信息网络传播权侵害中的通知与必要措施规则

美国版权法第512条首创的是针对网络接入、系统缓存、信息存储空间、信息定位工具等四类网络服务提供者的通知与必要措施规则.我国《信息网络传播权保护条例》仅不完整地移植和借鉴了美国版权法第512条首创的通知与必要措施规则中的通知与删除规则,从而导致信息存储空间、搜索链接服务提供者之外的网络服务提供者与著作权人利益的失衡.《...     

当事人隐私权保护视野中的司法透明之度

我国现有的公开审判制度及其运作远没有达到现代法治对司法机关的要求,司法透明度无疑是不够的。之所以强调透明应有必要的限度,是因为人民法院在全面落实公开审判制度过程中,保守国家秘密、审判秘密,保障当事人隐私权等合法权益与公众知情权、监督权的冲突不仅存在,而且日趋多样化。有鉴于此,立足公开审判,以当事人隐私权的保护为视角,对知情权等权利与隐私权之间的特殊关系进行理性思考和法理分析,探求在二者之间作出更为合理的制度安排,从而促进公开审判制度在我国得到更为全面的落实和更为规范的运行,真正实现“司法透明,公开有度”。     

互联网挑战传统著作权制度--兼论著作权合理使用制度在网络空间中的新形式

互联网的无地域性和信息共享性挑战传统著作权制度中著作权的地域性和专有性。为了解决它们之间的冲突,设立世界著作权集体管理组织是一种重要考虑。在网络空间,著作权合理使用也存在新的形式,"技术措施合理限制制度"是其中一个十分重要的制度。     

关于确立我国民事诉讼中间判决制度的思考

本文通过比较国外尤其是大陆法系主要国家中间判决制度的内容和特点,用法律经济分析的方法分析这种制度的利弊,探讨了确立我国中间判决制度的可行性、意义以及制度设计上的意见。     

论经营判断原则在欧洲反收购立法中的运用--兼"严格中立原则"之检讨

通过对欧洲反收购立法中采用的严格中立原则中存在的忽视股东集体行动和董事对于非股东利益相关者的义务、经验主义、为政府强制性反收购措施所不容等非理性状况的分析,提出了在欧洲反收购立法中采用经营判断原则的建议,认为这样可以为敌意收购行为提供更统一的运作环境,保护股东利益,减少成员国在建立反垄断屏障的压力,并且为企业在采取反收购行动时提供更丰富的选择。     

保险资金运用法律制度研究

保险资金的有效运用,在现代保险业乃至金融业的发展上,都具有重要的意义。现阶段我国由于缺乏法律上的严格规范,出现盲目投资,形成大量不良资产,产寿险资金混用,投资效率低下,造成保险业经营困难。各国保险资金运用规范。我国应允许保险资金运用于优质的公司债券、股票、不动产等,将比例限制引入保险法律之中。建立完善的保险资金管理体系,以法律规范行为完善资金管理体系和监管体系。     

规范与习惯的冲突--论判决书语言运用问题

针对目前判决书语言运用中存在的某些顽症加以分析,以期引起有关人员的注意,规范地运用语言,提高判决书的质量.具体从三方面谈到判决书用语的不规范方言土语的混杂,口语化痕迹的存在,语句锤炼欠佳影响修辞效果等.     

明清时期田宅相邻关系研究

在明清时期,虽然国家法律没有规定田宅相邻关系如何调整,但是,地方官充分发挥主观能动性,依据情理对此类纠纷作出判决。这些判决所体现的处理纠纷的原则、理念竟然与当代物权法不谋而合,可见情理与法律制定的理念是相通的。     

On the joint use of licensing and liability

Licensing is a widely used technique applied to impose regulations. Firms inducing harm must hold a license issued by a regulatory agency on a case-by-case basis. A firm may also be subject to liability. This paper studies the implications on social welfare of combining licensing with strict liability. Contributions include the study of a joint use and related administrative costs. The latter include costs pertaining to litigation and the issuing and enforcing of licenses. It is established when a joint use is motivated. Regulatory compliance should protect from liability in order to decrease litigation and enforcement costs and associated distortions.     

