行政信息公开的理论基础及现实意义

行政信息公开是现代法治国家的标志之一,是现代民主政治发展的必然要求,是依法行政的重要环节,符合人民主权的政治理念。行政信息公开满足了公民的知情权,能有效地防止行政权力的腐败,提高行政效率。这也是中国建设民主政治和法治国家的应有之义。     

论新时期我国反腐败法律制度创新

我国腐败的泛滥不在于缺少相关制度,而在于现有制度运行的失效,在于法治社会的缺失。对腐败的治理关键在于推进惩治与预防腐败体系建设,从源头上防治腐败。本文从法治社会与防止腐败关系的角度,通过廉政法治文化建设、权力法治化、民主公开的立法、司法独立等几个方面促进廉政法治社会的形成,完善反腐败的法律机制,达到限制权力防止腐败的目的。     

用公开规范权力运行

近年来,黑龙江省抚远县注重加强制度建设,通过落实公开咨询、决策、监督等制度,规范权力运行,防止权力滥用,提高了行政效能,促进了地方经济的发展。     

政务公开内容的多层次性

随着社会经济的发展、科技的进步,行政管理范围逐步扩大,政府权力日趋庞大。为了保证权力的公正行使,完善民主监督制度,客观上要求政务公开,即与行政主体职权相关的行为,原则上都应当让公众知晓了解。政务公开是监督行政的前提,只有政务公开才能防止公共权力的异化和腐败,才能对公共权力进行有效的监督。政务公开又是公众参与政治的前提,是民主权利的体现。这就决定了政务公开的内容必须是多层次、多角度的,能够最大程度满足公众参政、议政的愿望和民主监督的要求。因此,政务公开的内容应该包括:政务活动的主体公开;政务活动的过程公开;政务…     

政府信息公开的行政赔偿和行政补偿

政府信息公开在深入推进依法行政和加快建设法治政府方面,发挥着重要的作用。近年来,我国因政府信息公开而引发的争议较多,相应的救济制度却并不完善。厘清政府信息公开引发的行政赔偿和行政补偿的责任划分和赔偿范围,完善相应救济制度,可以推进民主法治的发展,真正落实权利保障与权力监督。     

江都：用制度保障权力公开运行

江苏省江都市在推进权力公开运行试点工作中，注重发挥制度的保障作用，以“决策更加科学、监督更加有力、运行更加规范、社会更加和谐”为衡量标准，扎实推进市委权力公开透明运行制度建设，为促进全市经济社会更好更快发展提供了坚强的政治保证。     

论我国人大监督权的完善

坚持和完善人大制度,是党的十五大报告的重要内容之一。人大制度是我国民主政治的核心内容,健全和完善人大制度是建设社会主义民主、实现人民当家作主的根本途径。监督制度是我国人民代表大会制度的重要组成部分。邓小平同志指出：“权力失去监督是决策失误和权力腐败的...     

运用网络监控行政权力运行

网络监控行政权力运行是指运用现代信息技术、网络技术使权力行使在网上运行，并对其进行全过程、全方位的监督。它是行政权力监控机制建设的深化，对于提高反腐倡廉科技含量，提升预防腐败效能，实现对权力运行多角度、全覆盖、经常化监督具有非常重要的作用。     

控制现代公权力腐败的重要制度就是参与民主

姜明安我们知道，公众参与、政务公开、权利制约权力与权力制约权力的结合，是现代民主政治的重要制度和特色。而这些重要制度的实现和重要特色的显示，均有赖于正当程序法律化。特别是行政程序法制化，更有赖于公权力尤其是行政杈力依正当法律程序运作。     

浅谈行政信息公开制度对公共权力腐败的遏制机理

公共权力腐败是困扰人类文明和社会发展的一个痼疾,它的存在有其必然性根源。本文首先剖析了公共权力腐败的必然性,然后阐述了行政信息公开制度产生的背景,最后重点论述了行政信息公开对公共权力腐败的遏制机理。     

