An Examination of Officer Stress: Should Police Departments Implement Mandatory Counseling?

This study suggests that police departments who promote counseling benefit from officer stress reduction. Officers from sixteen municipal police departments (n = 1,114) across the state of Alabama possessed moderate stress, but were influenced significantly by organizational demographics (including counseling opportunities). A majority of officers believed that stress signs were not predictive of police suitability but remained reluctant to share fears and anxieties with fellow colleagues, suggesting that officers feared the stigma associated with the need for stress counseling. Officers working in supportive counseling climates had significantly less stress, a reduced need for counseling, and a greater willingness to use counseling. Officers who engaged in counseling (at least occasionally) also reported more stress, indicating an awareness of their need for counseling. The authors concluded that police departments should consider requiring mandatory and periodic counseling for all officers, a procedural tactic that camouflages counseling need while concurrently treating the source of officer stress.     

平台用工劳动权益保护的立法进路

我国互联网平台工人数量多达数千万,且增长迅速。平台工人面临身份不明确、工作时间长、收入不稳定、职业伤害保障缺失、算法运行不合理等突出问题。由于平台用工的特殊性,现有劳动法及其司法实践难以为平台工人提供有效保护。近年来,越来越多的国家,包括美国、法国、意大利等对平台工人进行了专门立法。我国有必要出台平台工人权益保护专门立法。平台工人权益保护立法的基本思路是确保符合"劳动者"标准的工人得到劳动法保护,并为一般平台工人提供基本劳动权益保障。立法应通过劳动关系举证责任转移规则,使平台工人身份得到正确归类。平台工人的基本权益内容应根据所有工人应享有的基本权益、平台用工的灵活性以及平台主要依靠算法运行的特点而设计,应赋予平台工人平等就业、职业安全卫生、工资、工时、加入工会和集体协商等方面的权利,以及与算法相关的权利。     

论环境行政管理的地位及其改进途径

人类为了追求经济利益,对自然进行了无限度的开发,给生态环境带来了严重的破坏并威胁和影响着社会的稳定与发展。在诸多的环境保护方式中,环境行政管理具有基础性地位。目前,我国在环境和生态方面依然面临着非常严峻的形势,因此,有必要探究改善环境行政管理的有效途径,以便更好地贯彻可持续发展的基本国策。     

公共政策制定之法治变革——从北京出租车换型事件谈起

北京出租车换型事件所引起的思考不仅仅是行政上的,更是法律上的。制定公共政策尽管在传统上被认为属于行政管理学的范畴,其作为一种科学活动不应与法律发生联系。但是,法治化的进程不可避免的影响到这一行政管理的传统领地,公共政策制定的法治化是公共政策行为发展的大方向和新动力。     

Florida’s task force approach to combat human trafficking: an analysis of county-level data

Abstract

Since emerging in the USA during the 1990s, the multi-agency task force has become the preferred organizational structure for enforcing human trafficking laws and providing assistance to victims. These task forces often work across county lines and typically include law enforcement agencies, as well as social service and non-governmental organizations. The effect of collaborations with other types of agencies on law enforcement’s human trafficking arrests is unknown. County-level arrest data for human trafficking first became available through the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 2014. In this paper, we present findings from county-level analyses with human trafficking arrests in the State of Florida as the dependent variable. Independent variables include the presence of a task force, sociodemographic characteristics, tourism measures, and police officers per capita. The strongest predictor of human trafficking arrests is the presence of a task force.     

The CLSR-LSPI Seminar – ‘The future of privacy regulation in the online world’

The annual CLSR-LSPI Seminar (www.lspi.net) took place on 19 September 2011 at the Sixth Legal, Security & Privacy Issues in IT Conference (LSPI) at University of Nicosia, Cyprus. The event, led by Prof. Steve Saxby, Editor-in-Chief of CLSR, invited contributions from five legal specialists on a variety of current issues dealing with the future of privacy. A lively discussion took place amongst those present after each intervention. The reports of those who presented are recorded below.     

