实验性早期心肌缺血c-fos-mRNA原位杂交研究

用原位杂交和图像分析技术 ,观察大鼠实验性急性心肌缺血模型心肌细胞c fos mRNA的表达情况。结果显示 :正常心肌细胞表达少量c fos mRNA ;急性心肌缺血 15min ,心肌细胞表达c fos mRNA的阳性反应增强 ,心肌缺血后 30min ,c fos mRNA阳性反应达到最高峰 ,以后逐步下降。表明 :c fos mRNA的原位杂交检测可为一项灵敏的急性心肌缺血的死后诊断指标。     

心肌缺血再灌流损伤HSP70 mRNA原位杂交研究

目的观察家兔早期缺血再灌流损伤心肌组织热休克蛋白70 mRNA的表达变化,为心性猝死的法医病理学诊断寻找新的方法.方法建立家兔心肌缺血再灌流损伤模型,通过原位杂交技术观察研究.结果心肌缺血15min再灌流30min后,缺血区HSP70 mRNA阳性反应增强,阳性颗粒均匀散布于心肌全层,随着缺血时间的延长,阳性反应细胞数目逐渐增多,染色加深.结论HSP70 mRNA原位杂交检测可望为早期心肌缺血再灌流损伤的死后诊断提供新方法.     

FISH联用激光捕获显微分离技术对混合斑进行分离检验

目的建立荧光原位杂交(FISH)联用激光捕获显微分离技术(LCM)精确分离男女混合斑中精子的检验方法。方法收集健康志愿者精子和女性阴道上皮细胞制备模拟混合斑,经过预处理后用Vysis CEPX SpectrumOrangeTMY SpectrumGreenTM试剂盒进行荧光原位杂交,并用PALM激光捕获显微分离系统分离男、女性细胞,使用Identifiler试剂盒结合低体积扩增技术分别对男女成分进行STR扩增。结果荧光原位杂交后,可清晰分辨混合斑中的男女细胞。捕获20个精子细胞可以得到完整的STR分型,检出率为80%。随着精子数目增多,检出率提高而等位基因丢失率降低。30个精子检出率最高,为95%。结论激光捕获显微分离联用FISH技术可用于混合斑中男女细胞DNA的分离检验。     

单细胞分离荧光原位杂交法用于男女混合血DNA分型

目的采用单细胞分离荧光原位杂交法精确分离混合血样中男性和女性细胞并进行分型检验。方法收集男、女性血,按照男∶女为1∶5、1∶10、1∶20制备混合血样,加入0.075mol/L KCl 600μL,轻混、放置30min后加入150μL固定液离心留沉淀涂片,利用Vysis 30-161050试剂盒进行荧光原位杂交,并用PALM激光显微捕获系统分离出男、女性细胞,使用Identifiler试剂盒复合扩增并进行检测。结果捕获8个血细胞即可得到完整的DNA分型,且随着细胞数目的增多,检出率逐渐提高而等位基因丢失率逐渐降低。10个血细胞的检出率最高,为93.75%。5μL男性血液与本实验各比例女性血混合用本文方法检验均可获得男性分型。案例混合血斑经检验获得单一男性和女性分型。结论单细胞分离荧光原位杂交法可用于男女混合血样本中DNA分型检验。     

用双色荧光原位杂交技术鉴定血痕性别

目的 探讨荧光原位杂交技术在血痕性别鉴定中应用及其价值。方法对20例新鲜人血及20例1-2年人血痕的X、Y染色体采用双色荧光探针进行原位杂交分析。结果 人新鲜血,男性X、Y信号检出的完整率为98.8％,其中Y信号的检出率为100％,女性X、X信号检出的完整率为96.5％;1-2年人血痕,男性X、Y信号检出的完整率为88％,其中Y信号的检出率为90％,女性X、X信号检出的完整率为80％;40例血液(痕)性别检测的符合率为100％。结论双色荧光原位杂交技术可以鉴定血痕性别。     

不同方式标记非放射性探针原位杂交效果评价

目的比较不同方式标记非放射性探针的原位杂交效果。方法通过两种方法标记地高辛随机引物DNA探针和反意RNA探针,在大鼠损伤模型的皮肤组织上进行原位杂交。结果两种探针均可满足要求,以反意RNA探针在阳性染色深度和背景方面效果更佳。结论RNA探针在杂交效果方面优于DNA探针。     

Selective culturing and genus-specific PCR detection for identification of Aeromonas in tissue samples to assist the medico-legal diagnosis of death by drowning

