新时期律师化解社会矛盾之思考——以城乡社区治理为视角

<正>在产业转型升级的必然需求下，我国社会逐步过渡到经济高质量发展阶段。与此同时，社会矛盾也呈现出多样化、复杂化、多元化的特点，使得律师日益成为社会矛盾化解中一支不可或缺的力量。律师参与社会矛盾化解工作是践行社会主义法治理念，促进和谐社会建设的重要举措，是新时期对律师工作提出的一项新课题，如何有效化解社会矛盾是全体律师应当深思的一个问题。律师作为中国特色社会主义法治工作者，应增强自身社会责任感，创新工作机制，促进社会矛盾化解工作有序推进。     

中国税务律师的执业情况与发展机遇

税收的强制性、无偿性,要求税法的权威性和合理性,从而引申出了"税收法定"的原则。税务律师既是时代的需求,也体现了律师业发展的日益分工细化,是律师业在化解争议与矛盾、促进社会和谐作用上的重要体现。税务律师的发展,与其行业定位、外部社会环境是分不开的。一、新兴税务律师业的产生第一,从职业特征来讲,税务律师与会计师、审计师、税务师的分野是行业发展的开端。税收问题是法律问题,     

律师整体独立论

西方国家的律师往往具有特殊的社会地位,实现了律师行业的整体独立.律师整体独立是保障公民权利、实现司法公正、律师职业发展的内在要求.我国并未实现律师的整体独立,司法行政机关在律师管理体制中居于主导地位,因此,我国的律师管理实际上采用的是行政化的管理模式.在宏观上,应当明确我国律师管理体制改革的终极目标为律师整体独立;在微观上应当将实质性律师管理权授予律师协会.社会认同是律师整体独立的前提,律师行业应重塑自身形象,增进社会对律师行业的尊重与认同.     

法治社会视野下律师执业权利保障若干问题探析

正律师是"维护当事人合法权益,维护法律正确实施,维护社会公平和正义1"的专业化职业人群,律师行业的发展从一个侧面反映了社会发展的文明化、法治化水平。党的十八届三中全会明确要求完善律师执业权利保障机制,发挥律师在依法维护公民和法人合法权益方面的重要作用2。然而,我国的律师行业由于自身发展的问题和制度设计的缺陷,律师的执业     

美国律师职业规范给我们的启示

近年来，随着我国法制建设的发展，律师业务已渗入到了社会生活的各个方面。律师的职业行为规范也正日益为律师界和社会所关注。目前，我国律师在执业时对自身的职业行为基本上是处于靠律师事务所内部制度和律师本人自觉约束来规范。因此，从面上来看，律师业的职业行为具有较大的主观随意性，律师个人之间、事务所之间、各地区之间水准差一异较大。统一律师的行为规范，建立行业的职业道德规范标准，就其客观需要来讲已具有了一定的迫切性，但怎么建立，谁来建立，还没有一个明确的说法。就这一问题而言，美国律师业的经验与经历应该说美国…     

把握主旋律 突出正面宣传 全国律协加大律师宣传工作力度

7月16日下午,第八届全国律协宣传联络委员会第一次会议在全国律协办公室举行。会上,周院生秘书长指出,随着我国律师队伍不断壮大、律师事业全面发展、律师行业的影响力进一步提升,律师工作在服务国家政治经济和社会文化建设、化解社会矛盾、维护社会和谐稳定等方面的积极作用日益彰显,律师队伍中涌现出了一批优秀的律师典型,做好律师行业宣传工     

在探索中奋进 全国律协中小型律师事务所建设研讨会综述

随着中国经济的腾飞,中国的律师事业也在蓬勃发展。目前,全国律师事务所的数量已达到1.9万家,律师人数已超过22万人,其中,百人以下的中小型律师事务所占到90%以上,是律师行业的基本构成和主体力量。因此,加强中小型律师事务所建设,是行业发展的需要,也是推动全行业科学发展的根本要求。面对律师法律服务领域呈现出的多元化、多样化特点,多数中小型律师事务所传统、粗放的管理模式相对滞后,已成为制约律师业健康、持续发展的瓶颈。建立与经济发展相适应、合     

论律师的职业属性

关于律师的职业属性问题,各国《律师法》有不同的表述。我国对律师性质的立法界定,经历了从“国家的法律工作者”到“依法取得执业证书,为社会提供法律服务的执业人员”的认识过程。在《律师法》中准确界定律师的职业属性,是科学安排律师制度、合理设计律师行业发展的前提。值此《律师法》修改之际,本刊特邀请几位专家学者就律师的职业属性问题进行了一次笔谈:     

我们需要律师文化

随着经济发展全球化,律师业务国际化,律师事业不断发展,律师文化建设这一重大课题,引起各级律师管理部门、行业协会,乃至整个律师群体的广泛关注。律师这一职业,虽然在我国已有一定的历史,但是得到长足的发展应当是“两法”实施之后,尤其是上世纪80年代后期到如今,整个律师队伍已达12万余人。律师事业的发展如同其他行业一样,渴望形成一种成熟的行业文化。文化是社会发展历程中精神财富     

中国律师文化的形成——以中国古代讼师的角度研究

讼师虽然被称为中国古代的律师,但它与当今律师职业有着本质不同,但作为古代中国社会与律师最相类似的职业,中国人对其的看法一直延伸至当代,并转嫁到律师,这一西方法律制度的"舶来品"身上。本文主要通过对中国古代讼师及讼师文化的研究探寻当代中国律师现状和律师文化的历史根源,并试从中搜索有益于当代律师行业发展的启示。     

Professionalization as Status Adaptation: The Nobility, the Bureaucracy, and the Modernization of the Legal Profession in Finland

In contrast to Anglo-American lines of professional development, the central agent of professionalization in many Continental countries was the state bureaucracy. However, this article proposes that an understanding of the class structure of traditional society is also needed to explain the privileged position of lawyers. An historical study of lawyers in the 19th century, after Finland was annexed by Russia, demonstrates that the legal profession provided the nobility an important medium of adaptation to the new society. The importance of the legal profession initially to the state bureaucracy, and subsequently to the nobility, explains its social prominence and its future development. An analysis of the position and needs of the prominent classes in the society of Old Regimes may constitute a fruitful viewpoint in the study of early professionalization in the Continental context more generally.     

