高校基建腐败案件实证分析与对策建议

高校基建腐败是高校腐败的重灾区,高校腐败案件的研究是高校发展的重要课题。新世纪以来我国高校基建腐败具有群体案件多、作案时间长、腐败形式多样等特征。通过实证分析高校基建腐败的原因主要有:个人理想信念缺失,法制意识淡漠;法律实施不力,惩戒机制不健全;政治生态净化迫在眉睫等。预防高校基建腐败案件的发生需要加强教育和培养,形成"不想腐"的价值体系;强化制度建设,构建"不能腐"和"不敢腐"的法治体系;优化政治生态环境,塑造"不易腐"的文化体系。     

心理分析视阈下高校腐败行为过程及应对举措

目前＂腐败＂这个社会毒瘤已经开始感染曾经被人们视为净土的高校,许多地区高校腐败案件数量都呈现出逐渐增长的势头。心理学研究表明,人的各种行为都是在相应心理的支配下进行的,高校腐败也概莫能外。造成高校腐败行为的相关心理存在萌芽、初步形成、发展与成熟以及消退四个阶段性的过程,在不同的阶段高校腐败者分别具有不同的心理。因此,要认真把握高校腐败行为心理演变的规律,每个阶段提出相应的举措以抑制腐败心理的逐步发展,从心理层面入手找出科学有效地解决高校腐败问题的方法与途径。     

我国高校腐败问题的研究热点与趋势展望——基于1994～2018年CNKI论文的计量分析

高校腐败严重影响高等教育事业发展,当前高校腐败研究蓬勃兴起,但还存在一些充满争议的问题,尤其是在中央全面反腐和高校"双一流"建设启动的背景下,对这一主题进行回顾、评价与展望具有重要意义。借助CiteSpace可视化软件,对CNKI数据库1994～2018年间收录的关于高校腐败主题的1163篇期刊论文进行计量分析,绘制出高校腐败研究的知识图谱。知识图谱显示,高校行政腐败研究、高校学术腐败研究、高校反腐倡廉对策研究成为该主题的研究热点。展望高校腐败问题的研究走向,进一步深化高校腐败研究需要采取深化学理研究、加强制度与机制研究、关注实证研究、开展比较研究等对策。     

治理结构,权力机制与高校腐败——基于117个高校腐败案例的分析

基于新制度主义中的制度性同形理论,通过对117个高校腐败案例进行分析,发现高校腐败最大的特征就是与政府腐败特点的一致性,无论是在腐败主体特征还是腐败行为特征方面都极为相似。研究表明:在高等教育场域中,在强制性同形和模仿性同形机制作用下,高等教育场域中的高校与政府呈现组织性趋同现象,两者的组织结构、治理机制、监督漏洞、官场文化等方面都具有同形性,两者都采取相对集权的治理结构,而监督制衡机制效果不彰,无法有效地约束和限制权力,从而使高校腐败特征与政府腐败特征表现一致。从这个特点上来说,高校现有的治理结构和权力机制并没有体现出高校应有的独特性,其权力的运行机制也不足以控制腐败的发生。     

惩治和预防高校领导腐败的对策或建议

近年来,高校领导腐败的频繁发生,给我国的高等教育带来诸多负面影响,也使争议中的高等教育又处于一种尴尬的境地。应从重在预防、重在监督、重在治理等三个环节使高校领导"不愿腐败"、"不能腐败"、"不敢腐败"。     

权力视角下的高校廉政建设

近年来,高校权力腐败案件不断增多,基建、采购、后勤、科研和招生等领域已成为腐败重点区域。高校权力腐败是高校占有学校资源并拥有相应权力的个人或小团体为谋取私利而损害学校利益和公共利益的行为。其根源就在于权力主体的分离、权力行使的随意性和权力监督的缺位。要进一步推进高校党风廉政建设,维护党的纯洁性,应加强权力制约,强化权力法定,注重权力监督,从根本上遏制腐败,使高校真正成为传承文明、培育人才、建设先进文化的重要基地。     

