当代的启迪

腐败关系到民心的向背、执政的安危。各国的腐败与反腐败的斗争一直没有止息过。腐败现象为人类社会深恶痛绝。随着人民群众民主意识的觉醒,反腐败的呼声越来越高,掀起了一场席卷全球的反贪风暴。 席卷全球的风暴 自从产生国家以来,腐败与廉政作为两种相互对立的社会现象,一直此消彼长地斗争着,成为人们所关注的热点问题。本世纪80年代末、90年代初,各国内部政治斗争加剧,人民反金钱政治、要求民主、建立廉洁政府的呼声高涨,在世界范围内,一场前所未有的反贪     

韩国反腐败法述评——附:韩国《关于腐败防止与国民权益委员会设立运营法》

韩国关注腐败问题并且大力打击腐败行为始于20世纪90年代,至今,韩国相继制定了《腐败防止法》、《公务员行为守则法》、《公职人员伦理法》、《公益举报人保护法》以及《关于腐败防止与国民权益委员会设立运营法》等相关法律,以推动反腐败法制的构建.总体而言,韩国的反腐败法制在近十多年取得一定成效,不仅对较多官员、公职人员进行了处罚,包括对全斗焕、卢泰愚等前总统的审判,还加大对现代、三星和SK集团等等企业腐败行为的处罚力度.从韩国社会来看,民众对于反腐败的评价指数也在逐步提高.但是,韩国仍需从多方面加强构筑国家的反腐败机制,并提高推行反腐败政策的效率.     

改革开放以来我国反腐败思想的变迁——基于中共十二大以来历届党的报告的视角

随着我国政治文明的不断进步和发展,民主政治的建设不断加强。腐败是我国政治改革与发展中的一大难题,如何有效地发现和制止腐败是国家社会主义民主政治建设的一项重要课题。深入研究七十年代末以来我国的反腐败思想,既是对改革开放以来我国反腐败的阶段性理论总结,也是为未来的反腐之路提供指引。     

坚持标本兼治 强化监督制约

党的十五大以来，云南省烟草专卖局纪检监察工作坚持党的基本路线，认真贯彻党的路线方针政策和国家的法律法规，从云南烟草的实际出发，紧紧围绕云南烟草改革、发展、稳定的大局，始终坚持反腐败工作三项任务，大胆实践，坚持标本兼治、综合治理，创造性地抓好云南省烟草系统的党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争工作，为云南“两烟”发展创造良好的生产经营环境做出了积极的贡献。不断完善各项监督制约制度在几年来反腐败和党风廉政建设的工作实践中，云南省局始终认为：权力失去制约和监督，必然会导致腐败。建立健全制度，以法制遏制腐败，是预防…     

反腐是经济发展助推器

正党的十八大以来,新一届中央领导集体从党和国家长治久安的战略高度出发,深入开展反腐败斗争,坚决刹风整纪,重拳出击、收效显著,赢得了广大人民群众的一致拥护。但是,仍然有观点认为,反腐败会影响经济发展。说什么反腐败工作抓狠了不利于集中精力抓经济工作,会伤害原有的经贸关系。这类把发展经济与反对腐败对立起来的观点不但是片面的,而且是危险的。发展经济与反对腐败,二者都是人民群众期望办好的大事,反腐败不仅无伤经济发展,而且是经济持续健康发展的助推器。反腐增强发展信心。近年来,党中央始终以坚定不移的决心推动党风廉政建设和反腐败工作,从打"虎"     

认真学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神 建设让人民群众可感知的公证公信力

正党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为总书记的党中央高度重视党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争,全面推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设,取得了显著成效。习近平总书记在十八届中央纪委三次全会上的重要讲话,全面分析了当前党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争面临的形势,深刻阐释了一系列重大理论和实践问题,明确提出当前和今后一个时期党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的总体思路和主要任务,充分表明了我们党反对腐败的坚强意志和坚定决心,为深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争指明了方向。十八届中央纪委三次全会回顾总结     

中国的反腐败和廉政建设

（2010年12月）目录 前言 一、坚定不移地推进反腐败和廉政建设 二、反腐败和廉政建设领导体制与工作机制 三、反腐败和廉政建设法律法规制度体系 四、权力制约和监督体系 五、通过体制改革和制度创新防治腐败 六、依法依纪查处腐败案件 七、廉政教育和廉政文化建设 八、反腐败国际交流与合作结束语     

