高校司法鉴定机构在学校的地位和作用

从高校司法鉴定机构的角度,论述了高校司法鉴定机构主要特征和性质。高校的发展离不开教学、科研和社会服务三个方面,高校司法鉴定机构的发展为教学提供了优秀的实习基地,是培养科研和社会中高级专业人才的基地;是教学方法创新、教学资料积累和师生观念转变的源泉;高校司法鉴定机构拥有良好的社会声誉;为科研提供研究内容,教学和科研成果的转化推动了高校和司法鉴定的发展,有利于优势学科组成学科群式的集成平台,并促进司法鉴定制度的完善和发展。     

论国家统一司法考试对法学本科教育的影响

司法考试是律师、法官和检察官的资格考试,是职业教育的一个组成部分。在我国法学院校,司法考试已经成为影响本科教学的一个十分重要的因素。本科阶段的法学教育有"应试教育"的趋势,课堂教学慢慢演变成"司法考试培训班",这背离了法学本科阶段的教育宗旨。法学本科阶段的教育宗旨是通识教育,职业教育应当在后本科阶段进行。因此,在本科阶段的教育中,应当尽可能减少司法考试的影响。     

“Being a topic expert is not sufficient”: a mixed-method analysis of teaching dynamics at the Tasmania police academy

ABSTRACT

In unpacking the results of an in-depth longitudinal program evaluation, and in light of literature on police education, we analyse the various elements that contribute to the dynamic delivery of teaching in a police academy. A mixed-method analysis of 5 years of student evaluations enriched with the views of police education managers, coordinators, and educators provides an overview of the circumstances in which educators teach police recruits, the dynamics which unfold when teaching police, and the necessary characteristics for educators when addressing a police audience. This analysis positions the Tasmanian model of police education as an interesting case study in the midst of relatively critical literature about police education, and even more cautious studies on higher education partnerships in policing.     

An Evaluation of a Delaware Teen Court

The Kent County Teen Court Program (teen court) provides sanctions for juvenile delinquency from a panel of a juvenile's peers rather than from a Family Court Judge. Part of the concept behind teen peer courts is that the sanction from one's peers carries more weight than sanctions from adults. The Delaware Criminal Justice Council (CJC) awarded a grant to Delaware ‐ Teen Courts, Inc. to support the operation of the Kent County Teen Court Program. The teen court program was designed to provide participants with hands‐on education in the judicial process, to create a sanction pro‐ gram that will not create a permanent record for a juvenile, and to foster, a sense of community responsibility in the program participants. The teen court program is an adult model teen court in which all of the judicial actors are juveniles with the exception of the judge. This article reflects the results of an evaluation on the Kent County Teen Court program's first two years of operation (Garrison, 2001).     

优化司法职权配置的现状分析——以江苏法院为例

自党的十七大提出优化司法职权配置以来,江苏省各级法院积极行动,提高认识,采取措施,实践证明优化司法职权配置等司法改革在江苏法院已经或正在产生一定的效应。当然也存在一些问题,诸如法院职权受行政权制约无法有效运作,法院职权被地方化困扰不得摆脱羁绊等。这些问题之所以存在,是由其背后的具体原因决定的。必须审慎对待当前的司法矛盾,认真做好优化法院司法职权配置工作。     

论现代法学教育视野下的司法鉴定教育

司法鉴定学是一门交叉学科,是法学与相关自然学科、经济学科等结合的产物。司法鉴定的实践和理论在我国具有悠久的历史。但是,他作为一门独立的学科出现在法学教育的舞台上,却是近些年的事情。这是社会发展的结果,也是法学、自然科学以及其他学科发展的共同结晶。司法鉴定学的形成、发展和完善还需要面临一系列问题,因此,需要正确定位司法鉴定学与法学教育的关系,深刻研究司法鉴定培养的内容和层次、课程设置,以及教育的实施方式等,以促进司法鉴定教育的发展与完善。     

未成年人犯罪社会矫正问题研究——基于多维视角展开的分析

我国社区矫正的试点工作尚处于起步阶段,与其相关的理论研究还不成熟,而其中有关未成年人犯罪的社区矫正,不论是实践经验还是理论探讨都有待于进一步丰富和深入。未成年人作为一个特殊的弱势群体,如何对其进行有效的保护、教育和指导,是我国法制建设的重要课题。与监禁矫正相比,对未成年人犯罪进行社区矫正,既符合我国刑事司法政策的要求,也符合保障未成年人权益的需要。相对于发达国家较为完善的未成年人犯罪社区矫正体系,我国的未成年人犯罪社区矫正试点工作却是步履蹒跚,最根本的原因还在于法律制度的欠缺。我国未成年人社区矫正制度需要在立法和司法的两个层面上予以相应的完善。     