高校亚腐败问题研究——习近平全面从严治党战略的高校腐败治理视角

高校体制的不完善及"腐败亚文化"的影响,导致高校亚腐败现象比较严重。尽管政府相关部门对于惩处高校腐败案件的决心与力度很大,但在高校亚腐败问题上却缺乏切实有效的解决措施。这与亚腐败的特殊性、隐蔽性及高校体制漏洞等问题密切相关。高校亚腐败问题的解决是一个长期的、艰巨的任务。通过廉洁教育、加大监督力度、完善高校的法律法规体系以及高校的民主建设等措施来解决高校亚腐败问题,进而打造清正廉洁的高校生态教育环境。     

高校基建腐败的成因及对策探究

高校基建腐败屡见报端,发生于基建流程的各个环节,危害和影响都十分巨大。基建腐败的手法多种多样,究其原因,既有相关人员自身道德素质不高,自律心不强的原因,也有体制不健全,监督、惩处机制不完整的原因。因此为了遏制高校基建腐败的发生,要从加强思想道德教育、完善权力监督机制、完善管理体制改革、加大腐败惩处力度等方面入手。     

透明度、权力监督与高校腐败治理

<正>如何治理高校腐败?以反腐经验而论,在当前高校纪检监察、校园媒体等内部监督机构和载体因受制于管理体制而无法充分彰显其监督效能的情况下,高校最为便捷、最为可行、最富成效的腐败治理之道是:最大限度地增强办学权运行的透明度,充分发挥普通师生、社会公众、社会新闻媒体等多元监督主体的监督作用,构筑起阻断高校权力寻租的"防火墙"。透明度问题在遏制腐败措施中具有关键性的地位和作用。"一旦把权     

构建高校惩防腐败体系的思考——陈昭方、龙小乐案的启示

武汉大学陈昭方、龙小乐案反映出高校腐败的基本成因和高校惩防腐败体系建设中存在的主要问题。预防和严惩高校腐败,必须从整体上全面推进高校惩防腐败体系建设,增强廉政教育的针对性与实效性,切实推进阳光治校,实行纪委垂直管理,探索建立教代会常任制。     

贪官人格及其防治

贪官的人格不健全,畸形的需要、贪婪的动机、扭曲的价值观、相对稳定的贪腐行为倾向,是贪官人格的基本特性。悖德型、冲动型、自恋型或混合型的人格,是贪官人格的主要类型。有的贪官在进入官场之前已经形成不健全人格,有的贪官则是在进入官场之后,在不良职业环境影响下,逐渐形成不健全人格。为有效地预防贪官出现,应实行任职前人格调查,采取净化职业环境等措施。     

Corrupt Governmental Networks

ABSTRACT

This study provides an empirically based analysis of corrupt governmental networks. We conducted 45 interviews in Hungary with different organizational actors who were actually participating in corrupt transactions or at least had first-hand experiences of corruption. Given the secret nature of the topic, this article provides a unique insight into the phenomenon. Our findings show that corrupt elite cliques consciously design and coordinate multilevel structures of corrupt networks within and among organizations that involve a large amount of people. We identified the major network elements and their functions in corrupt transactions. The article also provides a typology of corrupt networks. The networks have different structural characteristics based on location of the “cash cows,” points from where the system is fed, and the actors’ positions of power. Our findings are compared with the already existing literature on dark networks, terrorist, and organized crime formations.     

刑事法中犯罪人格考量论

犯罪人格之于刑事法的价值主要体现在:促进动态、整体犯罪人观的形成,有针对性地进行犯罪预防;定性分析犯罪人格,合理划定犯罪圈;定量分析犯罪人格,用以评估人身危险性;促进刑法的公正和刑事政策的合理化。结合犯罪人格的特点,从宏观和微观两个层面通过对犯罪人格的生成控制,有针对性地进行犯罪预防,可以更好地促使刑法预防犯罪目的的有效实现。     

Corruption and government size: A disaggregated analysis

Using annual state-level data over 1983–1987, this paper examines the effect of government size on corruption by public officials by including both demand and supply side incentives for engaging in corrupt practices. Our objectives are twofold. First, we assess the relationship between the incidence of corruption and overall measures of the size of the federal government and the state-local sector in each state. Second, we explore what kinds of government activities are more likely to be successful in deterring abuse of public office. Our results are generally supportive of Becker's “crime and punishment” model. Regarding the primary focus of the paper, our results show that government size, in particular spending by state governments, does indeed have a strong positive influence on corruption.     

