农村社区养老问题探析

农村社区养老是解决农村养老问题最直接、最有效的方式之一,在整个社会发展中具有重要的现实意义。但我国农村社区养老的理论与实践仍处于初级发展阶段,存在诸多问题,因此,应该以转变农村养老观念和方式为前提,以政府财政投入和提高农民收入为支撑,以引进社会力量参与农村社区养老为重点,以完善的社会养老保障制度为保障,逐步解决农村社区养老问题。     

农村社区规范化管理刍议

在我国,部分地方政府和农村社区的管理者开始探索农村社区规范化管理问题,它表明了我国农村建设与管理正在从理念、体制、模式、途径和目标上向现代化与规范化的方向迈进.本文从农村社区组织功能与组织关系入手,探讨乡村关系、村民会议和村民委员会关系、村级民主决策机制和权力运行机制等方面的规范化问题,以期促进农村社区建设.     

Styles of Delivery of Legal Services to the Poor: A Review Article

This article was stimulated by the publication of Toward Equal Justice: A Comparative Study of Legal Aid in Modern Societies, edited by Mauro Cappelletti, James Gordley, and Earl Johnson, Jr. (Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1975), a recent and ambitious entry in the debate over alternative methods of delivering legal services to the poor. Brakel, the author of several publications in the field, feels that the portion written by Johnson, presenting the operational and research experience with legal services for the poor in this country, is one-sided and unsatisfactory and maintains that, through the process of critically examining the Johnson portion, it is possible to present a more balanced picture of the legal aid experience in the United States. This is important for the domestic audience as well as for the international readers whom the book seeks to address.     

深圳等市律师法律服务进社区活动调查报告

近几年,根据司法部、广东省司法厅提出的法律服务要面向基层、面向社区、面向群众、坚持服务的公益性、便民性的要求,广东省各地司法行政机关在开展法律服务进社区的活动中,积极探索和实践律师为社区提供法律服务工作,并取得了初步的成效和经验.为探讨在建设社会主义和谐社会的大背景下充分发挥律师的职能优势,更好地推进社区法律服务工作,我们对深圳、佛山、东莞、湛江、茂名等市特别是深圳市宝安、龙岗区律师法律服务进社区活动进行了调研,通过组织司法局、司法所、律师以及街道办、社区居委会和居民等多层面的座谈会,并到社区实地考察,对律师法律服务进社区活动的做法、成效和问题有了进一步的了解和认识,并受到了有益的启示.     

Structural Inequality and Social Support for Women Prisoners Released to Rural Communities

Incarceration and community reentry for rural women reflect gendered processes. We draw on in-depth semistructured interviews and focus groups to examine the return of women prisoners to underserved rural communities while attending to the perspectives of their closest social supporters. Our findings underscore the complexity of the reentry process for rural women and its particular impact on their families. We challenge dominant discourses of personal responsibility that detract from the structural violence and injustice shaping reentry experiences for women and their social supporters. We also consider the policy implications of discharge and reentry planning for rural women and their families as well as strategies to reduce recidivism.     

统筹城乡基本公共服务探析

统筹城乡发展是科学发展观中五个统筹中的一项内容。统筹城乡基本公共服务是统筹城乡发展的基石。然而,在实践中却存在着许多问题,本文在对统筹城乡基本公共服务存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出了提高统筹城乡发展基本公共服务水平的对策。     

Courting Custom: Regulating Access to Justice in Rural South Africa and Malawi

The continued relevance of customary law for the regulation of the daily lives of Africa's citizens poses serious governance challenges to sovereign states, such as how best to regulate customary dispute settlement. While confronted with largely similar problems, the South African government proposed to enhance and regulate the position of its traditional courts, whereas Malawi has opted for the creation of hybrid local courts that combine characteristics of regular state courts and customary fora to be the main avenue of customary law cases. This paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches and displays how the two countries’ historical and political contexts enable and constrain their regulatory choices in the field of customary dispute settlement, as well as influence the risk and benefits of the various options. In this respect, the political power of the traditional leaders is a significant determinant.     

新农民阶层与乡村司法理论的反证

作为当前学界主流的乡村司法理论,基于对乡村社会结构内向、封闭的理解,具有明显的地方化特征。然而,新农民阶层的出现及其推动的乡村社会变迁,导致乡村司法理论产生一些悖论性事实。这种变迁和悖论能够从"地位获得理论"与乡村司法运作存在的关联中加以解释。据此,现有的乡村司法理论应当有所修正,使得带有"治理"味道的地方化特征不再那么显著,转而复归到追求普适化的乡村法治化轨道。     

乡土社会民间法与基层法官解决纠纷的策略

本文从三个方面分析基层人民法院在解决民事纠纷时与乡土民间法的冲突与转化关系。着力阐释乡土社会民间法的作用 ;基层法院法官运用乡土民间法解决纠纷的原因 ;以及乡土民间法在解决纠纷时的实现过程与方式。     

Behind the Walls and Beyond: Restorative Justice,Instrumental Communities,and Effective Residential Treatment

Although restorative justice principles and practice have been applied extensively in community‐based juvenile justice settings, implementation in residential treatment facilities has been far less common. We describe recent experimentation and possibilities for broader application to disciplinary infractions, the response to harm and crime, promoting community and citizen input, “community building” for conflict resolution skill development and changing the culture of facilities, and reentry. We conceptualize three “communities” as most relevant to addressing needs of incarcerated youths, their victims, and support groups, and then discuss theoretical frameworks and empirical research supportive of restorative practice in this context. Challenges to implementation of restorative practice, compatibility with other treatment and disciplinary agendas, and concerns about preserving the integrity of the model are also considered.     