Judicial education on ‘gender awareness’ in Australia

In Australia, as elsewhere, cultural blindness to difference based on gender can affect the impartiality of judging. It is an important aspect of the unstated assumptions on which judges act and which they need to examine. This is especially so where the assumptions are a reflection of dominant social attitudes and values. Judges are expected to apply community values, so long as they are consistent with equality before the law. Blatant examples of gender bias tend to diminish as diversity increases, both within the judiciary and within the legal profession. Stereotyping assumptions can be explored through judicial education, but Australian experience suggests that programmes will only receive a receptive audience if sensitive to concerns about judicial independence. To that end, discussion may best be located within the boundaries of the broader topic of unconscious partiality. Steps being taken in New South Wales to raise gender sensitivity are noted.     

刑事诉讼法解释论

刑事诉讼法解释理论是刑事诉讼法学研究的重要方法论,科学的刑事诉讼法解释论,是保障刑事诉讼法在实践中得到正确适用的前提。从我国目前的司法实践来看,正是由于刑事诉讼法解释论的缺位,在刑事诉讼法的操作和适用上,普遍存在着误解甚至故意曲解刑事诉讼法立法原意的情况,极大地折损了刑事诉讼法的实施效果与功能。所以,从理论上加强刑事诉讼法解释论的研究就成为一项重要的学术责任和紧迫的学术任务。     

Universities and the teaching of forensic sciences to lawyers—a note *

This article presents the findings of the survey conducted among business and accountancy students of the Nanyang Business School, Singapore, on the teaching of business law. The article is organised in three main sections. Section 1 formulates the framework for the research by outlining the three basic approaches adopted across many jurisdictions for the legal education of business students—the traditionalist ("black‐letter law"), the environmentalist and mixed approaches. Section 2 briefly describes the survey questions drawn up in the light of four principal objectives that, according to legal educators, the teaching of business law should achieve. Section 3 presents and examines the findings. The article concludes that law teaching at the Nanyang Business School conforms to the traditional approach. The author accordingly makes recommendations for the transformation of current teaching and assessment medthods: an injection of a great deal of “environmental” content and context‐based education; more use of actual and current cases, practical examples and a link to the business environment.     

Secondary Traumatic Stress in the Courtroom: Suggestions for Preventing Vicarious Trauma Resulting from Child Sexual Abuse Imagery

The internet and social media have added to an increase in sexual imagery. As a result, law enforcement, judicial officers and court ordered counselors will be exposed to an increase of images. While not every individual will experience post‐traumatic stress symptoms, it is anticipated there is risk for impact. The impact of viewing images can include an increase in vicarious trauma symptoms, burnout, and a possible decrease in impartiality. This paper offers suggestions for self‐care in the services of preventing collateral damage.     

从矛盾到协调:我国法学本科与研究生教育关系之合理厘定——以完善我国司法考试制度为基轴

我国现行法学高等教育模式并不明确,使得法学本科教育与研究生教育存在着目标设定、发展模式的宏观混同以及教学方式、内容微观重叠等诸多积弊。厘清二者的关系既是提升我国法学高等教育质量之必须,又是我国法律职业共同体形成之前提。建议首先明确我国法学高等教育的发展模式,合理引入司法实务训练,并以完善我国既有司法考试制度为基轴,进一步厘定法学本科与研究生教育的关系。     

Toward a restorative justice pedagogy: reflections on teaching restorative justice in correctional facilities

Restorative justice is currently practiced in a variety of ways inside correctional facilities. One such way is the facilitation of restorative justice education. If grounded in restorative values, such education can contribute to outcomes similar to other restorative practices, such as victim offender dialogue. These outcomes include opportunities to speak to personal experiences, personal change, and growth, and a desire to engage in positive relationships and give back to the community. This paper draws on the teaching and facilitation experiences of the author and incarcerated peer facilitators to develop a restorative justice pedagogy. This pedagogy, based on restorative values, aims to inspire individual and social transformation; build community among participants; give voice to the unique experiences of participants; offer opportunities for real-life problem solving; provide a creative learning environment that is co-created by students and facilitators; view students as practitioners, theorists, and educators; and invite instructors to view themselves as students and share in the learning process. Implications of the restorative justice pedagogy for teaching outside the prison context and with course material other than restorative justice conclude the article.     