The role of intermediaries in corruption

The aim of the article is to examine a briber initiated corrupt transaction and the role of intermediaries in such a transaction, using a game theoretical model. Clients applying the intermediaries do so to be able to get rid of high red tape applied by the officers. They prefer using intermediary instead of offering a bribe to the officers directly since they do not know which officers are corrupt (accepts a bribe offer) and how much bribe should be given to the corrupt officers. In our model, the client wants to offer a bribe to get rid of red tape, however, she hesitates due to the possibility of offering a bribe to an honest public officer and as a result getting a penalty. Client also hesitates due to the possibility of offering an amount of bribe lower than the reservation price of the corrupt officer; thus being rejected. Intermediaries, knowing which officers are corrupt and the reservation prices of those corrupt officers, decrease the risk of offering a bribe. Two cases; one with intermediary, the other without, in such a scenario is examined and the results of the two are compared.     

Transparency, wages, and the separation of powers: An experimental analysis of corruption

We conducted an experimental analysis of the causes of corruption, varying the ease of hiding corrupt gains, officials’ wages, and the method of choosing the law enforcement officer. Voters rarely re-elect chief executives found to be corrupt and tend to choose presidents who had good luck. Directly elected law enforcement officers work more vigilantly at exposing corruption than those who are appointed. Increasing government wages and increasing the difficulty of hiding corrupt gains both reduce corruption.     

盗窃罪、诈骗罪和抢夺罪的界定——以张某某抢夺案为视角

盗窃罪、诈骗罪和抢夺罪是三个常见的、多发的侵财类犯罪,占据刑事犯罪的多数。三罪有一定的相似之处,尤其是当一罪中混合着三种罪的作案手段时难以辨别。司法工作者应在查清事实和情节的基础上,以法条为标准,综合运用法学知识,借助科学合理的分析方法,对案件准确定性。     

Cross-city evidence on the relationship between immigration and crime

Public concerns about the costs of immigration and crime are high, and sometimes overlapping. This article investigates the relationship between immigration into a metropolitan area and that area's crime rate during the 1980s. Using data from the Uniform Crime Reports and the Current Population Surveys, we find, in the cross section, that cities with high crime rates tend to have large numbers of immigrants. However, controlling for the demographic characteristics of the cities, recent immigrants appear to have no effect on crime rates. In explaining changes in a city's crime rate over time, the flow of immigrants again has no effect, whether or not we control for other city-level characteristics. In a secondary analysis of individual data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we find that youth born abroad are statistically significantly less likely than native-born youth to be criminally active.     

廉洁从政心理教育体系的构建

腐败心理的形成有一个由量的积累到质的变化的渐进过程,并经历认识蜕变、心理畸变、人格裂变等不同阶段。在腐败行为中,认知的蜕变、心理的畸变和人格的裂变是互相联系和渗透的,共同构成腐败心理的一般特征。要从源头上做好反腐倡廉工作,必须加强廉政心理教育。构建集廉政心理教育机制、自我心理约束机制、腐败心理预警机制、腐败心理矫正机制为一体的廉洁从政心理教育体系,以筑牢廉洁从政的心理防线。     

商业贿赂犯罪态势及其惩防体系构建——以江苏为例

当前,商业贿赂作为具有动态意义的新型经济犯罪活动,其触角逐步伸入社会许多行业和领域,并呈现一系列新的特点和发展趋势。从江苏地区近几年查处的情况来看,此类犯罪案件具有重点领域高发、大案要案增多;犯罪主体多变、作案手法隐秘;群体犯罪加剧、期货性质凸显;职务犯罪突出、窝案串案交织等动态特点。同时表现出发案领域拓展、行业特征明显;组织程度提高、侵害对象模糊;关联犯罪增多、社会危害更烈等发展趋势。根据当前商贿犯罪的动态特点及发展趋势,应建构教育、制度、监督并重的防治商贿犯罪长效机制,从源头上防治商腐现象的滋生蔓延。