Demographic trends in the Soviet Union

Current population trends in the USSR are reviewed, with particular reference to data available from the 1981 census. Topics considered include regional demographic variations, ethnic fertility differentials, the effects of deteriorating health care, and the continuation of Islamic cultural influences. The political and economic consequences of current demographic trends are discussed.     

苏联解体与苏联海军的命运

考察苏联解体后苏联海军的命运有三个视角:一是苏联海军是怎样被分割的;二是分割苏联海军过程中最难解决的问题;三是作为苏联海军主要继承者的俄罗斯海军发展趋势如何。本文介绍了独联体国家对前苏联海军瓜分情况,分析了独联体国家在瓜分苏联海军过程中存在的主要矛盾,最后对俄罗斯海军的发展战略和趋势作了探讨。     

苏联消灭富农的几个问题

20世纪30年代是斯大林模式成型的重要时期.在短短十年左右的时间里,苏联的社会结构、社会制度发生了巨大变化."将富农作为一个阶级予以消灭"不仅是苏联历史上的一件大事,也是20世纪人类发展史上的一个重大历史事件.如同工业化、农业集体化所引起的争论一样,在如何看待消灭富农这一历史问题上始终存在着不同的观点.因此,对"富农问题"作更进一步的研究不仅必要,而且具有较大的学术意义和现实意义.     

A comparative analysis on energy subsidies in Soviet and Russian policy

Russia’s recent intent to use gas supplies to influence the former Soviet Union Republics, and now New Independent States (NIS), has mirrored that of the Soviet’s handling of hydrocarbon supplies to the Eastern bloc, or the Council on Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). This paper explores the historical and unique conditions in making a comparison of energy trading patterns in the 1970s and 2000s. In the end, by comparing ’then’ and ’now’, we see a pattern of negative repercussions when the energy card is employed. This study employs a within case study cross-temporal comparative framework and asks: why would Russia transfer a failed policy of subsidies onto its newly independent states?