迎接新人文主义时代（四）

如果说人文主义针对中世纪的神权和君权,立足于人性的解放,重在个人的尊严和价值,具体表现在思想自由和公民人权,那么,全面应对上述三大历史性挑战的是展现全面发展的人。除了每个人的全面自由发展外,还应包括：（1）人与人之间的友爱关系,包括平等、互助、宽容、无暴力等等。（2）人与社会的和谐关系,不仅是理性的法治,还要重视德和情。     

本体论与人的存在

“本体”作为哲学的终极信念 ,是人之为人、哲学之为哲学的一种宿命性的设定。“本体”之于人是宿命的 ,之于哲学更是宿命的。哲学归根到底就是对“人在世界中”“在”的澄明 ,这种澄明就是对人的本体论存在的彰显与完成。“哲学” ,质言之就是本体论的“人学” ;“本体” ,就是哲学与人的澄明之境 ,就是对人自身本体论存在的一种信仰。     

论人的尊严

论文介绍与分析了人的尊严概念的基本范式及其相互联系,指出现代范式尊严观面临的挑战;以对尊严观的基本范式和前人相关研究成果的批判继承为基础,以和谐社会为价值取向,对人的尊严概念的应有内涵进行了全面的界定,分析了其地位意蕴与价值意蕴,论证了人的尊严的根据与标志;揭示了当下对人的尊严概念的几种常见误读,分析其表现、原因与危害,提出尊严观形成的基本思路。     

应注重揭示人的全面发展的时代内涵

国内外对人的全面发展问题的研究都取得了成果,但也有不足,在新的时代背景下深入研究这个问题具有重大的理论和实践意义。江泽民提出"不断推进人的全面发展的思想具有很强的针对性和丰富的时代内涵。当前应着力研究四个方面的问题。     

实践对人的存在丰富性的敞显

在马克思哲学视野中,实践,即人的感性活动,除了作为经验事实外,其独特性在于,它还蕴含着澄明人的存在的开启性,昭示着向未来敞开着的可能性。在这个过程中,既证成了现实的人,又生成了现存的感性世界。马克思实践哲学是人的生成之基础,是对人的存在的澄明,是对人的解放的关怀。正是马克思实践哲学所蕴含的这种品质,才使哲学真正地"在"起来,才使人的存在丰富起来,真正地走向了可能世界。     

论和谐社会与人的全面发展的内在统一

构建社会主义和谐社会与人的全面发展是一个统一的过程。人的全面发展是马克思主义建设社会主义新社会的本质要求,也是社会主义和谐社会的重要构件。促进人的全面发展与构建社会主义和谐社会互为前提。人的全面发展与构建社会主义和谐社会交互作用,共同促进人类社会的进步。     

迎接新人文主义时代（二）

人文主义促进了工业社会的诞生和繁荣,但繁荣的工业社会并没有按人文主义的指引前进。资本主义制度下的“血汗工厂”,对雇佣劳动者的残酷剥削是对人性和人的尊严最赤裸裸的摧残;在发达国家工业化的过程中对殖民地资源的无情掠夺,乃至贩卖人（黑奴）来谋利等,更是奴隶制的恢复。     

江泽民"人的全面发展观"内涵探微

江泽民“人的全面发展观”内涵主要包括：在人的发展与社会发展的相互依存中构筑人的全面发展的现实性；在物质生活发展与思想精神生活发展的相互促进中保持人的全面发展的丰富性；在人与自然、社会的协调发展中维护人的全面发展的可持续性；在理想追求与现实关切的辨证发展中展现人的全面发展的具体性。     

论法海寺壁画的人文主义精神

法海寺壁画为明代壁画之最,与敦煌、永乐宫壁画相比各有千秋,并可与欧洲文艺复兴时期的壁画相媲美。它借助宗教题材的描写,表现了民间世俗生活,对人性自由与解放的描绘有了大胆的追求与回归,将东方的人性美推崇到极至,综合地反映了东方艺术的创新精神与传统人文主义的精神超越。它成功地开拓了自己的艺术风格．成为中国传统壁画创作上的一次重大突破。     

Civil Service Law in the People's Republic of China: A Return to Cadre Personnel Management

Despite the outward appearance of depoliticization, the civil service in China today is actually being repoliticized. This paper compares the 1993 Provisional Regulations on State Civil Servants with the Civil Service Law approved by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in April 2005 . The 2005 reform formalized what had been a historical pattern—the Communist Party holds tight control over leadership change and management at various levels. The Civil Service Law has turned the Communist Party of China into a political institution that has become the source of both civil service empowerment and control. Although civil service reform in China differs markedly from approaches adopted elsewhere, China is clearly expanding its political control to ensure greater leverage over the bureaucracy. In this regard, China is in line with the global trend. That said, civil service reform in China has focused on structural elements and formal reorganizations, whereas most industrialized democracies have engaged in a dialectic between individualist and corporate responses to managerial questions. An understanding of the Chinese ability to adopt reforms—while strengthening its traditional hold—provides key perspectives not only on the world's largest nation and a rapidly emerging force in global political and economic relationships but also on the Chinese experience with important public sector reforms that have occurred in many other countries over recent decades.     

