑。     

基于重组质粒制备STR分型阳性参照物

目的基于重组质粒制备可用于校准法医STR分型的阳性参照物。方法以常用阳性参照物9948人类基因组DNA STR分型为依据,基于重组质粒构建包含CSF1PO、D7S820、TH01等40个常染色体位点,DYS391、DYS522、DYS385a/b等22个Y染色体位点以及性别判定基因座Amelogenin的STR分型阳性参照物。将重组质粒定量、稀释后等比例混合,分别应用于DNATyper~?19、DNATyper~?24、DNATyper~?Y、Amp F?STR~?Identifiler~?Plus以及Power Plex~?18D System五种扩增试剂盒。结果阳性参照物中各重组质粒浓度为0.01pg/μL~0.001pg/μL;应用于Amp F?STR~?Identifiler~?Plus PCR扩增试剂盒,基于重组质粒制备的阳性参照物与人类基因组DNA扩增检测结果差异较小;将此阳性参照物分别应用于不同公司、不同STR基因座的四种STR扩增试剂盒,电泳检测图谱显示各基因座基因型完整,分型正确,峰高相当,基因座间均衡性良好。结论基于重组质粒制备STR分型阳性参照物,是一种可以替代细胞系制备阳性参照物的方法,具有一定的参考价值。基于此方法制备的阳性参照物可适用于市面上常用的STR检验试剂盒,普适性较强,对法医DNA分型检测有一定的实用价值。     

国产STR荧光复合试剂盒DNAtyper15应用结果分析

DNAtyper15是公安部第二研究所研制的STR荧光试剂盒,为检验应用该试剂盒检测样本基因分型的准确性和稳定性,本文对日常案件中的样本进行处理,在实验室内和实验室之间进行基因分型结果比较,并与PE公司Identifiler试剂盒基因分型结果一致性进行调查.     

Y—STR基因座分型缺失分析

目的分析Y—STR基因座等位基因分型缺失数据,为法医学提供应用参考。方法收集浙江汉族4477名无关男性个体血样,自动工作站磁珠法提取DNA,Y—filer^TM试剂盒进行复合扩增,Gene Mapper IDv3．2分析软件分析Y-STR数据,统计出现基因分型缺失的概率。结果在4477名无关个体的Y—STR数据中,有来自23种单倍型的26个样本Y-STR分型各有1个短片段基因座的基因分型缺失,而其它长片段基因座的分型均完全正常。基因分型缺失的发生频率为0．518％。结论Y-STR基因座分型缺失具有一定的发生率,在日常检案中应注意防止误判。     

1483例亲子鉴定STR基因座突变的分析

目的观察和分析PowerPlex18D试剂盒17个STR基因座在云南人群亲子鉴定中的突变现象。方法应用Chelex-100法提取DNA,采用PowerPlex18D试剂盒检测1483例亲子鉴定结论为“肯定”的案例进行基因分型。结果1483例中双亲三联体亲子鉴定1047例．单亲二联体亲子鉴定436例．总共观察到2530次减数分裂。1483例中共观察到24例有1个STR基因座发生突变。在17个STR基因座中观察到11个基因座存在突变现象。结论STR基因座突变是较为常见的现象,应不断积累STR基因座突变数据,选择其他多态性好、突变率低的遗传标记．以保证鉴定结果的准确可靠。     

IDentifier DNA分型盒（炎黄34）的法医学验证及应用评估

目的 测试IDentifier DNA分型盒(炎黄34)的技术性能指标,评估其法医学应用价值。方法 根据《法庭科学人类荧光标记STR复合扩增检测试剂质量基本要求》(GB/T 37226—2018),从种属特异性、分型准确性、灵敏度、适应性、耐受性、一致性、均衡性、反应条件验证、混合样本、稳定性、批间差11个方面对IDentifier DNA分型盒(炎黄34)进行测试。比较IDentifier DNA分型盒(炎黄34)与Power Plex^?Fusion 6C系统、Versa Plex^?27PY系统、Veri Filer^TM Plus PCR扩增试剂盒的系统效能。使用IDentifier DNA分型盒(炎黄34)检测日常案件中的拭子类生物检材,观察其STR检验结果 。结果 IDentifier DNA分型盒(炎黄34)具有良好的种属特异性、分型准确性、适应性、耐受性和均衡性,灵敏度可达0.062 5 ng,能检测案件中不同类型的检材、降解检材及混有抑制剂的检材,对混合比例为4∶1以内的样本均能获得完整分型。该试剂盒的系统效...     