Council of the Chamber of Attorney of the City of Moscow Record of Disciplinar Proceedings Against Attorney I. [Spring 2008]

[Main accusation: showing disrespect for the court.—Eds.]

An attorney is obliged to challenge unlawful and unjustified actions and rulings committed (issued) by judges in a specific case, but only in a form that does not contravene stipulations of legislation on work as an attorney and the legal profession and of the Code of Professional Ethics for the Attorney.     

Lawyers, Legislation and Social Welfare

Efficiency considerations have played an increasing role in the development of legal doctrine over the last decades. Our paper investigates the consequences of the efficiency doctrine for the long run allocation of human resources between the legal profession and other professional activities. It is argued that a short run pursuit of the efficient scope of legislation may create an inefficient oversupply of lawyers under free entry into the legal profession. Self-regulation of entry into the legal profession by the bar association may provide higher aggregate welfare. Liberalization of professional entry can explain both the expansion of legislative activity and the unprecedented growth rate of the legal profession in many countries.     

Mechanisms and Consequences of Professional Marginality: The Case of Poverty Lawyers Revisited

A partial replication of Jack Katz's (1982 ) Poor People's Lawyers in Transition, this article explores the manifestations and consequences of professional marginality of legal aid lawyers. Based on thirty‐five interviews with poverty attorneys and interns in Chicago, the authors show that scarce material resources and unclear expectations continue to give rise to the marginalization of this segment of the legal profession. The authors analyzed ideological, task, status, and material dimensions of attorneys' professional marginality. With no access to reform litigation, central to the legal aid “culture of significance” in the 1970s, present‐day poverty lawyers seek new ways to cope with marginality. The authors argue that these lawyers' coping strategies have many negative consequences. Thus, over time, poverty lawyers' deep engagement with clients, ideals of empowerment, and social justice orientation give way to emotional detachment, complacency, and an emphasis on “making do” within the constraints of the system.     

Women Solicitors as a Barometer for Problems within the Legal Profession – Time to Put Values before Profits?

This article will consider the theoretical explanations for why women are not remaining within and progressing through the ranks of the solicitors' profession in England and Wales. It sets out the findings from a Law Society commissioned project to examine the reasons why women have had a break from practice or chosen to leave the profession. Finally, it considers whether one of the purported strategies used to empower women solicitors – the business case for equality of opportunity in the solicitors' profession – is actively working against women and the profession (more broadly), and that only a return to a wider values-based approach to professional identity will meet the criticisms raised by many of the women who participated in this research.     

Enforcing ethics in social work

The attention paid by the social work profession to ethical issues has waxed and waned since the formal inauguration of the profession in the late 19th century. For the first half century of the profession's life, relatively little attention was devoted to problems of professional ethics, though social work's literature was filled with discussions of value-laden issues that arise in practice. In recent years, interest in professional ethics has increased substantially. This article discusses the growth of interest in professional ethics, the formulation of the social work code of ethics, the adjudication of grievances in social work, and the strengths and limitations of the profession's code.     

Lawyers' lives,lawyers' incomes

Women lawyers, like women generally, earn less money than men for comparable work. This unfortunate conclusion has been reached by many scholars in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.² Frequently the explanations originate in the structure and culture of large law firms. Allan Lind and one of the present authors (Felstiner) collected data on a different segment of the American profession, lawyers who are consulted by individuals, generally practicing on their own or in small firms. This paper presents a picture of the professional lives of these lawyers and information about the connections between income and gender in this generally disregarded sector of the profession (but see Sarat & Felstiner, 1995; Seron, 1996; Van Hoy, 1997; Mather et al., 2001; Levin, 2004).     

高职教育职业能力培养存在的问题及对策

随着高职教育的迅猛发展,高职教育为各地经济社会发展,培养了大批急需的高等技术应用型人才。但在高职学生职业能力培养中,部分高职院校还存在着一些亟待解决的问题。本文从职业能力的理解、专业设置、"双师型"教师队伍建设、实践技能培养和评价体系等方面,对高职学生职业能力培养中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

The Legal Profession as a Social Process: A Theory on Lawyers and Globalization

This article proposes a processual theory of the legal profession. In contrast to the structural, interactional, and collective action approaches, this processual theory conceptualizes the legal profession as a social process that changes over space and time. The social process of the legal profession includes four components: (1) diagnostic struggles over professional expertise; (2) boundary work over professional jurisdictions; (3) migration across geographical areas and status hierarchies; and (4) exchange between professions and the state. Building on the processual theory and using China as a primary example, the author proposes a research agenda for studying lawyers and globalization that seeks to shift the focus of research from the legal elite to ordinary law practitioners, from global law firms to local law firms, and from advanced economies to emerging economies.     

警察专业发展:内涵、路径与保障

警察职业是一种专业,警察是履行执法职责的专业人员,其执法水平的提高有赖于他们的专业发展。警察系统不仅应建立包括职前高等学历教育、入职训练、在职提高一体化的、贯穿整个职业生涯的警察专业发展制度,而且,还应制定相应的专业标准和职业资格制度,促进和保障警察专业持续发展,专业地位不断提高。