推动农村人情消费的理性回归

近年来,随着农村经济社会发展水平的不断提高,我国农村居民人情消费的名目越来越多、数额越来越大、周期越来越短。这不仅助长了乡村不正之风,扭曲了正常的人际关系,加重了农民负担,而且加剧了农村腐败的滋生蔓延。农村不合理的人情消费主要源于传统习俗、攀比心理、盲从心理和"后路"心理的影响。为此,要倡导良好的社会风尚,树立文明的人情消费观念,实现农民的自我约束,抵制不良的人情消费,使农村人情消费理性回归,以切实减轻农民负担。     

The Internal Politics of Parties: The Law of Curvilinear Disparity Revisited

One of the few efforts to link systemic and organizational determinants of party strategies is provided by what John May dubbed the 'law of curvilinear disparity'. According to this law, voters, party activists and leaders have necessarily divergent political ideologies. These systematic differences are attributable to the activists' motivations and the constraints of party competition. This paper argues that the law is empirically valid only under distinctive behavioural, organizational and institutional conditions, which are not specified in its general formulation. Thus, the law is only a special case in a broader theory reconstructing the interaction between constituencies, intra-party politics and party competition. This alternative theory is partially tested with survey data from party activists in the Belgian ecology parties Agalev and Ecolo.     

论人与自然生命共同体的内在逻辑：从外在共存到和谐共生

受近代机械自然观的影响,人们往往从对抗性的意义上去理解人与自然的关系。这就造成自然无论在理论上还是实践上都成为人们外在的对象,进而导致了自然与历史的分离。而马克思自然观则揭示了人与自然的一体性关系,在这种一体性关系中,整个自然界变成了人的无机身体,与人处于相互生成的过程中,从而历史就成为人的真正的自然史。习近平总书记提出人与自然生命共同体理念,实现了对于生命的有机性和创造性的理解,超越了近代机械自然观,发展了马克思自然观,开创了人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化道路。     

Non-Voluntary Return? The Politics of Return to Afghanistan

The forced removal of 35 Afghan nationals from the UK in April 2003 calls into question the viability of the government's voluntary repatriation schemes and undermines the voluntary nature of return programmes. This article draws on the results of research conducted in 2002 to explore the views of the Afghan community about return. We evaluate three motivations for promoting return programmes: justice-based arguments, where return is the 'end of the refugee cycle'; human capital explanations, which focus on individual decisions to reverse the effects of brain-drain; and burden-relieving explanations, where return is an alternative to repatriation. Our findings suggest that domestic interest based arguments, rather than those founded on the protection of human rights, are driving the policy-making agenda. Returns are portrayed as a means of relieving the burden on welfare services, and placating an increasingly anti-immigrant public opinion. As well as individuals forcibly removed from Britain, other Afghans are being urged to return by means of financial inducements, and sometimes under the threat of repatriation. In this context, we can discern a new category of 'non-voluntary' returns where individual choice has little real meaning.     

从工具主义到人本主义:国家治理理念的现代化重塑

现代国家治理理念是国家治理现代化的科学遵循,影响和支配国家治理主体间的政治行为。传统工具主义与现代国家治理存在冲突,迫切需要作出转型,转型的方向即人本主义。人本主义弥补了工具主义的缺陷,是国家治理理念现代化转变的最佳选择。为了进一步实现人本主义对工具主义的超越,需要以政治伦理的规范优化治理价值观、以多重权力的博弈优化治理权力观、以制度价值的彰显优化治理发展观,建构以人民为中心的中国治理话语体系。     

The Portuguese 2005 legislative election: Return to the left

According to the ‘decline of parliaments’ thesis that dominates the literature, the executive branch has increased its powers vis-à-vis the legislature. However, at the same time most studies indicate that the parliaments in the Nordic region are on average stronger than their counterparts in central and southern European countries. This article examines the validity of the ‘decline of parliaments’ thesis in the context of Finland, a country where recent constitutional reforms have strengthened parliamentarism by reducing the powers of the president and empowering the government and the parliament. Analysing the constitutional balance of power between state organs, the interaction between the government and the opposition, and the ability of the parliament to hold the cabinet accountable, this article argues that despite its stronger constitutional position, the Eduskunta faces considerable difficulties in controlling the government.