和谐社会视野中的法——非正式规范在法治进程中的作用探析

和谐社会的首要特征是"民主法治",法律作为调整社会关系的重要手段,在和谐社会的构建道路上发挥着不可替代的作用。本文拟从正式规范与非正式规范在法治进程中各自发挥的作用入手,分析和谐社会视野中的法的内涵究竟应该作如何理解,并试图在此基础上纠正"法律万能主义"、"法治即为国家法之治"的错误认识,呼吁人们正视非正式规范在调整社会关系中的可能性、有效性及重要性。     

对监管场所所管人员进行社会支持的分析与实践

社会支持系统,也称社会关系网,是20世纪70年代西方心理学界提出的一个专业词汇,即个人在自己的社会关系网络中所能获得的、来自他人的物质和精神上的帮助和支援。社会支持从性质上可以分为两类,一类为客观的、可见的或实际的支持,包括物质上的直接援助和社会网络、团体关系的存在和参与,或者是指稳定的（如家庭、婚姻、朋友、同事等）或不稳定的社会联系（如非正式团体、暂时性的社会交际等）的大小和可获得程度,这类支持独立于个体的感受,     

试论政府在弱势群体保护中的作用

随着我国市场经济的发展,弱势群体保护问题受到了广泛的关注。解决弱势群体问题需要依靠政府支持、社会援助以及弱势群体自身的努力。其中,政府应当发挥主要作用,通过健全社会保障制度、完善法律体系、增强弱势群体自身素质等措施来保护弱势群体。     

关于社会弱势群体法律援助制度的探讨

社会弱势群体是一群需要社会和国家给予帮助和支持的群体.而法律援助制度是一项具有正当性、有效性特点的对社会弱势群体进行有效救济的根本途径之一.法律援助制度的制定在保护弱势群体方面具有极其重要的作用.只有不断完善相关法律援助制度,才能实现保护社会弱势群体的目的,促进我国实现可持续发展目标.本文主要对社会弱势群体法律援助制度在实行过程中出现的问题以及法律援助制度完善措施的提出展开深入探讨.     

以案论执行和解技巧

执行和解是我国民事诉讼法确定的一种执行制度，它是诉讼调解制度的继续。执行和解的充分利用，可以有效地化解社会矛盾，实现司法为民，为建立和维护长期的、和谐的、稳定的社会关系发挥重要作用。在司法实践中，执行和解的运用，对扶助弱势群体，确保案件当事人双方在和谐中解决矛盾，起到了不可低估的作用。笔者在执行工作中对双方当事人均为弱势群体的案件，通过以执行和解的方式办结，从中获得的一些感受，供读者参考。     

下岗失业人员法律和社会权益保障实证研究

选取了下岗失业人员作为关注弱势群体的切入口,通过调查分析近几年我国下岗失业人员的基本状况,发现目前法律对他们的权益保障存在诸多的缺陷和不足。研究重点探索了如何加强对特殊弱势群体的法律与社会权益的保障。     

社区弱势群体救助研究

目前我国还存在着规模庞大的社会弱势群体。弱势群体是我国改革以来社会阶层分化的产物,其产生是与经济社会发展相联系的,从某种程度上说是改革的必然结果。在社会弱势群体救助体系中,社区凭借其特有的功能,在弱势群体救助方面能够发挥更大的作用。     

论弱势群体权利的法律保护

当前我国正处于社会转型期和矛盾凸显期,弱势群体的问题逐渐暴露并日益引起政府和人民的关注。保护社会弱势群体的权利,不仅是基本人权的要求,更是社会正义的基本要求。法律作为调节社会关系和平衡社会利益的重要手段,只有对弱势群体提供足够的权利保护,才能促进社会的和谐与稳定。基于对弱势群体权利法律保护的重要性的认识,本文以弱势群体法律保护为选题,借鉴国外的有益经验,结合我国的实际情况从立法、执法、司法三个层面进行研究,以期对实现我国弱势群体权利全面的法律保护、促进我国社会的平稳转型有所裨益。     

农村弱势群体及社会支持网络的构建

弱势群体是上个世纪九十年代末以来我国社会学界研究的热点问题之一,与此相关的文章可谓汗牛充栋,多不胜数。然而纵观各方观点,均把论述与研究的焦点集中于城镇人群,而对人数更多处境更为不利的农村弱势群体却较少关注。本文通过对农村弱势群体的现状分析和论述农村弱势群体社会支持网络的构建,以期为这一人数众多的群体寻找一条摆脱困境的出路。     

大学生弱势群体与非弱势群体就业焦虑比较研究

采用自编就业认知评价问卷、状态——特质焦虑问卷和社会支持评定量表对350名大学生进行问卷调查。结果显示,大学生弱势群体的就业焦虑显著高于非弱势群体大学生;就业认知评价对于焦虑有良好的预测作用,社会支持通过认知评价间接地对焦虑产生影响。     

社会弱势群体法律保护问题论纲

保护与救济社会弱势群体是实现社会公正和法律实质正义的基本要求,是构建和谐社会的题中应有之义。虽然法律机制因其局限性而无法解决社会弱势群体利益需求的全部问题,但是法律机制在保护社会弱势群体方面不可或缺、不可替代。社会弱势群体法律保护的基本内容应该围绕权利宣言和权利保障展开,核心问题应该是在给人以机会、给人以能力、给人以物质帮助三个方面寻求制度努力。     

网络“悯弱”舆论之现实性考证

同情弱者无疑是必需的,但滥施的、跟风的同情,却失去了意义。网络舆论盲目＂悯弱＂的群体极化效应极不利于公众的理性思考和健康监督,势必影响社会成员之间的认同和凝聚,引诱人们走向极端,对社会产生巨大的离心影响。社会公众有必要对网络＂悯弱＂舆论进行认真反思,寻求其理性的回归,以促进社会和谐的实现。     

