中国经济未来发展趋势预测

中国现阶段经济形势,形成了五个基本判断:从国际经济发展形势看,后危机时代即将过去;从中国经济发展态势看,总体处于健康发展期;从改革进程看,中国进入了后改革时代;从经济发展阶段看,中国处在双重并存阶段;从区域发展看,中国仍处于非平衡时期。未来,中国在经济发展速度、经济发展拉力、经济发展环境、经济发展重点和经济发展热点等五方面会出现一系列新的变化。     

邓小平经济发展思想的主题——走向和谐

在邓小平的经济发展思想中体现着由差异走向和谐的深刻内涵.在经济发展动力方面,邓小平提出了从"收入差距论"到"共同富裕论"的收入分配理论;在经济发展框架方面,邓小平提出了从"补课式"重点发展个别产业到各产业之间协调发展的产业结构理论;在经济发展布局方面,邓小平提出了"两个大局"的区域经济渐次协调发展理论.     

转变经济发展方式的艰巨性和难点

转变经济发展方式之所以艰难,原因有三:从实质上讲,"转变"是对原有经济发展方式的革命;从难度上讲,"转变"存在对原有经济发展方式路径的依赖;从内容上讲,是要从原有的经济发展方式彻底过度、变迁、演进到新的经济发展方式。     

浅析“以新闻宣传促经济建设”的实践和启示

近年来,围绕哈尔滨市经济建设的中心工作,《新晚报》坚持探索"以新闻宣传促经济建设"的新内涵、新形式,一系列探索实践不仅促进了地方经济发展,还从实践上验证了经济发展与新闻宣传相互促进的辩证关系,明确了经济发展对新时期新闻宣传提出的新要求。     

经济发展对城市空间、社会阶层和群体发展的作用研究

城市空间不仅仅只是地理学上的几何体,更具有丰富的社会含义。从本质上讲,经济发展逻辑是城市空间形成和得以发展的内在逻辑,经济发展塑造城市空间,对城市空间中的各项要素也起到重要的作用,通过经济发展划分了城市空间,把每个独立的个体结合在了一起。社会阶层是经济发展在城市空间中的显著体现,群体在经济发展构成的城市空间中揭示着内在的城市关系。     

切实增强转变经济发展方式的自觉牲、主动牲和创造性——读《转变经济发展方式研究》

《转变经济发展方式研究》一书，从宏观经济管理的角度，全面系统地研究了转变经济发展方式的理论、目标和措施。对于进一步加深对转变经济发展方式科学内涵和战略意义的理解，将大有裨益。     

对转变经济发展方式改善农业生态环境的思考——以衡阳市为例

剖析了转变经济发展方式对改善农村生态环境建设的重要性,以及衡阳市在农业生态建设方面所做的工作、当前面临的现实困难。结合衡阳实际,从多个角度分析了改善农业生态环境,促进农业的可持续发展,必须努力实现经济发展方式的转变。指出了如何通过转变经济发展方式进行农业生态环境建设的对策。     

浅析知识型经济与区域经济发展

本文从知识经济提出的背景及其本质基础上，简要分析了区域经济发展面临的主要佃题，阐明了将来实施区域发展的基本条件，从我国实际国情出发，讨论了我国区域经济发展所面临的挑战、机遇及其所采取的策略。     

各级政府对经济发展方式转变驱动力缺失的原因和对策分析

目前我国经济发展方式转变不成功的关键原因是各级政府的驱动力缺失。本文从三个方面分析了各级政府对经济发展方式转变驱动力缺失的原因，进而提出了深化改革，增强促进经济发展方式转变的政府驱动力的建议措施。     

对先进生产力与西部少数民族地区经济发展的思考

本文从我国西部少数民族地区经济发展的现状出发,认为“先进生产力”是开启少数民族地区经济腾飞桎梏的金钥匙。并提出了当前我国少数民族地区经济发展亟待解决的问题。     

A general equilibrium model of two group conflict with endogenous intra-group sharing rules

This paper explores the interactions among intra-group sharing rules, the competition between two groups over the common pool of output, and the allocation of resources between productive and appropriate activities. In the interior solution, the use of egalitarian method for the distribution of group income among members plays no distributional role but only affects the allocation of resources. It releases resources into the productive sector from the group that adopts the egalitarian rule by making the internal conflict among the members less intense. The sequential choice of intra-group sharing rules and resource allocations produce the adoption of fully egalitarian intra-group sharing rules in both groups. These rules minimize the amount of resources allocated to appropriate activities and maximize the welfare level of all individuals in the economy. This result suggests that inter-group competition with the use of egalitarian principle in the distribution of group income among group members, which is not available to the Hobbesian state of nature, is one of the cheaper social devices in restraining individuals from engaging in costly appropriative activities.     

New rôles of government in supporting manufacturing: the capabilities of support agencies in Ghana and Zimbabwe

This study examines the roles and capabilities of executive agencies in providing support services to manufacturing in Ghana and Zimbabwe. It asserts that the new roles of government during and after adjustment have not been clearly defined and are in fact more complex than running state‐owned productive enterprises. The basic shift is said to be from direct provision of goods and services to the provision of an enabling environment through support in areas such as training, information, finance, export and investment promotion and technology. Economic development is stimulated when there is a harmonious relationship between entrepreneurs and their institutional environment, much of which is provided by the state. This article concentrates upon the role of meso‐level agencies in changing incentives faced by entrepreneurs and shifting them out of unproductive activity and into productive entrepreneurship, and outlines some of the preliminary results from related research. There are several factors which influence the capabilities of agencies providing these services. Essentially they may be divided into internal and external factors. This allows the analysis to consider not only budgeting and incentive systems but also the impact of external pressures experienced by any given agency. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Contribution limits and the effectiveness of campaign spending

