上海合作组织走过十年辉煌历程

2011年6月15日,上海合作组织创立十周年纪念峰会在阿斯塔纳举行。峰会期间,成员国元首一致盛赞上海合作组织在各领域取得的巨大成就,强调当初关于成立上海合作组织的决定是“历史性的战略抉择”。上海合作组织的创立顺应了时代潮流,她的全面顺利发展反映了成员国的利益诉求,     

Organization structure and the effectiveness of public agencies

There is little consensus about the impact of various organization structures on organization effectiveness. The most notable characteristic of empirical research on the purposes of this assessment is to develop some under-standing of the reasons structure/effectiveness research continues to disappoint. The more important barriers to research progress include: (1) a continued reliance on “blackbox empiricism;” (2) underspecified models ; (3) measurement discontinuities ; (4) sampling complexities; (5) conceptual problems pertaining to aggregation; and (6) basic methodological and statistical errors. In addition to reviewing these problems, this study presents a propositional inventory of structure/effectiveness research and assesses the evidence that has accumulated. Special attention is given to problems involved in the application of findings in a public sector setting. Finally, it is argued that a current primitive state-of-the-art is such that the best approach to applied structure/effectiveness research is to temporarily suspend concern about external validity and concentrate on rigorous logitudinal analyses of single organizations.     

Organization and management practices of urban terrorist groups

Terrorists realize that ideological commitment to their organizational goals is a prerequisite to their survival as an effective fighting force. Consequently, they carefully avoid undertaking any intentional action which might fall beyond the umbrella of a real or a contrived popular cause. Thus, the terrorist has learned how to skillfully manipulte social conditions and grievances and execute specific criminal acts gauged to impact upon a preselected target audience. Additionally the management practices, cellular and columnar structures, personnel selection and internal control measures utilized by the terrorist are intended to enhance the effective and efficient achievement of his organizational goals and objectives. However, the American police, particularly, have caused terrorist groups to adjust their methods of operation, style of organization, and to carefully regulate and restrict their membership. The increased sophistication of the police, therefore, particularly in the areas of communication, mobility, and information, seems to have greatly impaired the organization and extension of terrorist groups in the United States.     

西方政党组织与政党认同的关系

政党组织与政党认同之间存在着一个互动的过程:政党组织是政党认同的制度性资源,拥有健全有效、组织严密、动员有力的组织既是政党组织制度化的结果,也是政党争取认同的有效手段;而政党认同也是政党组织发展的内在驱动力.从西方政党组织的嬗变折射出政党系统内外环境的变化,以及政党认同总体发展的曲线.     

Regional Modernization in China: Project Concept and Organization

Abstract

During the May Fourth Culture Movement, Chen Duxiu from New Youth and Du Yaquan of Eastern Miscellany engaged in a series of heated exchanges in their common search for a solution to the Republican crisis and an understanding of World War I. Du argued that nation-states are founded on the cultural and civilizational orientation of its people, therefore the essence of war and the source of political conflict are functions of the thoughts of the people. This insight shifted the debate from the political to the cultural arena, and allowed the May Fourth intellectuals to examine the attributes of Eastern and Western civilizations as a way to counter the threats of Hongxian monarchism, China’s political and social fragmentation, as well as the inadequacies of Western nation-statehood. Du predicted that the future master of the twentieth century would be a scientific laborer with a cultural outlook derived from the mediation of the traditional Chinese and twentieth-century European civilizations.¹     

上海合作组织框架内的能源合作

上海合作组织框架内的能源合作始于2003年。当时,国际恐怖主义成胁,一些能源生产国政局不稳,全球能源供应面临可能灾害,对亚太地区亦构成挑战。能源是上合组织框架内经济合作的重要内容。近年来,该组织国家间的能源合作取得一些进展。可是,由于国情及其在国际市场上的利益不同,合作尚存在能源发展战略的差异,相互信任和理解不够,以及中亚能源资源面临大国竞争等问题。为此,本文提出了几点思考。     

Organization character -construct of barnardian scholars

Early scholars, inspired by Chester I. Barnard's insights, saw clearly the tribal nature of human organizations. The idea of organization character emerged as the understructure for the uniqueness of the behavior of the organization. The theoretical basis for deriving the character of an enterprise was drawn, together with the powerful implications of such subtle sensibilities. Indeed, the entire idea of organization character - of necessity -preceded later thinking on culture since the character of an organization dictates its culture. These concepts are the substance and spirit of the article that follows.     

Terrorist Organization Typologies and the Probability of a Boomerang Effect

Since the 1970s, many researchers have proposed typologies to sort the phenomenon of terror into different categories and to divide terror organizations into groups based on various characteristics of their activities. These typologies were designed to facilitate understanding of the phenomenon of terror and of terror organizations’ processes, structures and operative methods. They relied on a variety of diagnostic criteria such as: motives for using terror, targets of the attacks, terrorists’ demands, organizational structure; arenas of operation; and more. This article surveys major typologies of terror, notes the differences between them, presents a model to combine the different classifications of the typologies into a single typology, and proposes a new typology that sorts terror organizations by the variables that limit their activities. The proposed typology makes it possible to analyze terror organizations’ behavior and even to forecast their reactions to a situation in which they are attacked by the enemy state—the boomerang effect.     

英国工党组织体系的现代化

随着社会的变迁,受工会控制的工党已经严重脱离社会,并在大选中连续失利.为此,工党在90年代进行了组织体系现代化的改造,并获得初步的成效,为工党1997年和2002年大选连续获胜奠定了基础.工党组织体系的现代化主要表现在三个方面:党内决策的民主化;政党资源的社会化;选举运动的专业化和中央化.其核心是把工党从一个传统的劳工党转变成一个现代的全民党.工党组织体系的现代化也反映了后工业时代西方传统社会民主党变化的一些普遍规律.     

少年刑事审判组织研究

少年刑事审判组织是在少年审判机构的基础上对少年刑事案件审判主体的进一步具体化和微观化。国际社会少年刑事审判组织呈现出四个比较明显的共同特点，即设置专门化、构成形式多样化、组成人员多样化和专业化。与国际社会发达的少年审判组织制度相比，我国未成年人刑事审判组织在专门化程度、构成形式、独任庭适用案件范围、合议庭人员构成及知识条件等方面均需进一步改进与完善。     

上海合作组织:俄罗斯的战略选择

富有石油、天然气这些战略资源的中亚地区在苏联解体后地缘政治利益凸现,"9·11"事件后各个相关大国在中亚地区的安全利益也凸显出来,俄美加剧了在中亚的争夺.尽管在2005年的争夺中俄罗斯似乎占了上风,但综合实力强大的美国不会轻易退出,它会利用各种策略继续加强在中亚地区的存在,以达到把俄罗斯限制为地区大国的战略目的.在这种背景下,综合国力相对较弱的俄罗斯会采用各种手段来抵制美国在中亚的渗透,而上海合作组织是其可以利用的手段.