社区矫正与社会工作的关系

自2003年以来,社区矫正试点工作在我国广泛开展,初步形成了社区矫正制度.很多省市采纳社会工作专业力量助推社区矫正,取得了明显成效.但是,如何厘清社会工作在社区矫正中的地位和作用,直接关系到社会力量介入社区矫正的方式和效果.本文通过分析社区矫正与社会工作的关系,对社会工作在社区矫正中的定位进行了探讨.     

The electoral connection of ministerial selection in the UK

Many studies have examined the determinants of ministerial selection. However, the effect of electoral incentives on government post allocation has so far not been studied in the literature. Drawing on data from the United Kingdom over the period 1992–2015, this article investigates the relationship between the selection of ministers and the electoral interests of the actors in this selection process – party leaders and members of parliament (MPs). The findings demonstrate that the greater the electoral safety of constituencies, the more likely are MPs to have a higher office. The results reveal a broader conception of party strategy in government formation than previously documented. The paper thus suggests that electorates can affect the allocation of ministerial positions in the UK.     

The hidden electoral connection: analysing parliamentary questions in the Chilean Congress

Legislators in presidential countries use a variety of mechanisms to advance their electoral careers and connect with relevant constituents. The most frequently studied activities are bill initiation, co-sponsoring, and legislative speeches. In this paper, the authors examine legislators’ information requests (i.e. parliamentary questions) to the government, which have been studied in some parliamentary countries but remain largely unscrutinised in presidential countries. The authors focus on the case of Chile – where strong and cohesive national parties coexist with electoral incentives that emphasise the personal vote – to examine the links between party responsiveness and legislators’ efforts to connect with their electoral constituencies. Making use of a new database of parliamentary questions and a comprehensive sample of geographical references, the authors examine how legislators use this mechanism to forge connections with voters, and find that targeted activities tend to increase as a function of electoral insecurity and progressive ambition.     

The electoral connection in presidential systems: non-legislative actions inside the Chilean congress

The purpose of this article is to explore how the features of districts affect representation activities in the Chilean Congress. Based on an analysis of interventions by deputies in the so-called Incidents Hour (Hora de Incidentes), we argue that district conditions affect the kind of appeals that deputies make. Specifically, we test two main hypotheses: a) that the degree of rurality of districts predicts greater use of policy intervention at the local level (local credit claiming), and b) that distance from the centre is an incentive for deputies to taking a position on local issues (local position taking). This article contributes to an understanding of how institutional spaces in the Congress serve not only as instruments for legislation but also, and with equal relevance, for representing constituents at the district level.     

论绿色壁垒的性质——以环境与贸易的关系为视角

当今的国际社会面临着日渐严峻的环境问题,许多国家相继在国际贸易中采取被称之为"绿色壁垒"的环保措施.对此,东西方国家争论不断.本文分析了环境保护与自由贸易的辩证关系,提出绿色壁垒是环境与贸易妥协的必然产物,体现了两者的兼容.虽然绿色壁垒具有一定的双重性,但不能掩盖其积极的本质.     

关于警民关系与社会稳定的思考

社会稳定是国家建设发展的保障,是国家繁荣昌盛的根基。保障社会稳定是公安机关的任务,也是公安工作的最终目的。警民关系是政群关系在社会上最直接的反映,体现着国家的执政状况、民主程度和文明进程,也是影响社会稳定的关键因素。警民和谐不仅是公安机关履行本职工作的重要基础,更是社会稳定的题中要义。     

医患关系是一种特殊的侵权责任法律关系

医患法律关系性质的界定是正确理解法律、适用法律的基础。我国相关学说虽然多,但仅仅是站在某一个立场,或以某一现象为基础,难免会有失偏颇。理论界的研究尚欠深入,司法实践中也有不少问题。文章从法学的角度论证,医患法律关系的基本性质是民事法律关系,它不属于民事合同关系,而与侵权责任关系有相似,但由于医学科学和医疗行为的特殊性,它应是一种特殊的侵权责任法律关系。     

The connection of police strategies for coping with workplace problems to stress in two countries

This research examined the direct effects of coping strategies on stress and the moderating effects of coping strategies on the associations between workplace problems experienced by police and stress in South Korea and the United States. Data revealed that coping strategies did not change the strength of connections between workplace problems and stress. Especially in the United States, the use of escape as a coping strategy was related to high stress. Findings were most consistent with the use of organizational-level interventions to increase police officers' job control and advancement opportunities, and pointed to the need to consider support as a way to limit stress.     