腐败的资格

腐败是可耻的吗?当然。再喜欢往自己脸上贴金的官员,哪个敢在公开场合承认自己腐败?不算上世纪80年代初的反"不正之风",大张旗鼓地"反腐败"迄今也反了20多年了。     

腐败测量:基于腐败、反腐败与风险的视角

腐败测量是一个重要的理论命题,也是社会各界关注的焦点。如何建立科学的腐败测量指标体系是目前腐败问题理论研究的热点,也是反腐败机构十分关注的问题。研究通过对国内外已有研究成果的梳理,结合国际组织和国内外一些政府的实践探索,论证了腐败测量的理论背景,分析了其中涉及的关键问题,提出从腐败状况、反腐败绩效、腐败风险三个维度测量腐败的框架,在此基础上论证了腐败测量指标体系设计的总体思路,构建了具有系统性的指标体系,为腐败测量提供新的理论和实践工具。     

中国反腐败立法的战略转型及其体系化构建

中国正处于现代化转型以来腐败治理的重要转折点与战略机遇期,积极推进国家反腐败立法战略转型与体系化构建,实现反腐败立法由形式治理向实质治理功能的转化,是破解当下"中国式"腐败治理困局之关键。科学评估反腐败立法治理能力的状况,确立"积极治理主义"理念在国家腐败治理体系中的首要地位,创新由国家法与政党法"二元"规范体系与衔接机制,创立国家腐败治理基本法、分步推进体系完善,是推进中国反腐败立法战略转型的必然选择。明确立法原则,实施功能立法,公布立法清单,实施重点化构建、系统化推进、协同化衔接,形成以《反腐败法》为中心,重点预防性立法为支撑、控权性法律相配合的多层次、立体化、综合化的反腐立法体系,是中国反腐败立法之体系化构建的核心。     

再论不确定法律概念之司法审查———立足于第103号行政审判指导案例的考察简

不确定法律概念往往成为行政诉讼争议的焦点.实践中,法院消极审查可能导致行政诉讼目的难以实现,积极审查又可能干涉行政权的行使.然而,国内学者的观点——不确定法律概念可分为经验概念和价值概念,对于经验概念,法院可以进行严格审查;对于价值概念,法院应给予高度的尊重——在司法权与行政权地位明显失衡的现状下以及在实现行政诉讼目的和司法最终裁决原则的要求下,已经明显“站不住脚”了.本文通过对第103号行政审判指导案例的分析,认为应确立对所有不确定法律概念都可进行司法审查的原则,在此前提下依据对不确定法律概念进行的重新分类再确定相应的司法审查程度和司法审查标准.     

Local Processes of National Corruption: Elite Linkages and Their Effects on Poor People in India

This paper provides a bottom–up view of national corruption in India and presents a framework of corruption involving three actors: bureaucrat, politician and legitimate claimant. The paper then focuses on the public service provision of social security in an Indian village and the role of elites in perpetuating the corrupt practices to access this public provision. This study is based on an extensive fieldwork and uses network data. First, I show that the political elite bridges the ‘structural hole’ between the institutions of state and society, have the advantage of information, referrals and are the main beneficiary of local corrupt practices. Second, factional politics is carried out through the use of corruption and it results in exclusion of the poor persons from the welfare rights to which they are entitled. The paper also explores how the local processes of corruption interact with state-level processes and shows how protest against corruption is silenced.     

中国贿赂犯罪立法之缺陷与完善——以适用《联合国反腐败公约》为视角

<联合国反腐败公约>倡导预防为先、打击为主、强调国际合作、重视资产追回的反腐法律理念与制度机制,为各国加强国内的反腐败行动、提高反腐败成效、促进国际反腐败合作提供了国际法律基础和强力支持.参照<公约>有关贿赂犯罪的立法规定,对我国刑事实体法关于贿赂犯罪的立法进行考察,认为我国<刑法>对贿赂犯罪的规定与<公约>的相关规定虽然有着许多相互对应的地方,但二者"形似神离",在贿赂犯罪的主体、贿赂的范围、贿赂犯罪的构成要件、贿赂犯罪处罚的对称性及刑罚配置等方面各不相同.最后提出了完善我国贿赂犯罪立法的七点建议.     

《联合国反腐败公约》与非法证据排除规则

本文论述了《联合国反腐败公约》与非法证据排除规则的关系,分析了非法证据排除规则在反腐败的国际合作中对请求国和被请求国取证和采纳证据的影响,提出:为了使反腐败的国际刑事司法合作顺利进行,必须了解和研究各国的非法证据排除规则,遵守联合国刑事司法准则中有关非法证据排除规则的规定。作者分析了我国非法证据排除规则的现状,建议我国结合《联合国反腐败公约》和其他联合国刑事司法准则确立和实施非法证据排除规则。     

Laws without teeth: An overview of the problems associated with corruption in Ukraine

This paper presents an overview of the current problems of corruption in Ukraine. It provides an example of specific corruption practices in the country and describes the general provisions related to the fight against corruption in Ukraine. The paper presents preliminary results of a pilot study of corruption in Ukraine to examine the impact of corruption on thefinancial markets. We support the proposition of Claessens, Djankov, andKlingebiel (2000) that the development of financial institutions and the improvement of financial market services in a nation can be viewed as indicators of the effectiveness of the economic, political, and legal reforms and the dedication of the government to these reforms. The paper ends with a discussion of the role of the international community in the fight against corruption in Ukraine.     