中国东部蒙古族人群15个STR基因座多态性研究

目的调查15个STR基因座在中国东部蒙古族人群中的基因频率分布。方法应用四色荧光标记引物复合扩增技术,对105名东部蒙古族无关个的血样15个STR基因座进行多态性研究。结果在东部蒙古族人群中15个STR基因座偶合率在0.0084～0.2169之间,个体识别概率(DP)在0.7831～0.9916之间,杂合度在0.5619～0.9231之间,三联非父排除率(PE)在0.4490～0.8444之间,多态性信息总量(PIC)在0.5438～0.9178之间,15个STR基因座总TDP值为0.9999999999998,所有基因座经χ2检验符合Hard-Weinberg平衡。结论上述15个STR基因座在东部蒙古族人群中等位基因分布较好,个体识别率高,适合法医个体识别和亲子鉴定。     

中国鄂温克族人群15个STR基因座多态性研究

目的调查15个STR基因座在中国鄂温克族人群中的基因频率分布。方法应用PowerPlex16System复合扩增系统,对99名鄂温克族无关个的血样DNA进行多态性研究。结果在鄂温克族人群中15个STR基因座偶合率(Pm)在0.0205～0.1733之间,个体识别概率(DP)在0.8267～0.9795之间,杂合度在0.6061～0.9091之间,三联非父排除率(PE)在0.4038～0.7690之间,多态性信息总量(PIC)在0.5985～0.8734之间,15个STR基因座总TDP值为0.9999999999998,所有基因座经χ2检验符合Hard-Weinberg平衡。结论上述15个STR基因座在鄂温克族人群中等位基因分布较好,个体识别率高,适合法医个体识别和亲子鉴定。     

Rapid and high-throughput forensic short tandem repeat typing using a 96-lane microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis microdevice

A 96-channel microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (muCAE) device was evaluated for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) typing using PowerPlex 16 and AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus multiplex PCR systems. The high-throughput muCAE system produced high-speed <30-min parallel sample separations with single-base resolution. Forty-eight previously analyzed single-source samples were accurately typed, as confirmed on an ABI Prism 310 and/or the Hitachi FMBIO II. Minor alleles in 3:1 mixture samples containing female and male DNA were reliably typed as well. The instrument produced full profiles from sample DNA down to 0.17 ng, a threshold similar to that found for the ABI 310. Seventeen nonprobative samples from various evidentiary biological stains were also correctly typed. The successful application of the muCAE device to actual forensic STR typing samples is a significant step toward the development of a completely integrated STR analysis microdevice.     

Validation and implementation of the PowerPlex 16 BIO System STR multiplex for forensic casework

The PowerPlex 16 BIO multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) system contains the 13 CODIS loci (FGA, TPOX, D8S1179, vWA, D18S51, D21S11, TH01, D3S1358, CSF1PO, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, and DS5S818), plus two pentanucleotide repeat loci (Penta D and Penta E) and the sex-identifying locus. Amelogenin. The PowerPlex 16 BIO System is optimized for use with the Hitachi FMBIO gel imaging systems. A consortium of seven independent laboratories collaborated to perform the studies defined by the FBI standards for performing a developmental validation, including the evaluation of sample concordance, percent stutter determination, nonprobative casework, precision, sensitivity, mixture determination, effect of substrates, the impact of environmental insults, and species specificity. All samples tested for concordance were consistent except for one sample from the Virginia Division of Forensic Science database that displayed discordance at D13S317, a locus whose primer sequence was altered. Stutter values were comparable to those of other STR multiplex systems, the precision was comparable to other multiplexes analyzed by gel electrophoresis, the DNA profiles were unchanged by the substrate upon which the blood samples were placed, and the nonprobative casework samples re-typed for the PowerPlex 16 BIO System were consistent with previous typing results. When greater than 0.125 ng of DNA was placed into the PowerPlex 16 BIO System amplification reaction, a full profile was generated by all laboratories. The mixture study results were comparable to those reported for other multiplex systems, the environmental study demonstrated a loss of larger molecular weight loci when samples were incubated at elevated temperatures for a prolonged period of time, and the only notable cross species hybridization was observed with primate DNA samples. This extensive validation work performed demonstrates that the PowerPlex 16 BIO System provides STR data of a quality comparable with other PowerPlex STR multiplex kits as well as other widely used STR multiplexes and is thus suitable for evidentiary casework analysis as well as database sample profiling.     

