马克思主义中国化基本途径再思考——以毛泽东的艰辛探索为例

毛泽东作为马克思主义中国化事业的开拓者和奠基人,对推进马克思主义中国化进行了艰辛探索.毛泽东推进马克思主义中国化有四个基本途径:一是坚持用马克思主义基本理论教育党员和干部,提高全党理论水平;二是以马克思主义为指导解答中国社会历史课题,实现马克思主义普遍真理与中国革命和建设具体实际相结合;三是以马克思主义为指导总结中国革命和建设的独特经验,积极推进中国化马克思主义发展和成熟;四是以马克思主义为指导批判继承中国历史文化遗产,实现马克思主义与中国优秀文化传统的相结合.     

Particularism versus Universalism in the Brazilian Public Administration Literature

The author draws on the Brazilian public administration literature to discuss the conflict between the need to remain open to lessons from elsewhere, while at the same time remaining grounded in a particular local context. The article begins by presenting calls by a number of Brazilian public administration scholars for what might be termed an "administrative particularism," or an assertion that universal lessons do not apply in the discipline. This is followed by a discussion of the challenges that these and other Brazilian public administration scholars identify. Further discussion will suggest these challenges, and many of the solutions most commonly offered for them, imply that, far from a uniquely Brazilian public administration, the country seeks to move closer to the model of public administration practiced elsewhere, especially in the developed world.     

当代中国语境下的能动司法

现代社会的能动司法强调法官具有创制规则的权力,以及司法机关形塑公共政策和参与政治治理的主动性。在当代中国,社会发展的转型特征和创新特征决定了司法的能动性,能动司法强调改变法院被动审判的固有模式,围绕经济发展、社会稳定,综合考量、利益衡平、柔性司法,这种司法理念反映出在我国政治制度中司法功能的社会担当。能动司法在当代中国的实践路径包括:以司法解释的方式回应社会需求,以司法建议的形式协助参与社会管理,改革诉讼机制特别是加大调解力度等。     

中国语境中的公共道德与公民道德辨析

公德是一个范围极广的概念,公共道德和公民道德都属于公德范畴,然而,这两个词的含义并不相同。公民道德的培养有赖于公民社会的建立。而公德心却是任何一个形态的社会所必须有的。因此,澄清公民道德和公共道德的含义及其适用范围不仅有利于认清我国目前所存在的公德问题,而且有助于公共道德和公民道德的培养。     

尼克松时期中美关系缓和的国际背景

二十世纪七十年代初,随着冷战国际形势的变化,在东北亚对峙的中美两国开始调整自己的对外政策,两国关系由对峙走向缓和。这一趋势的出现有着深刻的国际背景。美国国力衰退,受越南战争和国内反战形势影响,对共产主义的全面遏制战略转变为全球收缩、拉拢盟友共同抵抗苏联;苏联在这一时期开始展现出全面的进攻态势,四面出击;中苏关系交恶。在这些国际大背景的推动下,中美关系走向缓和。     

列宁时代观的原生语境及其中国回响

列宁时代观在马克思主义发展史和社会主义建设史上,占有举足轻重的地位。之所以这么重要,很大程度上源于其独特的原生语境即当时民族、战争问题引起的种种争议,垄断资本和殖民主义联姻造成独特的时代景观,由此形成了其独特的致思方式、理路,即针对重大的具体现实问题来探究时代定位,具有鲜明的直接现实性和问题针对性。列宁时代观把经典马克思主义时代观的基本原则和俄国当时的具体实际相结合,作出了两种不同维度的贡献,一是关涉时代界分依据、把握时代的基本理据等一般性的时代理论;二是具体的帝国主义时代论。列宁时代观不但在经典马克思主义时代观基础上作出了很多原创性贡献,而且在当代中国产生了巨大反响。     

China: Administrative Corruption — Experience in a Comparative Context

As a new world economy emerges what is being learned about the accompanying phenomenon of administrative corruption? To probe this question we combine study of current developments in China with prevailing theories of corruption. The administrative corruption experience, as it has unfolded during the economic development thrust of the Deng reform era, is described and analysed in a comparative context. In specifically interjecting the American experience we suggest that a balanced control response to corruption —rather than an elimination focus—could be a fruitful avenue for policy and research, and that informal, social approaches to corruption control are pregnant with possibilities. China's experience offers a significant opportunity to push the margin of wisdom on these issues as they relate to economic and political development.     

Indigenous Australians and the rules of the social security system: Universalism, appropriateness and justice

Noel Pearson has recently argued that inclusion, over the last 30 years, in a 'passive' welfare system has been to the detriment of Aboriginal society. This article approaches the inclusion of Aboriginal people in the social security system from a slightly different perspective, while taking seriously Pearson's concerns. It argues that, despite norms and aspirations of universalism, rules within the social security system are social constructs derived from and intended for the particular social and economic circumstances of the dominant society. When those rules are applied to the very different social and economic circumstances of minority groups, such as Indigenous Australians, major issues of adaptation and interpretation arise. This article draws on research experience spanning 20 years on relations between Indigenous Australians and the social security system to illustrate the degree to which adaptation has occurred, in the pursuit of realism. However, it also argues that current relations between the social security system and Indigenous Australians are not just and fair because the rules of the system do not equally reflect Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples' social and economic circumstances.     

Rethinking the training of intelligence analysts

Abstract

Despite intense scrutiny and promised fixes resulting from intelligence ‘transformation’ efforts, erroneous analytic assessments persist and continue to dominate news coverage of the US intelligence community. Existing analytic training teaches analysts about common cognitive biases and then aims to correct them with structured analytic techniques. On its face, this approach is eminently reasonable; on close inspection, incomplete and imbalanced. Current training is anchored in a mid-twentieth century understanding of psychology that focuses on checking over-confidence and rigidity but ignores the problems of under-confidence and excessive volatility. Moreover it has never been validated against objective benchmarks of good judgment. We propose a new approach: (a) adopting scientifically validated content and regularly testing training to avoid institutionalizing new dogmas; (b) incentivizing analysts to view training guidelines as means to the end of improved accuracy, not an end in itself.     

关于我国财务会计目标的再思考

财务会计目标是财务会计理论体系的基础,即期望会计达到的目的或境界.近年来我国经济社会发生了较大变化,我国会计目标理论应该适应这一发展形势的需要.通过梳理关于财务会计目标的一般理论,考察我国当前财务会计目标设定的客观环境,提出了"以受托责任为主,兼顾决策有用"的财务会计目标思路.