集体土地所有权与使用权法律制度的思考

关于我国集体土地所有权与使用权法律制度,存在立法上严重滞后的现象,其结果一是将我国土地制度改革的实践仅限于城市国有土地,对农村集体土地的改革实践从立法上封闭起来;二是由于立法上的封闭,使得农村土地使用权流转失去实践的机会,引发大量纠纷的产生。应具体分析集体土地所有权与使用权的现行立法规定,理顺集体土地使用权与建筑物所有权之间的关系,完善我国集体土地所有权与使用权法律制度。     

派生诉讼何以可能:反思与超越——以日本派生诉讼的发展为出发点

传统理论认为,原告股东在决定是否提起派生诉讼时以理性经济人自居,基于成本与收益进行衡量。日本诉讼费用改革后派生诉讼案例急剧上升则是该传统理论强有力的佐证。然而,这一传统观点不仅在逻辑上难以自圆其说,也不符合日本派生诉讼的实际情况,日本股东提起派生诉讼很大程度上受到准理性和有限理性行为的影响。日本这一实践对我国派生诉讼的有效实施无疑可带来启发:即在反思派生诉讼利用率为何如此之少时,不应仅关注制度设计,还应超越制度本身,考量该制度得以实施与发挥效用的其它外在因素。     

The prevalence of violence and relation to depression and illicit drug use among incarcerated women in Recife, Brazil

PurposeTo assess the prevalence and different types of violence experienced by women prisoners in Brazil and the effects of violence on women's depression and illicit drug use.MethodsParticipants (N = 377) were incarcerated women from a state prison in a northeastern city of Brazil. Multivariate logistic regression models (adjusted for age, education, partner status, prison history, drug related offense, and sentencing status) were used to assess associations between each type of violence (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and life threats) and each outcome variable: recent depression and illicit drug use.ResultsThe majority of participants (87%) reported experiencing some type of violence in their lifetime, including physical violence (83%), sexual victimization (36%), and threats on their life (29%.) Sexual violence was significantly related to both recent depression (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.8; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.4–5.3) and recent substance use (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.6–4.4) in adjusted models. Experiences of life threats were also significantly associated with illicit drug use (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3–3.7), as was physical violence (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–4.9); however, neither of these latter two violence variables were significantly associated with depression.ConclusionReports of lifetime violence victimization among this incarcerated sample of women were extremely prevalent and relevant to women's depression and illicit drug use. Prison efforts to address women's depression and illicit drug use may be most effective by incorporating aspects related to women's history of victimization, especially given the high rates of violence experienced by women in this sample.     

网络时代隐私权的法律保护

随着大众传媒的不断发展,侵害公民个人隐私的行为也不断发生,保护公民隐私权已成为我国法学界的共识。我国对公民隐私权的保护还需要在立法上加以完善,同时对隐私权的保护也需要进行一定的限制。     

大陆法系缺席判决制度价值取向研究——从缺席判决主义到一方辩论主义视角的考察

缺席判决制度自古罗马时即已有之,从缺席判决主义模式到一方辩论主义模式的变迁反映了缺席判决制度从纯粹作为的一种终结程序的手段和一种惩罚措施转向更加重视程序的正当性即程序公正问题,但就缺席判决制度本身而言,它是为了诉讼的效益而设。     

Using the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program to further understand the relationship between drug use and gang membership

In this paper, we examine the relationship between drug use and gang membership using data from the Arizona Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program, which collects both self‐report and hard measures (i.e., urinalysis) of drug use. Our analyses revealed that self‐reported recent drug use (i.e., drug use in the past three days) and urinalysis outcomes were similarly associated with the gang‐membership variables. These findings suggest that self‐reported data obtained from gang members is a particularly robust method for gathering information on their recent behavior. Additionally, our results were supportive of the social facilitation model, showing that current gang members were significantly more likely to use marijuana and cocaine compared with former gang members. The implications for policy and future research are discussed.     

Drug use and pretrial misconduct in New York city

Is recent drug use significantly associated with pretrial misconduct? Does consideration of recent drug use enhance risk classification among a sample of persons who have time free pending the disposition of their cases? Using data on arrestees in Manhattan, this paper examines these issues and some related questions. To measure recent drug use, urine samples were collected from persons shortly after their arrest and tested for four drugs: heroin, cocaine, PCP, and methadone. Two measures of pretrial misconduct are considered: whether a defendant fails to appear for a scheduled court date (FTA) and whether a defendant is rearrested prior to case disposition. Censored probit models are used to estimate the statistical association between drug test results and pretrial misconduct. Results show that drug test results are significantly associated with pretrial misconduct over and above the information typically available to judges at the time release decisions are made. Some implications of these findings for pretrial decision making are discussed.     