我国传统社会弱势群体救助思想与制度的历史变迁

我国传统社会有着丰富的关于弱势群体救助的思想与实践，但弱势群体概念不同于现代社会，具有强烈的道德色彩，并呈现出逐步发展的过程，主要强调人伦缺失者和经济贫乏者。通过对唐宋两朝弱势群体救助制度的分析，可以看出朝廷与官府在相关制度设置与运行中的主导作用。希望通过分析我国传统社会弱势群体救助思想与制度的特征对当下弱势群体保护制度的改进能够有所启发。     

Networking in the Shadow of the Law: Informal Access to Legal Expertise through Personal Network Ties

Civil legal problems are common in everyday life, but the costs of obtaining legal representation create barriers to legal action and contribute to disparities in access to justice. Some individuals, however, may have informal access to legal assistance through personal network ties with lawyers, enhancing their responses to justiciable problems. In this study, we draw from theories of social capital and network formation to examine the distribution and mobilization of network‐based legal expertise. Using nationally representative survey data, we find that network‐based access to lawyers is widespread, and most people who have ties to lawyers expect to informally mobilize legal assistance when facing a problem. But people who are most likely to afford formal legal representation are also most likely to have informal access to lawyers. Thus, while informal access to lawyers may shape responses to legal problems, it may also exacerbate inequalities in experiences with civil justice events.     

Race,reintegration, and social capital in Singapore

Social capital, or the lack of, has variously been acknowledged as contributing to criminal and delinquent behavior among certain groups in society. It has rarely been employed to explain why ex-offenders are unable to break free from recalcitrant behavior and reintegrate into society. We argue that Indians and Malays, as racial minorities in Singapore and disproportionately represented in the prison and re-offending population, are significantly less likely to achieve reintegration than those who belong to the Chinese majority. Because Singapore is a highly racialized society, the effect of race on recidivism and rehabilitation is clearly identifiable. Understanding racial structuration by taking into account the differential impact of a hierarchically organized network of social relationships is central to this argument. For such vulnerable groups, social capital plays a critical role. The uneven distribution of ethnic capital restricts the ability of the Indians and Malays and enables the Chinese to achieve acceptance into the mainstream.     

Too Much, Too Late: The Advocacy Act in Ontario

This paper examines the concept of government‐based social advocacy on behalf of vulnerable people in the community. It uses as a case example the Ontario Advocacy Act, a statute that was surrounded by controversy through its short life. The more general question raised is whether the ideas of government‐based advocacy are fundamentally conceptually untenable, or whether the fault lay with the specifics of the act and its implementation. As governments globally cut back on social supports for vulnerable people, the need for advocacy and support are self‐evident. This paper explores the broader viability of this one, specific type of response.     

Social network analysis of historical communities: Some questions from the present for the past

The essay suggests to historians the usefulness of using a social network analytic approach to studying communities and community-like social structures such as kinship groups and work groups. Historians have long employed social network as a metaphor, but few have embraced the substance, theory, or methods of the social network paradigm. In the 1970s and 1980s, historians and other social scientists on both sides of the Atlantic revisited questions about the nature of family and community life, and, searching for connectivity, laid the groundwork for a social network approach to the study of community. The community question itself evolved as sociologists changed their ideas about what constituted community and where to find it. Researchers were no longer restricted to searching for community in the solidarities of neighborhoods and kinship groups. Instead they studied all active community-like relationships, no matter where located. As a result, analysts were able to show that community had not been “lost” under the impact of contemporary societal transformations nor “saved” in village-like neighborhoods. Rather, people formed far-flung networks containing a sizeable and varied number of ties with kith and kin that supplied sociability, support, and information. These ties also provided indirect links to the people and resources of other social milieux.     

民国时期弱势群体的法律保护

弱势群体是一个社会当中相对脆弱的群体。在民国社会特定的背景之下，灾荒逃民、战乱流民、失业游民及老幼病残等人构成了民国社会的弱势群体，他们的生存状态堪忧，严重影响了当时的社会稳定。对此，民国政府作出了必的回应，采取措施，开展立法，建立机构，与社会民众一道共同推进弱势群体保护事业，确保社会稳定发展。民国政府在开展弱势群体保护的过程中，表现出保护对象的广泛性、救济措施的主动性、政府民间的合力性等特色，值得当下的我们进一步考察和分析。     

法学意义上的社会弱势群体概念

对社会弱势群体概念的理解和认识不应当局限于社会学领域。因为那只是对社会弱势群体的多元化解释中的一种。既然法律是调控人类社会生活的主要规则 ,社会弱势群体就必然需要法律的调整、帮助和保护。那么 ,从法学的角度对社会弱势群体进行解释就并非毫无意义。在法学中 ,社会弱势群体是指由于社会条件和个人能力等方面存在障碍而无法实现其基本权利 ,需要国家帮助和社会支持以实现其基本权利的群体。因此 ,社会弱势群体概念的外延决定于现时社会中被人们认可的基本权利。同时社会弱势群体并不是严格意义上的比较性概念 ,而是身分性概念。     

私营企业主非正式政治参与的途径与意义分析

私营企业主阶层是随着国家对资源和社会活动空间的控制范围和力度的减弱、从而获得"自由流动资源"和"自由活动空间"而成长起来的"自由活动力量"之一.私营企业主政治参与作为国家与社会关系的一种互动形态,较为集中地体现了中国的经济和社会改革对传统社会主义模式下国家与社会关系的较大规模的调整.