The detection of autochthonous aquatic bacteria in tissue samples from drowning cases is increasingly considered as an alternative approach to assist the medico-legal diagnosis of death by drowning. Bacteria belonging to the genus Aeromonas may be suitable candidates for this application as they are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments but are generally not part of the human microbiota. The research aims of this study were (i) to develop a sensitive, specific and rapid screening and confirmation method for Aeromonas species in tissue samples and (ii) to evaluate aseptic sternal puncture as a post-mortem sample technique and bone marrow as an alternative matrix to provide evidence of death by drowning. The presence of Aeromonas in tissue samples was verified by cultivation using the selective media Ampicillin Dextrin Agar (ADA) and Ryan's Aeromonas Medium. The use of ADA medium was found most optimal for the sensitive, inexpensive and quick detection of aeromonads in human tissue samples. Positive culture plates were confirmed by harvesting all colonies for DNA extraction and subsequent PCR amplification using Aeromonas genus-specific primers. Aeromonads were detected in lung swab, blood and bone marrow of drowned bodies (n=3), but were negative in these three matrices for all negative controls (n=90) tested. Bone marrow proved to be a suitable alternative matrix and can be sampled post-mortem by an aseptic sternal puncture. In conclusion, this study confirms previous indications that aeromonads in cultures from blood of water bodies can be considered a potential marker for drowning. Given the fact that the number of immersed bodies (drowned and non-drowned) included in this study is statistically not significant, however, more tissue samples need to be investigated to confirm the validity of these methods to aid the diagnosis of death by wet drowning.     

Medical devices; immunology and microbiology devices; classification of the automated fluorescence in situ hybridization enumeration systems. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying automated fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) enumeration systems into class II (special controls). The special control that will apply to the device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Automated Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) Enumeration Systems." The agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a notice of availability of a guidance document that is the special control for this device.     

Selective and sensitive detection of chromium(VI) in waters using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

From 2000 through 2011, there were 14 criminal cases of violations of the Clean Water Act involving the discharge of chromium, a toxic heavy metal, into drinking and surface water sources. As chromium(VI), a potential carcinogen present in the environment, represents a significant safety concern, it is currently the subject of an EPA health risk assessment. Therefore, sensitive and selective detection of this species is highly desired. This study reports the analysis of chromium(VI) in water samples by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) following its reduction and complexation with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC). The reduction and subsequent complexation produce a characteristic [Cr(III)O]–PDC complex which can be detected as a protonated ion of m/z 507 in the positive ion mode. The detection is selective to chromium(VI) under acidic pH, even in the presence of chromium(III) and other metal ions, providing high specificity. Different water samples were examined, including deionized, tap, and river waters, and sensitive detection was achieved. In the case of deionized water, quantification over the concentration range of 3.7 to 148 ppb gave an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9904 using the enhanced MS mode scan. Using the single-reaction monitoring (SRM) mode (monitoring the characteristic fragmentation of m/z 507 to m/z 360), the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.25 ppb. The LOD of chromium(VI) for both tap and river water samples was determined to be 2.0 ppb. A preconcentration strategy using simple vacuum evaporation of the aqueous sample was shown to further improve the ESI signal by 15 fold. This method, with high sensitivity and selectivity, should provide a timely solution for the real-world analysis of toxic chromium(VI).     

Fingermark detection based on the in situ growth of luminescent nanoparticles--towards a new generation of multimetal deposition

The in situ deposition of zinc oxide on gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution has been here successfully applied in the field of fingermark detection on various non-porous surfaces. In this article, we present the improvement of the multimetal deposition, an existing technique limited up to now to non-luminescent results, by obtaining luminescent fingermarks with very good contrast and details. This is seen as a major improvement in the field in terms of selectivity and sensitivity of detection, especially on black surfaces.     

Applications of a transportable Raman spectrometer for the in situ detection of controlled substances at border controls

A transportable Raman spectrometer was tested for the detection of illicit drugs seized during border controls. In a first step, the analysis methodology was optimized using reference substances such as diacetylmorphine (heroin), cocaine and amphetamine (as powder or liquid forms). Adequate focalisation distance and times of analysis, influence of daylight and artificial light sources, repeatability and limits of detection were studied. In a second step, the applications and limitations of the technique to detect the illicit substances in different mixtures and containers were evaluated. Transportable Raman spectroscopy was found to be adequate for a rapid screen of liquids and powders for the detection and identification of controlled substances. Additionally, it had the advantage over other portable techniques, such as ion mobility spectrometry, of being non-destructive and capable of rapid analysis of large quantities of substances through containers such as plastic bags and glass bottles.     

