商标权与商号权冲突问题研究

商标与商号作为商业标识具有很大的相似性,易产生混淆。近年来,商标权与商号权冲突的现象有不断加剧之势,这主要是因为我国目前的立法并不完善和对商标权、商号权的注册管理体制存在着一定的缺陷。基于此,本文试图从商标权与商号权的界定、冲突的表现、冲突的原因几个方面进行深入分析探讨,进而提出解决两权冲突之对策。     

浅谈解决商标权与商号权冲突的司法途经

商标和商号作为两种重要的商业标记,由于商号权是与商标权相邻接的最密切的权利,因此,经营者在使用过程不可避免的会发生权利冲突,对于这种冲突,不论是行政手段还是司法手段都不可能彻底的解决,单就司法实践方面主要以坚持利益平衡的原则为指导、严格界定商标权和商号权的权利范围和依法合理的扩展和限制商标权和商号权的权利范围等手段来解决二者的纠纷。     

试论商号权和商标权的冲突及其解决途径

在市场经济条件下,随着企业竞争的日益加剧,承载着企业商业信誉的商号及商标已经发挥着越来越重要的作用。与此同时,商号权和商标权的权利冲突也日趋频繁,成为知识产权领域最为突出的权利冲突现象之一。本文将就商号权及商标权冲突的相关问题进行介绍和探讨,以期这些理论上的探讨能为解决我国商号权和商标权的冲突问题提供有益的借鉴。     

刍议商号权与商标权的冲突

商号和商标承载了消费者对企业和商品的认知以及企业的信誉,虽然商号和商标同属于知识产权的范畴,但是毕竟是两种不同的权利,再加上我国法律对二者区分,尤其是对商号权的保护十分不完善,制度不健全,导致商号同商标之间的冲突更是频频出现。本文将主要分析商号权与商标权的冲突,并对该二者之间冲突的化解提供一些建议和看法。     

权利冲突下企业商标权与商号权的法律风险与防范

商标权与商号权都承载着企业商誉的重要价值,能带来巨大经济利益。企业需通过各种途径保护商标权与商号权。在商标权与商号权存在权利冲突时企业的权利保护包括事前预防措施和事后补救措施,预防措施主要是商标与商号的一体化策略,而事后补救措施则包括寻求行政救济与司法救济。     

试论商标权与商号权的冲突及其法律解决之路径

商品或服务商标的专用权与企业名称权是分别受商标法律、法规和企业名称登记管理法律、法规调整、保护的财产权,随着商品经济的迅速发展,商品流通速度与范围的加快与扩大,商品或服务商标与企业名称中的显著部分字号(商号)相同、近似,并构成混淆误认的情况和问题越来越突出。近几年,由于我国经济与社会的飞速发展,从而使人们真正弄清了市场主体商号与产品商标的区别,这两者都具有十分重要的财富价值。然而,若对商号与商标运用的不合理,那么有可能会起到反面作用,进而出现了一系列侵权行为以及不正当的竞争关系。所以,我们有必要站在理论角度,针对商号权以及商标权的权利冲突进行一些探索,以期构建一有效预防商号权和商标权权利冲突的运营机制。希望能够为读者提供一些有价值的参考与借鉴。     

行政机关和人民法院处理商号权与商标权冲突的界限

尽管商标是商品和服务的标记,而商号是企业特定化的标志,但由于目前我国法律制度对两者的保护是相互分离的,在商标领域对商号不予保护,在商号领域则只对驰名商标予以保护,这使得商标权和商号权的冲突成为必然.冲突主要表现为两种形式:一是在先使用的商标,而且往往是有一定知名度的商标被他人作为商号使用,这涉及到商号权侵犯商标权;二是将他人的企业名称中的商号部分或简称等显著部分作为商标使用,例如上市公司的商号,这涉及商标权侵犯商号权的问题.对于商标侵权案和商号侵权案,权利人都可以向人民法院提起诉讼.笔者认为,法院处理商标权与商号权的冲突,要注意掌握四个方面的问题.     

