The Vanishing Victim: Criminal Law and Gender in Jordan

Focusing on the issues of rape and honor killings in the Arab world, particularly Jordan, this article investigates the use of criminal laws as an element in political legitimation. These laws are an arena for contestation not merely over policy choices, but over the nature of the sociopolitical order as well. Recent debates over the alteration or preservation of such laws have highlighted the use of legal codes as an expression of dominant values in a political system. I argue that the use of gendered legal systems to serve legitimation claims has important implications for the prospects of democratization.     

ReConceiving Masculinity: Imagining Men's Reproductive Bodies in Law

It is not just women's bodies which can pose risks to the foetus but also those of men, with the quality of sperm playing an important role in foetal health. This article assesses why male antenatal behaviour has received such scant attention. It focuses on the regulation of liability for congenital disability and foetal protection legislation and policies, in order to uncover the received understandings of male and female reproductivity which have informed the law in this area. It argues that these understandings are predicated upon a particular vision of men's and women's bodies and of a gendered division of labour following the birth of a child.     

性别与法律研究中心

中国社会科学院法学研究所性别与法律研究中心 (以下简称中心 ) ,主要研究社会性别与法律之间关系的理论与实践。这是一个极具挑战性的综合性边缘学科。社会性别概念在西方早在 2 0世纪 60年代就已提出 ,至 1 995年第四届北京世界妇女大会后 ,“社会性别主流化”的呼声日渐高涨 ,成为世界人权领域和国际妇女解放运动中的热门话题之一。“社会性别”概念为我们提供了一个崭新的研究视角和分析框架。用这个视角来分析传统的立法、司法、执法、法学研究和法律教育 ,创建有利于男女两性共同发展的法律框架 ,还是一门新兴的学科。在中国尚属空白…     

Modest Expectations: Gender and Property Rights in Urban Mexico

This article examines gender and property in Guadalajara, Mexico, in the light of debates that oppose formal title to the social embeddedness of rights in customary law and assert that titling is bad for women. The article focuses on urban homes, private property, and civil law but finds that qualities regarded as characterizing customary property relations also shape popular understandings of property in urban Mexico. Discussion groups and social surveys in four low-income neighborhoods addressed two aspects of family law and property: whose name should appear on titles, and who should inherit the home. The results show that women, as wives, sisters, and daughters, have a secondary relationship to property. They also suggest that the opposition of individual title to socially embedded rights is a false dichotomy and that generalizing arguments about formalization and especially the negative gender implications of titling risks replicating the universalizing tendencies of Western property models.     

公司立法理念的选择——以中西法律传统比较为视角

“法律是什么?”这一问题曾被反反复复地提出,又由严肃的思想家们以形形色色、奇特的甚至反论的方式予以回答。〔1〕然而由于中西社会文明、文化传统、历史发展的不同,法的概念似乎难成定论,法律所内涵的精神也各有不同。在中西公司立法中,法律条文更多地或强调国家强制,或彰显私法自治,不同法律理念的选择正是不同法律文化传统的必然产物。一、中国的礼法文化与公司立法中的国家强制(一)追溯中国法律传统中的礼法文化礼主宰着中国传统文化的命脉。尽管礼源自古老的祭祀仪式,但是在长期的封建统治中,礼成为维系国家秩序的工具。从法的角度说…     

刑法立法模式的刑事政策考察

刑法立法模式是指国家立法机关在进行刑法立法时所采用的标准样式。纵观现代世界各国的立法现状,刑法立法模式主要有单一法典型立法模式、特别刑法立法模式、判例型刑法立法模式和修正型刑法立法模式。每种刑法立法模式都有其各自的刑事政策功能。从中国刑法立法的现状看,主要存在以下问题:(1)没有形成固定、成熟的刑法立法模式;(2)刑法立法模式单一、呆板,缺乏活力;(3)刑法修正案模式不能适应刑法立法的全部需要;(4)附属刑法立法模式没有发挥应有的作用。为了适应国家打击和控制犯罪的需要,我国的刑法立法模式应当做如下调整:(1)建立刑法典、特别刑法和刑法修正案相结合的刑法立法模式;(2)根据刑事政策的需要选择不同的刑法立法模式;(3)调整附属刑法立法模式的结构。     

民事立案程序之立法重构

我国现行《民事诉讼法》设置的立案程序存在弊端,难以适应加强诉权保障与完善社会主义法制的时代要求,故应认真审视与重构民事立案程序。笔者认为,民事立案程序在逻辑结构上是由既相互独立又相互联系的接收程序、审查程序、决定程序及救济程序构成的“子程序”系统,每个“子程序”均有其特定的内涵和功能,均应予以认真探讨和精心设计。     

惩罚性赔偿的立法选择

惩罚性赔偿制度的出现有其深厚的时代背景,但其在两大法系的发展中却有着基本不同的轨迹.本文通过梳理惩罚性赔偿的基本理论,讨论惩罚性赔偿与精神损害赔偿的关系,认为在我国正在起草的侵权责任法典中,非财产损失的赔偿应以精神损害赔偿为主,在个别侵权类型中可以有限度地引入惩罚性赔偿制度.     