从卫生监督稽查视角审视行刑衔接工作

为了有效打击、震慑违法犯罪分子,保障人民身体健康,维护社会和谐稳定,行刑衔接工作机制在卫生行政执法工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用,本文拟结合日常工作实际,从卫生监督稽查视角审视卫生行政执法与刑事司法相衔接工作。     

侦诉衔接下主办侦查员制度的适用与优化

主办侦查员制度进一步强化了侦查活动与侦查监督、审查起诉、审判等工作之间的衔接,而侦诉衔接的过程中主办侦查员与其他诉讼主体在理念、方法和思维方面存在差异,成为了主办侦查员制度发挥功效所面临的困境。对此,主办侦查员制度在施行与适用的过程中应当注重对主办侦查员法治化理念的强化,明确侦查中立性要求,提升侦查诉讼性目标,以主办侦查员主动化、负责制、提升侦查质量为方法实现侦诉衔接下主办侦查员制度的优化。     

Measures of opportunity and the calculation of the arson rate: The connection between operationalization and association

The crime of arson is complicated in part because of the motives associated with the offense and the vast assortment of combustible objects or targets deliberately burned in urban areas. This research attempts to conceptualize the crime in light of criminal law and demonstrates that arson occupies a rather unique position. Although classified as a property crime, the legislative intent appears to focus on the protection of human life. Moreover, legislative developments have brought us to the point where burning almost any property is designated arson. There is a growing concern over the incidence of arson, but there has been little discussion of how to calculate the arson rate when the targets of opportunity are not known. The exploratory research presented here addresses the structure of arson rates by using an assortment of indirect and direct measures of opportunity as denominators in the calculation of the arson rate. Factor analysis reduces a 27×27 correlation matrix to six significant factors and demonstrates that some measures share the same underlying rate structure. By using a factorbase scale (dependent variable) for each factor and a set of independent variables, regression analysis reveals that there are differences in the direction of association, the degree of association, and the types of independent variables that associate with different measures of the arson rate.     

CIA assets and the rise of the Guadalajara connection

Why do some drug traffickers prosper and grow powerful while others languish behind bars? The answer usually depends less on their ruthlessness than their political protection. That principle holds true on the international level no less than on the domestic level. Since World War II, one of the most critical sources of such institutional protection for the drug trade has been the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. An ideal illustration of this phenomenon was rise of the Guadalajara Cartel in Mexico, one of the largest drug suppliers to the North American market in the late 1970s and 1980s. Its extraordinary success is explained by its connections first to the Mexican intelligence agency DFS and, through it, to the CIA.     

Computed tomography as routine in connection with medico-legal autopsies

CT-scanning as routine examination before medico-legal autopsy was introduced at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen, Denmark, in December 2002. The present series comprises of 525 medico-legal examinations performed in the year 2003. The purpose is to determine the value of CT-scanning prior to the post-mortem examination. All findings, CT- as well as patho-anatomic findings - more than 4000 - were registered in a database. To increase the clearness, the findings are divided in accordance to regions such as head, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, extremities and vessels and the CT-findings are compared to the patho-anatomic findings, with the purpose to estimate the advantages and disadvantages with the two types of examination. The preliminary results show, that the CT-scanner is superior when it comes to detection of extremity fractures. The scanner has ability in detecting hemorrhages and hematomas, especially, intracranial.     

Test for contamination in connection with renovation of post-PCR laboratories

The Teilum building housing the Department of Forensic Medicine at the University of Copenhagen was renovated in 2021/22. All windows were replaced, and the heating system was upgraded. During the renovation, the usual measures to prevent PCR products from escaping the post-PCR laboratories could not be maintained, since construction workers had to move in and out of the rooms carrying tools and debris. Instead, new measures were introduced, that included 1) the construction of a changing room for the workers with immediate access to the post-PCR laboratories, 2) clothing and shoes for the workers, that should only be worn inside the post-PCR laboratories, and 3) strict limitations on the areas the workers could enter, while renovating the post-PCR laboratories. Samples were taken before, during and after the renovation to monitor the possible spread of PCR products from the post-PCR areas. Mixtures of gDNA and PCR products were detected in only three of the 303 samples. All three samples were collected from the post-PCR areas prior to the renovation began, which indicated that the renovation did not cause wide-spread contamination of PCR products.     

生态环境执法与刑事司法衔接中的证据问题及解决

行政执法与刑事司法的证据衔接必须放在具体的执法领域才能看到具体的问题,就环境执法证据向环境刑事司法的衔接而言,存在着以下问题:环境执法机关片面收集违法、犯罪证据,忽视无罪证据;环境执法机关非法手段取得的证据在衔接中被技术性合法化,从而冲击排除规则的本意;环境执法机关在刑事立案的取证类似于刑事初查,但由于主体不适格、调查目的和主动性与刑事初查完全不同、取证程序与刑事诉讼有较大差距等原因,并不具有证据能力.解决问题的方法在于打破刑事侦查体制壁垒,赋予环境执法机关以除对人身采取强制措施以外的的刑事侦查权.