都是同“号”惹的祸 兼评“白沙”商号、商标冲突案

我国知识产权学界对有关商号权之间以及商号权与商标权之间权利冲突的研究不在少数,但大多停留于理论层面,即阐述和归纳冲突的表现形式、产生原因、解决原则等,这对现实发生的商号权之间以及商号权与商标权之间权利冲突的解决无多大实质性帮助,也缺乏可操作性。本文通过对现实发生尚存争议的商号、商标冲突个案的深入剖析,探寻各方争议的焦点和实质,归纳此类冲突案件合理解决的思路和要点,以期从方法论上为实务操作提供办案指引。     

论商标权和商号权的冲突及其完善

商号和商标都是经营者商誉的载体，它们与经营主体的发展状况息息相关。它们的区别功能便于公众作出消费选择，代表高品质保证的商标和商号在消费者选择商品或服务时会起到重要的指向作用，信誉较好的商号和商标蕴涵着巨大的商业利益和市场回报率，因此，某些经营者就将他人已注册的商标或商号登记注册为自己的商号或商标，企图借他人的商誉谋取自己的利益。因此便在商标权与商号权之间产生了冲突.     

浅论商标权与商号权的冲突

商标权与商号权在性质上都属于知识产权,具有相似性,极易造成混淆,因而也常常冲突不断。本文试图通过对商标和商号、商标权与商号权的概念比较,以及商标权与商号权产生冲突的成因分析,提出某些解决方法。     

Parallel trade and free trade agreements

Legal context. Free trade agreements seek to remove unjustifiedbarriers to trade. Normally barriers to trade are imposed bystates, such as quotas, tariffs, subsidies and regulatory restrictions.However, sometimes barriers will be imposed by private partiesseeking to prevent parallel trade (arbitrage) of their own products.The aim of this article is to examine the way in which freetrade agreements deal with private barriers to parallel tradeand thus to consider to what extent parallel trade is possiblewithin free trade areas. Key points. The article considers first the situation withinthe European Community, which has long supported parallel tradethrough its provisions on the free movement of goods and competitionlaw, before turning to the approach taken in the Community'sfree trade agreements with third countries. It carries out thesame exercise in relation to the United States and then considershow parallel trade is dealt with by the World Trade Organisation.Finally, as free trade agreements only seek to remove unjustifiedbarriers, it considers possible justifications for the differentapproaches before drawing some tentative conclusions. Practical significance. This article considers the impact whichthe overlap between intellectual property, competition law andtrade law has in relation to parallel trade. As well as reviewingthe current position, which will be of use to businesses andlegal practitioners on both sides of parallel trade, it assessesthe underlying justifications which are relevant to policy makingin this field.     

Grunwick and trade union recognition

This article considers the approach of law schools to the assessment of students' use of English. The QAA subject benchmark statement for law requires students to demonstrate the ability to use English proficiently but over recent years there has been anecdotal evidence that some students who lack this ability have obtained law degrees. To obtain further information on how law schools try to ensure compliance with the relevant benchmark, a short questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected sample of 20 English law schools. This article presents the results of that research, considers some of its possible implications and concludes that the assessment methods that many law schools are currently employing do not ensure compliance with the relevant benchmark.     

Russia and the illicit arms trade

Since the disintegration of the Soviet militaryindustrial complex, the prospect of conventional armsand nuclear, chemical and biological weapons of massdestruction and their ingredients finding their wayfrom Russia into other hands has become a matter ofconcern for both the Russian Federation and theinternational community. This article explores thescale, forms and consequences of illicit transfers ofconventional arms and weapons of mass destruction andtheir ingredients from the Russian Federation into theinternational community. Russian military and securityforces seem to have been the main sources of a widerange of illicit conventional arms, whether as aconsequence of the participation of Russian armedforces in regional conflicts or as a consequence ofthe sale of equipment by corrupt officers, the covertcommercial export by Russian arms manufacturers beinglargely confined to small arms and light weapons. Theillegal diversion of nuclear, chemical and biologicalmaterials from the Russian Federation seems to havebeen less than was at one time feared but Westernco-operation with the Russian Federation to reinforceexisting nonproliferation regimes remains a highpriority.