Six general principles of intelligence

The KGB's loyal critic

Oleg Kalugin (with Fern Montaigne): The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West St. Martin's Press, New York, 1994, 375 p., $23.95.

Marks for the Marxists

Craig R. Whitney: Spy Trader: Germany's Devil's Advocate and the Darkest Secrets of the Cold War Times Books/Random House, New York, 1993, 375 p., $25.00.

Miffed in Canada

Mike Frost and Michel Gratton: Spyworld: Inside the Canadian and American Intelligence Establishments Doubleday Canada Limited, 1994, 280 p., $29.95 Cdn.

Will we ever know?

Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov with Jerrold L. and Leona P. Schecter: Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness — A Soviet Spymaster; Foreword by Robert Conquest Little, Brown and Company, Boston and New York, 1994, 532 p., $24.95.

Defense's tormented soul

Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley: Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1992, 387 p., $30.00.

Anti‐Semitic spies

John Loftus and Mark Aarons: The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Betrayed The Jewish People St. Martin's Press, New York, 1994, 658 p., $26.95.     

Aviation security and terrorism

Abstract

The author asserts that a sophisticated sabotage threat to U.S. international civil aviation has been well known to the U.S. government and air carriers since the early 1980s. He believes that both the U.S. government and air carriers have failed to do enough to counter this sabotage threat. He cites the findings of the President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism (May 1990), and the enactment of the Aviation Security Improvement Act (Nov. 1990) to support his beliefs. The author concludes by providing a recipe for corrective action.     

Terrorism and national security

The surge in mass casualty terror attacks during the first decade of the 21st century presented a special challenge for health organizations. Unique types of injury resulting from these Mass Casualty Events called for special capabilities to restore the balance between immediate demands and scarce resources. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), to both victims and healthcare providers and first responders required extra knowledge and early intervention. All these and the concerns of the possibilities of non-conventional weapons terror attacks, led to the defining of “Terror Medicine”, a new medical field. This field evolves the medical macro management of terror attacks, the focused clinical management of the specific injuries and coping with the aftermath consequences. The scope of Terror Medicine is: Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. The evolution and trends of Terror Medicine is discussed in this article.     

Understanding food security and international security links in the context of climate change

Food production has been changing significantly in recent years as a result of climate change and of growing demand for food. This article aims to understand the link between food security and international security in the context of climate change, applying a systematic and qualitative analysis of the literature using the bibliometric method. This research observes that climate change tends to affect agricultural productivity, exposing societies to risk and the need for migration. However, good governance, together with international cooperation, can reduce the hazards of food insecurity, strengthening ties between countries and stimulating a fairer and more inclusive form of international trade.     

Informal socialization in public organizations: Exploring the impact of informal socialization on enforcement behaviour of Dutch veterinary inspectors

Organizations try to socialize employees' behaviour through formal practices such as training programmes and selection procedures. This article focuses on how times of informal socialization, outside the organization's direct sphere of influence, impact the behaviour of employees. The research is based on data from 67 semi‐structured interviews with Dutch veterinary inspectors in a cross‐sectional and a longitudinal panel. Their work is characterized by intensive and at times adverse contact with inspectees, yet limited interaction with their colleagues. The results show that informal socialization has an important impact on the organizational socialization of inspectors, and provides further insights into the dynamic interplay between formal socialization practices and informal socialization. In addition, the research provides empirical evidence for the role of emotional processes in organizational socialization.     

Global poverty and orthodox security

This article examines the way in which the discourses of security and development have merged in the past decade as an important strand of global governance. It shows why this merging of discourses has occurred and assesses whether the newly embedded security-development discourse provides adequate conceptual tools for understanding the causes of global poverty. It concludes by setting out three paths that emerge from this security-development discourse and suggests that the ontological and epistemological claims at the heart of this understanding of International Relations and global poverty serve to reinforce global hierarchies of social power and privilege.     

Central Asia and regional security

This paper aims to analyze the politico-military cooperation among the Central Asian countries viewed as a key factor in ensuring the regional security. Today, the geopolitical tension in the surrounding regions, the worsening situation in Afghanistan, as well as intraregional socio-economic problems directly affect the security situation in Central Asia. In this regard, the question arises as to how well the Central Asian states are able to meet these challenges. The analysis of the situation in the region in the 1990s and at the beginning of the new century shows that attempts have been made to establish a regional security system based on military cooperation among Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. However, unregulated interstate relations in Central Asia, the lack of political will to cooperate with leaders of neighboring countries and the combination of external and internal threats have contributed to the creation of a regional security system based on the multilateral structures with the involvement of external actors.