乡土纠纷解决的路径选择与正义表达

权衡长远利益与纠纷利益是村民面对纠纷时的必然策略,也是脱离了传统规约、寻求现代司法的必经之路。为此,在稳固与加强生存结构的长久发展与生存利益的有效维系之后,纠纷争执利益才提上日程。在两者发生冲突时,村民的排序首先是确保安身立命的生存结构,然后才是运用多种策略与技巧为纠纷利益的拓展寻求更多出路。可见,无论是选择诉讼还是规避法律,都不是村民的盲目之举,而恰恰是深知本土资源又明了现代司法限度的理性选择。我们发现,在现代法律与乡土情境的碰撞之中,生活在祖荫之下的村民生发出一种整体利益考量与宏大价值整合的新型正义观——"乡土正义",它吸纳了可以为村民定纷止争的一切因素与力量,而成为转型期中国农村法制发展的一个独特方向。     

The Impact of Time on Parent Perspectives on the Barriers to Services and the Service Needs of Youths in the Juvenile Justice System

The purposes of this study were: 1) to assess the overall perspectives of parents (N=115) of youths in the juvenile justice system on the barriers to and services needs of youths in the juvenile justice system; and 2) to assess the strength of the relationship between duration of time the youth has been involved in the juvenile justice system and parent perceptions of barriers and service needs. The top service need was case management. Statistically significant moderate negative correlations were found between duration of time in the juvenile justice system and Total Barrier score, and all composite barrier scores (i.e., Mismatch, Red Tape, and Inaccessibility). Statistically significant small negative correlations were found between duration of time in the juvenile justice system and the Total Service Needs score and two composite scores: Substance Abuse Services and Out‐of‐Home Services.     

How Is Criminal Justice Related to the Rest of Justice?

Are principles of criminal justice derived from a broader conception of justice, or does criminal justice involve some of its own distinctive principles such that it is not—for example—an aspect of distributive justice? Examining considerations regarding luck and desert provides an illuminating approach to this issue. The notion of desert has largely been excised from a great deal of recent political theorizing, and in particular, it has been eliminated from many influential conceptions of distributive justice. It is widely held that the pervasiveness of luck renders desert inappropriate to contexts of distributive justice, and incompatible with the freedom and equality of persons in a just political community. Should considerations of desert also have a minimal role in criminal justice—where they seem to still be important? Are considerations of desert in the context of criminal justice consistent with persons being free and equal participants in a just political community? How are principles of criminal justice related to principles of distributive justice and political justice in an overall just society? Many scholars agree that criminal justice presupposes an adequately just society. Still, that leaves open just how criminal justice relates to justice overall. That is the present topic.     

治理论还是法治论当代中国乡村司法的理论建构

当前乡村司法呈现出双二元结构形态：基层法官的司法有着法治化和治理化两种形态，乡村干部的司法则是治理化形态。综合考量乡村社会变迁及其所受到的结构性约束，双二元结构形态可以呼应乡村社会的司法需求，回应乡村纠纷的延伸性和非适法性，适应中国乡村的经济基础。在很长时间内，乡村司法都应当在法治化和治理化之间保持某种平衡。     

Disproportionate Representation: Communities of Color in the Domestic Violence,Juvenile Justice,and Child Welfare Systems

A number of State and Federal surveys show that communities of color are involved with the domestic violence, child welfare, and juvenile justice systems at rates that are disproportionately higher than their population size. As courts are responsible for decisions that could propel families into these systems, it has become increasingly critical that judges become aware of these trends. This article will provide an overview of the current statistics on the disproportionate representation of communities of color in the domestic violence, child welfare, and juvenile justice systems. It will discuss the factors that are contributing to these trends and present preliminary recommendations for judicial leadership and decision making.     

创新社会管理视阈下的农村公共服务建设

在创新社会管理的框架下,加强农村公共服务建设,一要尊重农民的主体地位,切实保障农民在农村公共服务建设中的知情权、参与权、决策权和监督权;二要贯彻基本公共服务均等化原则,确保农村公共服务建设的公平性;三要创新工作方式方法,提高农村公共服务建设的可接受度。     

以司法回应时代:通过司法的社会治理——以卡多佐司法实用主义哲学为导引

国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化构建对司法提出了更高的要求。一方面,司法需要落实国家法秩序,实现国家法律的各种安排与预测。另一方面,司法需要回应社会,实现司法的社会治理。而要透过司法的社会治理离不开卡多佐司法实用主义哲学。并且要对中国当下的司法能量发挥、社会转型、全面推进依法治国、司法权威、司法公信力等因素予以考量。在此基础上才能构建具有多样司法特质、与政治良性互动、塑造时代价值、自身良性发展的中国司法理想图景。