优化法院司法职权配置的理论反思

十七大报告提出的"优化法院司法职权配置",现成为我国司法改革领域的重要理论主题。对司法职权的分析实际上是对司法权的解读。法院司法职权是国家司法职权划分体系中的重要组成部分,它具有合法性、程序性、公正性、权威性等一系列特性。我国优化司法职权的工作已经走过了较长的历程,但仍然存在一些问题,影响着司法公正,值得我们反思。     

Pathways from Traumatic Child Victimization to Delinquency: Implications for Juvenile and Permanency Court Proceedings and Decisions

Research studies and observations by mental health and judicial professionals suggest that childhood traumatic victimization may contribute to the development of juvenile delinquency. Based on this evidence, we describe a chronological pathway that runs from: (a) early childhood victimization, to (b) escalating dysregulation of emotion and social information processing (“survival coping,” which takes the form of depression, anxiety, social isolation, peer rejection, and conflicted relationships), to (c) severe and persistent problems with oppositional‐defiance and overt or covert aggression compounded by post‐traumatic reactivity and hypervigilance (“victim coping”). A case vignette is provided, and implications for judicial review and decisions are discussed.     

Computer-aided qualitative data analysis of social media for teachers and students in legal education

This article addresses a new field for legal education researchers. It describes and discusses emergent methods for computer-aided qualitative data analysis of social media in legal education. Social media contributes opportunities for learning, teaching, and research for legal educators and students. It potentially expedites collaborations, sharing, and collection of information and commentary on relevant and important issues and topics. These sources provide content and data for learning, teaching, and research. Benefits of computer-aided qualitative data analysis of social media in legal education include a systematic approach, transparency, accountability and durability, and innovative ways to communicate insights through textual and graphical communications. The article uses two examples in which computer-aided qualitative data analysis, combined with qualitative data analysis strategies, can contribute insights in and about legal education: analysis of social media discussions involving specific topics or events – to study students’ work, or academics’ interactions at conferences; and analysis of legal educators’ scholarly communications and social media activities, toward improving the visibility and influence of legal education scholarship. Research ethics for studies involving social media and human participants are also considered.     

罪刑法定司法化的路径探讨

对于罪刑法定原则的研究,以罪刑法定司法化为研究视角,突破了以往以立法为中心的研究方向。司法者如何操作法律是罪刑法定原则实现的关键,这不仅需要完备的司法体制与先进的司法技术,更需要司法理念的创新。在罪刑法定司法化的过程中,刑事政策作为司法体制的特殊组成部分需要予以合理使用,法官的能动性是提高司法技术的重要环节。另外,司法理念作为思想保障,更需要确定形式理性的标准。从这三个角度探讨罪刑法定司法化实现的路径,不仅突破以往的研究方法,更是深入理解罪刑法定原则的方式之一。     

树立环境育人理念 建设绿色大学——以清华大学的改革措施为例

高校的根本任务是培养人,一切工作都应紧紧围绕这个中心来开展。按照科学发展观的要求,高校的中心工作应体现育人为本的理念。除了开展传统的教书育人、管理育人和服务育人外,许多教育工作者越来越重视校园环境在育人中的重要作用,认为它是学校的第四种育人方式。也就是说,一个良好的校园环境不仅能够对学生起到潜移默化的作用,而且对教书、管理和服务育人工作的开展和实施也能起到推动和促进作用。     

论事实推定的规制路径

事实推定是司法证明的一种重要的辅助性方法,其在证据证明力所不及的地方发挥着不可替代的作用。但是,事实推定自身所具有的或然性与主观性局限亦无可讳言。对事实推定的适用进行规制十分必要。确立以置后适用规则、保守适用规则、公开适用规则为主要内容的事实推定规则和通过正规的法学院教育、统一的司法资格考试、法官职业培训、法官继续教育形成法官职业群体同质化的思维方式是最大可能克服事实推定局限性的相对有效路径。     

DELINQUENCY BALANCE: REVISITING PEER INFLUENCE*

An impressive number of inquiries across an array of methodological specifications has demonstrated that deviant peers are an important correlate of various criminological outcomes, which include within‐ individual change and stability in offending behavior. Still, the causal mechanisms of peer influence arguably remain underdeveloped (Giordano, 2003; Warr, 2002). In an attempt to expand the dialogue on the nature of peer influence, this inquiry proposes that scholars would benefit from considering relative peer deviance in addition to exposure to deviant peers. Specifically, it argues that an imbalance in delinquency between friends helps to explain delinquency change/stability; therefore, exposure to deviant peers is not always risky and exposure to less deviant peers is not always protective. The analysis uses the Add Health data to construct within‐individual and across‐individual (delinquency) difference scores and relies on self‐reports rather than on perceptions for the best friends' delinquency. The results provide support for the premise that adolescents attempt to achieve delinquency “balance” with their best friend by changing behavior, net of raw peer deviance levels (i.e., objective exposure). The findings also suggest that balance is not achieved through selection, given that the deviance gap between the respondent and his or her best friend does not predict friendship stability. The discussion considers these results from a theoretical and empirical perspective and offers several avenues for future research.