中原行政管理现状分析及法治行政环境的构建

建立精简、高效、负责的法治政府，提高政府公务人员的依法行政意识和行政管理水平，是构建区域发展法治环境的重要方面。目前，中原地区的行政管理及其体制均存在一些缺陷，与中原崛起的要求还存在很大差距。需要我们从政府职能转变、政府行政体制及权力配置改革、机构设置法定化、行政观念转变、加强行政执法等多方面努力，尽快构建推动中原崛起的法治行政环境。     

中韩两国信息资源产业政策比较

本文从政策环境、政策目标和政策内容三个方面对中韩两国的信息资源产业政策进行了比较,指出我国信息资源产业政策存在的不足。从以下几个方面提出完善建议：改善我国信息资源产业的政策环境,大力发展信息资源产业的基础设施,完善信息资源产业的法律法规;制定完整清晰的信息资源产业发展战略,明确信息资源产业政策目标;实施多样化的信息资源产业投融资政策和人才培养政策。     

European educational policy on shifting sand?

European integration makes educational policy even more important, especially as an instrument to forge the future of Europe. This growing consciousness is a motivation to critically analyse and compare the educational policies of the countries of the European Union. This investigation is only realistic on condition that the research objectives are clearly set out. Therefore, the following questions guide the article: 1. Concerning the ‘facts’: – Can the history of European educational policies provide us with a taxonomy to distinguish ‘types’ of educational policy? – What are the main changes concerning both structures and role conceptions in the field of educational policy? – Is educational policy autonomous or is this policy influenced by other leading sub-systems? – What is the impact of supra-national organisations on educational policies? – Are educational policies in the EU visibly influenced by (new?) underlying ‘ideologies’? – What are the main current policy issues in the EU-countries? 2. Concerning the ‘trends’: Is it possible to deduce certain ‘trends’ from the comparative analysis of the mentioned ‘facts’? 3. Concerning the ‘critical analysis’: – Does the literature on educational policy analysis provide us with ‘critical interpretation schemes’? – What will the outcome be if the discovered ‘facts’ and ‘trends’ are confronted with such-like schemes? The article concludes with some critical recommendations concerning the future of educational policy in the EU.     

FUNDING COMMUNITY POLICING TO REDUCE CRIME: HAVE COPS GRANTS MADE A DIFFERENCE?*

Research Summary: This research examines how funding from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), has affected violent and property crime rates in the United States from 1995 to 1999. Drawing on six years of panel data, we examine the effects of three types of awards made by COPS to 6,100 law enforcement agencies serving more than 145 million citizens. We estimate their impact on crime reduction over time in jurisdictions receiving funding and controlling for baseline levels of crime, socioeconomic characteristics, city size, and population diversity and mobility. Our analyses suggest that COPS hiring and innovative grant programs have resulted in significant reductions in local crime rates in cities with populations greater than 10,000 for both violent and nonviolent offenses. Multivariate analysis shows that in cities with populations greater than 10,000, an increase in one dollar of hiring grant funding per resident contributed to a corresponding decline of 5.26 violent crimes and 21.63 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Similarly, an increase in one dollar of innovative grant funding per resident has contributed to a decline of 12.93 violent crimes and 45.53 property crimes per 100,000 persons. In addition, the findings suggest that COPS grants have had no significant negative effect on violent and property crime rates in cities with less than 10,000 population. Policy Implications: The findings of this study imply that COPS program funding to medium‐ and large‐size cities has been an effective force in reducing both violent and property crime. Federal government grants made directly to law enforcement agencies to hire additional officers and promote innovations may be an effective way to reduce crime on a national scale.     

构建和谐执法环境与提升警察管理水平的思考

构建和谐社会,要求警察管理者能够把握管理学科的系统框架,深入了解现有警察管理法律法规,注重管理者与被管理者素质的共同提升,不断推动管理创新。构建和谐执法环境是社会建设与发展的客观要求,提升警察管理水平是构建和谐执法环境的必要条件,通过实现优化警察执法环境和提升警察管理水平,将有效促进实现构建和谐社会的最终目标。     

我国血吸虫病防治法制建设的现实状况与突出问题分析及对策

本文分析了我国血吸虫病防治领域法制建设的现实状况与突出问题,通过典型的案例及分析,力求把血吸虫病防治纳入法制化轨道,以保证政府在法律规定的范围内行使血防管理权,并使这种权利得到社会和公众的有效监督。     

面向未来的政策规范论

本文认为环境和可持续发展、协商民主以及社群主义是三种面向未来规范政策的选择和分析的政策理念。环境和可持续发展的政策理念以权利论和效率论相区分;协商民主的政策理念注重商议过程和共识反思;社群主义的政策理念围绕自治和秩序提倡信念对话。