我国《刑法》第13条但书规定新解——兼论但书在犯罪构成理论中的展开

规范刑法学的范畴内,遵循司法刑法学的逻辑要求,作为犯罪司法概念的《刑法》第13条,应该是形式和实质相结合的犯罪概念,前段是体现形式理性的刑事违法性的积极、类型化判断,而但书则是体现实质理性的社会危害性消极、个别化判断。因此,但书不仅仅是轻微违法的阻却事由,而且应当包含相当于三阶层体系中阻却构成要件符合性、阻却违法和阻却责任的全部内容。     

立法扩张与司法限缩：刑法谦抑性的展开

由形式谦抑性与实质谦抑性的有机统一、立法谦抑性与司法谦抑性的动态均衡所决定,前置法备而刑事法不用或少用,刑事立法备而刑事司法不用或少用,这既非象征性刑法在我国发韧的表征,亦非积极刑法观在中国肇始的告白,而是以谦抑性为内核的传统刑法观之精义所在。由此决定,刑法谦抑性在我国刑法现代化进程中的实现之路在于刑事立法扩张与刑事司法限缩的并行不悖和张弛有度,前者以行政犯增设的犯罪化扩张和刑罚强度减弱的结构化调整为主线,后者则应致力于以下两条进路的展开:一是前置法定性与刑事法定量相统一的刑法适用解释对立法犯罪化之司法认定限缩;二是前置法优先处理原则与刑事法优先处理例外相结合的刑事案件办理模式的倡导。     

Bodies of Law: the Divine Architect,Common Law and the Ancient Constitution

This article addresses the architecture of the four Inns of Court inLondon as repositories for the body of law (corpus iuris). Thebuildings are perceived as visual representations of the unwrittenconstitution; evidence that the sign, not the text, remains thepredominant form through which the constitution manifests its content.It is in this context that the self-governing Inns are interpreted asmicrocosms of the City of God, envisaged by Saint Augustine andprefigured in ancient Greece by the Republic of Plato. The Innssynthesise these classical and Christian precepts; thereby creatinga unique commonwealth whose Utopian ideals are based on the applicationof Justitia, or righteousness: an ethical rather than alegal concept which underpins the English constitution. The argumentproposes a correlation between architectural development at the Inns andthe challenge posed to the institutional authority of the law by the newlearning of the Renaissance. It is the semiotics of legal architecturerather than its historical provenance which is central to my analysis. Iattempt to comprehend the effect of the influences outlined above on theform and content of the common law, the legal institution and theancient constitution.     

Gender Quotas in Politics: The Greek System in the Light of EU Law

Positive action is currently gaining momentum in the European anti-discrimination discourse and policy-making as a necessary and effective tool to achieve the goal of full and effective equality in employment. Gender quotas in politics, however, are thought to remain outside the normative scope of Community law, the dominant view being that candidature for elected public office does not constitute employment in the sense of the relevant provisions. This article seeks to examine the Greek quota system for women in politics in its dialectical relationship to the general equality discourse and with reference to the current normative framework in Europe. The aims are threefold: to assess the legality of positive action in favour of women in politics from the point of view of EU law, to evaluate the effectiveness of the Greek system in achieving its gender equality goals, and to identify the problems that quotas in politics may pose with regard to the principle of democratic representation. It will, thus, be argued that positive measures in politics, though generally compatible with the fundamental principles of justice and representative democracy, may nevertheless be inadequate—at least in their current form—to provide effective solutions to the unequal distribution of social and political power.     

我国内地特别刑法立法之演变及其对澳门特区的启示

特别刑法是仅适用于特定的人、时、地、事（犯罪）的刑法规范.中国内地的特别刑法立法经历了1979年刑法典之前的单行刑法及其之后的大量特别刑法以及1997刑法典之后的少量特别刑法的发展演变过程,呈现出优劣互现、利弊并存和得失兼具的特征.而澳门特区的特别刑法立法是其现行刑法规范的重要组成部分且数量较多,特别刑法内部关系错综复杂.内地与澳门现行刑法规范中特别刑法立法存在数量、地位和前景方面的差异,内地特别刑法的演变道路以及立法机关对刑法立法从应付性、经验性立法思路转向统一性立法格局的走向都值得澳门特区借鉴.     

论我国刑法的任务及其立法完善

我国97刑法中刑法的任务立法上具有三个方面显著的特点,也存在着很大的不足;当前确立刑法的任务应该树立预防犯罪的理念、明确用非刑罚方法与犯罪作斗争的思想、彰显出个体权利本位的意识;刑法的任务在立法上作出规定是必要的,其立法内容应进一步完善.     

The State of Gender Equality Law in the European Union

Abstract:  This article assesses critically the recent law and policy initiatives in European Union gender equality. As a fundamental right, the principle of gender equality is to apply in all areas of EU law. Its scope has been extended to the access to and supply of goods and services and, according to the European Court of Justice, to the Third Pillar. Despite efforts to render the principle visible and accessible, a number of provisions remain unclear and contradictory. The contribution of external actors in this field is set to help safeguarding and enhancing the Community gender equality acquis .