指甲DNA的STR分型研究

目的 研究尸体所处环境、指甲DNA提取部位及提取方法对STR分型的影响。方法 对案件中不同条件腐败尸体指甲,使用不同部位、不同体系和时间消化,酚-氯仿法提取指甲核DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR分型。结果 提取指甲甲体、甲根部位均可获得STR分型。结论 指甲是法医检案中一类具有实用价值的检材。     

微量口腔脱落细胞检材的DNA检验

目的寻求提高微量口腔脱落细胞检材的DNA检验成功率的简便有效的提取方法。方法对不同载体上的100份微量口腔脱落细胞检材采用小体积Chelex-100法提取DNA,在ABI7500型荧光定量PCR仪上进行定量,同时用IdentifilerTM复合扩增系统扩增,在ABI3130遗传分析仪上进行STR分型。结果从25根饮料吸管上提取的DNA量在0.72～116.7.8ng,16个水杯杯缘提取的DNA量在2.15-142.5ng,31个饮料瓶(罐)口提取的DNA量在1～34.65ng,10根筷子上提取的DNA量在3.35～26.6ng,12个果核中提取的DNA量在0.294～21.4ng,6份吃剩的骨头中提取的DNA量在0.88～5.88ng。100份检材性别及9个以上STR位点分型成功率平均为59.38%。除了使用者的个人原因外,检材的提取送检方式、检材的质地、饮料的性质对提取的DNA量有显著影响,是否加蛋白酶K对提取的DNA量无显著影响。结论采用小体积Chelex-100法可对60%左右的微量口腔脱落细胞检材提取DNA进行STR分型。     

An analysis of data curated from 5 years of identifying human remains

An archive of 5 years of cases involving the identification of human remains was curated, collecting information on: The sample type submitted, the number of STR loci yielding interpretable results, the kinship challenge posed, and the outcome for the case. A total of 129 cases of remains ID were investigated using manual DNA extraction and recovery methods with amplification of STR markers using the Power Plex 21 multiplex STR kit from Promega Corp. In 52 cases, blood spots collected by the ME were provided as sample and in 100% of those cases, probabilities of relatedness to the reference samples was ≥99%. In 77 cases, tissue other than blood was provided as a source of DNA. These other samples were grouped categorically into long bones (femur and tibia; 40 cases), skull bones/teeth (11 cases), other bones (16 cases), and tissue (normally adherent to bone) (10 cases). Reference samples provided for cases included alleged parents or child(ren) of the victim (86 cases), alleged full siblings of the victim (38 cases), or alleged second-order relatives (five cases). The overall success rate in confirming the identity of the source of the remains in these cases was 89.2%. Our results demonstrate that a laboratory can be often successful identifying human remains using methods easily implemented in any DNA typing laboratory.     

葡萄胎的DNA检验

目的探讨一例强奸案中的葡萄胎样本的DNA检验及结果分析。方法用Identifiler试剂盒对葡萄胎样本和受害人血样进行荧光复合STR基因座扩增并分型。结果该例的葡萄胎在15个STR基因座上分型均为纯合子,应属于单精子受精的完全性葡萄胎。结论葡萄胎类型多种,对应着不同的DNA分型,在实际案件的检验中应引起注意。     

Recovery of genomic DNA from archived PCR product mixes for subsequent multiplex amplification and typing of additional loci: forensic significance for older unsolved criminal cases

A method for genomic DNA recovery from different types of PCR product mixes suitable for multiplex amplification and typing using the Profiler Plus STR typing system has been investigated. The application of this method is of significance in cases where the original DNA samples have been exhausted due to repeated typing analyses in an effort to maximize their evidentiary value. Such cases typically involve samples analyzed using the available DNA typing systems of the time which gave a markedly lower power of discrimination, either alone or in combination, compared to that of modern multiplex STR typing systems. It was found that an effective method for recovering genomic DNA from HLA-DQA1 +PM and CTT triplex amplification mixes, suitable for reproducible achievement of the complete Profiler Plus profile, involved the use of Amicon Microcon-100 microconcentrators. Interestingly, this method was not required to achieve the complete nine STR profile using D1S80 amplification mixes.     

Validation and casework testing of the BioPlex-11 for STR typing of telogen hair roots

A new STR typing strategy has been developed allowing the simultaneous amplification and subsequent analysis of 11 polymorphic systems with amplicon sizes smaller than 270bp. The multiplex amplification reaction includes six STR loci from the European standard set of loci (ESS) for DNA databases (D3S1358, D8S1179, D21S11, THO1, FGA and VWA) as well as four additional STR systems selected for their robustness (D2S1338, D12S391, TPOX and D5S818) together with the sex-specific locus amelogenin. After PCR amplification, the multiplex reaction is splitted into two sets of STR multiplexes by using biotin labelled primers only for one set. Using streptavidin-coated Sepharose beads five STR systems are separated from the other six systems prior to being analysed in two different runs on a capillary gel electrophoresis instrument. The multiplex system was developed and tested especially for the use in forensic casework if only limited amounts or highly degraded DNA is available, for instance, when isolated from telogen hair roots.