专家的局限性及其控制——政府决策咨询视角

政府公共事务决策要广泛听取专家的意见和建议,这对决策的科学化、民主化起着重要作用.由于专家也存在着局限性,对此各级政府决策机构必须引起足够的重视.本文试图通过对专家局限性问题分析,探索关于如何克服专家局限性的有效对策,以便为政府公共事务管理决策提供参考.     

Temporal analysis of the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine in wastewater to estimate community drug use*

Abstract: Indirect estimation methods of cocaine consumption may not reflect the real extent of cocaine use. Another approach is sewage epidemiology. This direct approach is based on analysis of a stable cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), in wastewater. Influent to the Lubbock (Texas) Water Reclamation Plant was sampled twice a week to assess weekly variations in estimates of cocaine consumption over a 5‐month period. BE was extracted from influent wastewater samples using solid phase extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations of BE were converted to cocaine equivalents; the estimated average daily consumption of cocaine during the study period was 1152 ± 147 g. Based on BE concentrations and sewage epidemiology, higher cocaine consumption was observed on weekends compared to weekdays (p < 0.0003). This method was effective in monitoring BE in wastewater and could be used to complement survey data in estimating cocaine use at a local level.     

Race and sex differences in the measurement of risk for drug use

The study uses data from 2018 Black and White males and females and latent-variable structural equations techniques to examine group differences in the measurement of risk factors for substance use. First, the equivalence of measurement models for four demographic groups is examined separately for 12 risk factors and 2 measures of substance use. Then these 14 measures are correlated with five external criteria to assess measurement validity. Results imply that one measurement model fits the data for 11 of the 12 risk factors. For one risk factor (Peer Drug Modeling) and the two drug use scales, observed group differences in the factor loadings stemmed from differences in the distributions of a few drug-related items which were infrequently endorsed, especially by Black females. No meaningful group difference in the validity coefficients relating the scales to external criteria were observed. The results are optimistic for the study of race and sex differences in the correlates of substance use. But research on group differences in the prediction of rare behaviors should examine group differences in distributions which may effect measurement differently for different groups.     

To share is fair: The changing face of China's fair use doctrine in the sharing economy and beyond

Copyrighted works are greatly entwined with the concept of the sharing economy because of their status as informational public goods. Unlike commercial sharing models that address tangible goods such as bikes and houses, the sharing of which is limited by their physical nature, sharing models for intangible copyrighted works such as Google Books and live game webcasting must account for the comparatively unfettered ability for these to be shared. Accordingly, these models are more focused on exploiting such works to their full commercial potential. However, these sharing models are to a large extent based on the unauthorised exploitation of copyrighted works and will be unworkable if the related copyright issues cannot be solved. The interest that copyright owners have in exclusivity must thus be balanced with the public's interest in further exploitation of copyrighted works. Article 22 of the Copyright Law of China outlines an exhaustive list of copyright exceptions; such a restrictive list is incompatible with the sharing economy. The Chinese courts have realised this problem and have gone beyond the law in their judgments, taking a cue from their US counterparts. However, many of these decisions appear to be inconsistent with one another.To address the aforementioned problems, this paper examines the latest proposed amendment to the Copyright Law of China and proposes several legislative and judicial actions that could help promote the sharing economy. At the legislative level, enacting legislation based on a refined open-ended fair use model is necessary to promote the development of the sharing economy. At the judicial level, Chinese courts should employ the concept of transformative use to correctly interpret legislation based on the proposed open-ended model. With transformative use as the cornerstone of copyright policy, the public gains the freedom to share others’ works, participate in the innovation process, and create works with new value. Moreover, authors would retain an incentive to create works under such a legal regime because market substitution will not occur if a work is used for a different expressive purpose than that for which the work was originally created. Thus, a balance can be achieved between promoting the sharing economy and protecting the exclusivity of copyright in China.