PTSD,Endophenotypes, the RDoC,and the DSM-5

The search for endophenotypes that stand between genetics and disease has been applied to the diagnostic entity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Advances are being made in understanding the pathway to disorder in PTSD in terms of brain regions, neuronal networks, stress-related systems (e.g., the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis), and their underlying genetic and neurogenetic bases. The latter are affected by gene–environmental interactions and epigenetic effects, and the environment and context reciprocally interrelate with them, as well. Therefore, a primary focus on (neuro)pathophysiological intermediates in the disease pathway, as appears emphasized in the research domain criteria (RDoC) approach to etiology of psychiatric disorder, and to which the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) subscribes, might detract from a more inclusive biopsychosocial approach that would be more applicable in the case of PTSD. The paper undertakes a comprehensive review of the recent literature in the areas of endophenotypes, neurogenetics, epigenetics, neural networks, HPA axis, neuronal networks, pathways, the PTSD five-factor model, allostasis, and the RDoC criteria for psychiatric diagnosis, and then returns to the topic of endophenotypes. Neuronal networks constitute one integrating area that could help in arriving at an appropriate model of PTSD endophenotype. Pathway analysis provides a rich field for discerning individual differences in PTSD development, more so than the static approach of using DSM-5 symptom criteria. A model of endophenotypes is presented, which considers these factors in relation to PTSD. The paper concludes with implications for the DSM-5, for practice and for court, especially that it would be premature to seek individual biomarkers of PTSD given the current state of knowledge, even if it is burgeoning.     

The good, the bad, the ugly, and the Colombian peace plan

Among the many wars thatColombia is fighting, there are two that itis definitely losing – those forgovernment legitimacy and against poverty.Although the country has always shown anearly infinite capacity to turn itselfaround, its traditionally praised democracyshows fresh signs of erosion that lookalmost impossible to reverse. With solidinstitutions no longer standing, theguerrillas, the paramilitary, the corruptjustice system, and the drug producerscontinue to thrive like perennial weeds.Massacres, bombings, kidnappings and thedestruction of infrastructure continue toproduce a devastating effect on theColombian psyche. The good, the bad and theugly mix together in a pitiable realismbetween civil society and state. Theoutcome is poverty, dissatisfaction, andlack of legitimacy and hope.     

Gender, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS: the what, the why, and the how

The focus of Geeta Rao Gupta's plenary presentation of 12 July 2000 at the XIII International AIDS Conference is on the what, why, and how of gender, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS. Dr Rao Gupta discusses the factors associated with women's vulnerability to HIV; and the ways in which unequal power balance in gender relations increases not only women's, but also men's, vulnerability to HIV-despite, or rather because of, their greater power. She then addresses the question of how one is to overcome the seemingly insurmountable barriers of gender and sexual inequality. How can we change the cultural norms that create damaging, even fatal, gender disparities and roles? According to Dr Rao Gupta, an important first step is to recognize, understand, and publicly discuss the ways in which the power imbalance in gender and sexuality fuels the epidemic. She provides examples of sensitive, transformative, and empowering approaches to gender and sexuality and concludes that, in the final analysis, reducing the imbalance in power between women and men requires policies that are designed to empower women--policies that aim to decrease the gender gap in education, improve women's access to economic resources, increase women's political participation, and protect women from violence.     

Punishing the Awkward, the Stupid, the Weak, and the Selfish: The Culpability of Negligence

Negligence is a problematic basis for being morally blamed and punished for having caused some harm, because in such cases there is no choice to cause or allow—or risk causing or allowing—such harm to occur. The standard theories as to why inadvertent risk creation can be blameworthy despite the lack of culpable choice are that in such cases there is blame for: (1) an unexercised capacity to have adverted to the risk; (2) a defect in character explaining why one did not advert to the risk; (3) culpably acquiring or failing to rid oneself of these defects of character at some earlier time; (4) flawed use of those practical reasoning capacities that make one the person one is; or (5) chosen violation of per se rules about known precautions. Although each of these five theories can justify blame in some cases of negligence, none can justify blame in all cases intuitively thought to be cases of negligence, nor can any of these five theories show why inadvertent creation of an unreasonable risk, pure and simple, can be blameworthy.     

The Teamsters, the White House, the Labor Department

This paper examines the instrumental networks established between organized criminals and national politicians. Its major focus centers on the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, the Department of Labor, and the Reagan Administration. We explore the organized crime influence that affected President Reagan's selection of Raymond Donovan as Secretary of Labor. The choice of Donovan resulted in several related investigations into Donovan's association with organized criminals primarily in the construction industry in New Jersey and New York. We explain and critique the investigations thereby establishing the instrumental quality of the networks and the politics of law enforcement. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Defense Lawyer,the Accused,and the Procurator

As the matter is generally conceived, it is the accused who needs a defense attorney. Of course, it is he who needs a lawyer above all. But lawyers for the defense are no less essential to the Soviet state in its administration of justice. The administration of justice, the prosecution, and the defense are three functions, clearly differentiated from each other, that are implemented respectively by the court, the procuracy, and the institution of advocates. Together, they are called upon to assure the smooth functioning of the mechanism of struggle against crime.