非同位素标记探针杂交分析白细胞端粒DNA长度

目的建立用非同位素标记探针杂交测定端粒DNA长度的方法,并探讨其法医学的应用价值。方法酚/氯仿抽提基因组DNA,限制性内切酶消化,0.8％琼脂糖凝胶电泳,Southern印迹,化学发光法检测端粒DNA谱带,与标准分子量DNA比较,积分光密度扫描计算端粒DNA平均长度。结果所测样本获得了较好的低背景杂交谱带,测得31~35岁端粒。DNA的平均长度为11.71kb,51~55岁平均为11.04 kb。结论用上述建立的方法初步显示年龄与端粒长度之间有一定的相关性,为法医学年龄的推断开辟了一个新的研究领域。     

SPME-GC-MS法快速检测尿液中的甲基苯丙胺

目的建立SPME-GC-MS快速检测吸毒人员尿液中的甲基苯丙胺的方法。方法以SPME法提取尿液中的甲基苯丙胺,以1-萘胺作内标,用GC-MS法检测。结果在2～2000ng/mL的范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9985,n=7),甲基苯丙胺的检测限为0.5ng/mL(信噪比3),在低、中、高(200、500、1000ng/mL)浓度的平均相对回收率为102.6%、98.5%、93.2%,日内及日间RSD分别小于8.1%、7.2%。结论用此方法检测尿液中的甲基苯丙胺,灵敏度高,简单快速,易操作,适用于吸毒人员的快速定性定量检测。     

Rapid detection of caffeine in blood by freeze-out extraction

A new method for the detection of caffeine in blood has been proposed based on the combination of extraction and freezing-out to eliminate the influence of sample matrix. Metrological characteristics of the method are presented. Selectivity of detection is achieved by optimal conditions of analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The method is technically simple and cost-efficient, it ensures rapid performance of the studies.     

Fingermarks detection by eosin-blue dye

Eosin-blue (I) dye, along with a phase transfer catalyst, has been used to detect latent fingerprints on a wide range of surfaces, including paper, glass, steel, lamination sheets, polythene, plastic and bakelite.     

选择性执法

选择性执法现象是作为执法主体的国家或政府面临情势变化,运用剩余执法权以保证实现其政治、经济及社会目标的结果。选择性执法尽管在转轨时期有其合理性,但弊端已经随着改革的深入而日益凸显,包括对人们预期的扰乱,执法代理人的渎职、腐败,对执法体制进一步改革的阻碍等等。在我国市场经济日渐成熟之际,消除其自我强化带来的不确定性已经迫在眉睫。     

Inferring the population of origin of DNA evidence within the UK by allele-specific hybridization of Y-SNPs

Marked differences in Y-SNP allele frequencies between continental populations can be used to predict the biogeographic origin of a man's ancestral paternal lineage. Using 627 samples collected from individuals within the UK with pale-skinned Caucasian, dark-skinned Caucasian, African/Caribbean, South Asian, East Asian or Middle Eastern appearance we demonstrate that an individual's Y-SNP haplogroup is also strongly correlated with their physical appearance. Furthermore, experimental evaluation of the Marligen Signet Y-SNP kit in conjunction with the Luminex 100 detection instrument indicates that reliable and reproducible haplogrouping results can be obtained from 1 ng or more of target template derived from a variety of forensic evidence types including, blood, saliva and post-coital vaginal swabs. The test proved highly male-specific with reliable results being generated in the presence of a 1000-fold excess of female DNA, and no anomalous results were observed during degradation studies despite a gradual loss of typable loci. Hence, Y-SNP haplogrouping has considerable potential forensic utility in predicting likely ethnic appearance.     

HPLC-UVD/FLD法测定血中氟乙酸类杀鼠剂

目的采用水相催化衍生化-液相色谱-紫外/荧光检测分析法,检测血中氟乙酸类杀鼠剂。方法血样经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,加入衍生化试剂4-溴甲基-7-甲氧基香豆素、催化剂四丁基溴化铵,在80℃水浴中衍生化反应120min,衍生产采用液相色谱-紫外/荧光检测分析。结果紫外检测法:氟乙酸根浓度在0.38～38.50μg/mL之间线性关系良好,最低检出限为0.10μg/mL;荧光检测法:氟乙酸根浓度在0.15～15.40μg/mL之间线性关系良好,最低检出限为0.050μg/mL。结论水相催化衍生化-液相色谱-紫外/荧光检测分析方法具有较好的灵敏度、准确性和精密度,可用于实际案例检测。     

The detection of fetal hemoglobin in bloodstains by means of thin-layer immunoassay

A method for the detection of fetal hemoglobin in bloodstains by means of thin-layer immunoassay is described. The equivalent of 0.01 microL of blood containing 0.18 to 0.24 microgram of fetal hemoglobin may be detected by this method. Studies with stains up to two years old and blind studies have shown these methods to be sufficiently sensitive and specific to be of value in forensic serology.     

In situ Study on the Diffusion Kinetics of Seal Ink by Microinfrared Spectroscopy

In document examination, it is of great importance to determine the composition of seal ink with different imprint times, and spectroscopic methods are widely used today. In this research, the diffusion of seal inks from three different brands on the same type of paper is monitored in situ by microinfrared spectroscopy and microinfrared imaging technology. The area of the absorption peak at 1743 cm^?1 gradually decreases with increasing diffusion time. The diffusion kinetics of seal ink on paper are also studied by analyzing the infrared spectra of seal inks at the same measuring point with different diffusion times. The research provides a basic study in understanding the diffusion behavior of seal ink on paper over short time spans.