Much work on the apparent ineffectiveness on incumbent spending in congressional elections has hypothesized that the productivity of incumbent spending is low because incumbents operate on the “flat part” of their election returns function. Differences in campaign spending associated with state campaign finance laws allows for a test of this hypothesis because restrictions on campaign contributions tend to reduce campaign spending. Exploiting cross-state variation in campaign finance laws, this study tests whether campaign expenditures by state House candidates are more productive when candidates are subject to contribution limits. The results show that campaign expenditures by incumbents and challengers are more productive when candidates run in states with campaign contribution limits, as opposed to in states without limits. In states with contribution limits, incumbent spending and challenger spending are equally productive, and spending by both candidates is quantitatively important in increasing their vote shares.     

工业技术革命背景下世界幼儿教育的发展历程

以社会生产力的发展水平为参照系，本将世界幼儿教育的发展划分为与社会生产力的发展相对应的三个历史阶段，即与以使用蒸汽机为标志的第一次工业技术革命相联系的初创阶段，与以使用电机为标志的第二次工业技术革命相联系的确立阶段，与以信息革命为标志的第三次工业技术革命相联系的进一步发展阶段，从而对世界的幼儿教育的发展历程进行一次系统的梳理。     

传统社会主义国家发展生产力的基本模式研究

传统的社会主义国家发展生产力的基本模式具有独特性,由于把马克思主义的基本结论作为建设社会主义的基本前提,因此,它们通过建立社会主义生产关系来推动生产力的发展。这种用既定的生产关系推动生产力发展的模式,既有对经典社会主义基本理论的坚持,也包含了根据国情探索落后国家发展生产力的新途径。实践证明,由于新的生产关系是生产力发展的前提而不是结果,生产关系大大超越了生产力水平,其结果就是传统社会主义国家的生产力长期得不到有效发展。所以,现存的社会主义国家必须改革传统的生产力发展模式,根据现实的生产力状况建立相应的生产关系,遵循生产力与生产关系矛盾运动规律。     

Mapping a Field's Development: 20 Years of ABFM Conferences

Public budgeting and financial management has grown into a vibrant and productive research field of study with multiple journals and conferences devoted to the topic. One way to map the field's development is to examine the participants and topics covered in its longest-running dedicated gathering of researchers, the 20 annual conferences of the Association for Budgeting and Financial Management (ABFM). This article traces the 20-year history and composition of ABFM in terms of the participants and topics. It documents the evolution of the field and provides clues to the future direction of public budgeting and financial management published research.     

Rent-seeking contest when the prize increases with aggregate efforts

The objective of this article is to investigate contests in which efforts are productive. Tullock's standard rent-seeking model is extended by making the rent itself increase with the aggregate efforts. A positive externality is thereby introduced into the contest, because a contender's private effort in quest of the rent generates a benefit for other contenders. Coupled with a negative externality presented in the standard rent-seeking model, the net effect on the social efficiency of the contest is a priori ambiguous. It is shown that the extended contest generates socially wasteful, excessive aggregate efforts.     

Bridging the Public Service Motivation and Calling Literatures

Public administration research suggests there may be disparity in the extent to which public servants experience their work as a calling. The purpose of this article is to better illustrate and integrate calling research, which grows out of the positive organizational scholarship movement, into how we understand public service motives. The calling scholarship offers a productive way to view differences in public servants' orientations toward their work. Integrating calling into the public administration scholarship—particularly the public service motivation scholarship—provides insights to researchers and managers about how to help employees discover a deeper sense of meaningfulness in their work. In presenting the arguments and corresponding conceptual framework, the authors seek to supplement rather than replace the public service motivation construct. The authors articulate a research agenda that they believe will strengthen and enrich research on public servants' experience with their work.     

Crowding-out in productive and redistributive rent-seeking

This paper presents a general rent-seeking model in which participants decide on entry before choosing their levels of efforts. The conventional wisdom in the rent-seeking literature suggests that the rent dissipation increases with the number of potential participants and with their productivity of effort. In this paper, we show that this result of the rent-seeking literature is far from general and applies only when participants are relatively weak and enter the game with certainty. In the presence of strong competitors, the expected total dissipation actually decreases, since participation in the game is less frequent. We further consider the impact of competitors’ exit option, distinguishing between “redistributive rent-seeking” and “productive rent-seeking” situations. In redistributive rent-seeking, no social loss results from the fact that all competitors exit the race. In productive rent-seeking, instead, lack of participation creates a social loss (the “lost treasure” effect), since valuable rents are left unexploited. We show that the lost-treasure effect perfectly counterbalances the reduction in rent dissipation due to competitors’ exit. Hence, unlike redistributive rent-seeking, in productive rent-seeking the total social loss remains equal to the entire rent even when parties grow stronger or the number of players increases.     

Productive forces,the passions and natural philosophy: Karl Marx, 1841–1846

ABSTRACT

This article explores the emergence of Karl Marx’s concept of history over the period 1841 to 1846. Whereas in Marx’s view the productive forces shaped human history, it is argued in this article that Marx believed the productive forces in their turn were fuelled by psychological drives; in effect, Marx made the passions the deepest motive force of history. ‘Historical materialism’ as it crystallized in those early years was a theory of materialized subjectivity. Marx’s comments on various Antique and Modern philosophies of nature evince that he discerned important parallels between the developmental processes of human history and of nature. If Marx traced the dynamism of the productive forces to the human passions, he was adhering to an essentially Romanticist ontology of self-creative, impassioned nature.