How damages recovery actions can improve the fight against corruption: the crisis of criminal law policies and the role of private enforcement in an Italian case of judicial corruption

In many countries corruption is rife, despite the fact that there is a criminal-law legislative framework for corruption. Italy is one of these countries. The commitment of judges and prosecutors to combating instances of corruption is often frustrated by the consequences of the excessive length of the proceedings. The fight against corruption has been carried out mainly in the field of criminal law. The criminalisation of corruption both in domestic and in international contexts is not enough to reduce corrupt practices. In the last decade another front in the fight against corruption has been explored: the private law approach as a complement to criminal law policies. Indeed, the same corrupt practise may be subject both to criminal proceedings by public authority and to civil proceedings by the victims of corruption. The argument that private law instruments may be used in order to achieve a public policy goal is not new and goes beyond the definition of "private enforcement" in the context of competition law. The idea of creating a favourable social and legal background to encourage the victims of anti-competitive practices can also be transposed to the fight against corruption. In fact, in many cases of corruption the low percentage of successful criminal persecution and the class of punishment associated with corruption offences do not represent a deterrent, considering the benefits deriving from bribe. This paper aims to address the question as to whether private law remedies under national legal systems could constitute an effective disincentive against corrupt practices, alongside criminal prosecutions. The case CIR vs. Fininvest, Lodo Mondadori is one of the first cases involving damages actions resulting from corrupt practices, and addresses two of the main obstacles to civil actions in this field: evidence and the quantification of damages.     

传统中国政治化惩贪例析——以唐前期为中心

传统中国政治斗争无处不在，在政治斗争的需要下，政治化惩贪应运而生。政治化惩贪是以惩贪为名，行打击政敌之实。专制政体下政治权力制衡的缺失是政治化惩贪产生的根本原因，官员多贪贿的事实及政治斗争的需要是政治化惩贪产生的直接原因。政治化惩贪对传统中国惩贪实践整体产生了深刻影响，使其表现出选择性办案、选择性不办案、用刑畸轻畸重等特点，惩贪的效果由此大打折扣，而传统中国的政治斗争也因此更趋激烈复杂。     

Measuring Government Favouritism Objectively: The Case of Romanian Public Construction Sector

Government favouritism in the allocation of public funds raises costs for any society in which corruption prevails. Particularistic transactions can be identified in three different situations: uncompetitive awards of public contracts when there is only one “competitive” tender, when public money is spent on contracts supplied by politically connected firms, and a situation of capture in which one private contractor obtains a disproportionate share of contracts issued by some public agency. This present research has tested for the relevance of those three types of particularistic transactions that signal government favouritism as they apply to the Romanian construction sector for the period from 2007-2013, and to do so has made use of original public procurement databases. Furthermore, it will be proposed here that the “kickback”—a percentage of particularistic awarded values—can be used as a measurement of corruption. Even conservatively estimated, kickbacks account for much of the cost borne by any society that fails to eradicate corruption. For our purposes here, amounts of kickbacks at county level have been controlled against criminal convictions for corruption at county level. As a result, data analysis provides strong evidence that kickbacks based on particularistic allocation of public funds are indeed relevant in the measurement of corruption, and the steps used to evaluate kickbacks can be used just as well for other countries.     

权力腐败的法理透析

坚决惩治权力腐败和有效预防权力腐败,关系人心向背和党的生死存亡,这一重大课题始终是我们党和国家面临的重大政治任务。权力腐败是权力的权利化和权力的非责任化,因为权力时刻存在着走向腐败的可能性,权力具有私欲性,权力具有可交换性,权力具有不平等性。权力腐败的本质是剥削,其法律属性与民本、民生、和谐社会、核心价值体系完全相悖。要充分认识反腐倡廉建设的战略意义,充分认识反腐败斗争的长期性、复杂性和艰巨性。     

简论反腐技术侦查程序制衡机制构建

当前,中国腐败现象较为严重,职务犯罪处于高发态势,犯罪手段不断升级,证据获取困难重重,这与检察机关缺乏有效地技术侦查措施有内在联系。可借鉴其他国家的做法,赋予检察机关职务犯罪技术侦查权,并严格规定其适用范围、审批程序、执行程序和救济程序。相关程序的合理建构,有利于有效收集诉讼证据,落实刑事程序法治,顺应科技强检趋势,对接国际公约。