中俄石油合作探析

中俄两国在石油领域互补性强,石油领域合作是两国双边经贸合作的重点领域。从20世纪90年代初至2007年,两国石油合作已经走过     

中俄石油贸易的现状及未来发展

石油领域的合作是中俄能源合作的重要支撑，也是中俄战略协作伙伴关系的重要组成部分，双方都十分重视。加强两国油气合作，符合两国的根本利益。因此，中俄石油贸易具有现实的可能性和广阔的发展前景。双方应在石油贸易发展现状的基础上，采取积极态度促进中俄未来石油能源领域的合作。     

试析中国与巴西的战略伙伴关系——以石油合作为例

中国近年来努力深化与巴西的战略伙伴关系,两国坚持互利共赢和共同发展的理念,通过在石油领域的合作,战略伙伴关系得到再升级.中巴石油合作现已取得多元化、多层次的长足进展,但未来仍存在诸多应予重视的障碍与挑战.中巴石油合作与中巴战略伙伴关系符合两国根本利益,具有坚实而持久的合作基础.展望未来,中巴两国石油合作应更加注重合作的良性发展,深入挖掘合作潜力,进一步夯实合作的基础.     

中国同俄罗斯发展石油能源合作的宏观视角

从宏观层面分析,中国同俄罗斯发展石油能源合作有许多有利因素,同时存在一些制约因素。有 利因素起主导作用,它们将推动两国石油能源领域的合作不断发展,其制约因素只能使两国的石油能源合作出 现一些波折,不会改变其前进方向。     

普京的俄罗斯石油战略及我国应采取的对策

随着经济的高速发展,我国的石油需求快速增长,2003年,我国已经成为世界上仅次于美国的第二大石油消费国和仅次于美日的第三大石油进口国,石油短缺成为我国未来时期能源安全的主要矛盾。中俄两国石油合作互补性强,俄罗斯石油的总储量约为200亿吨,而我国从俄罗斯和中亚的进口只占7.5%[1]。两国石油合作具有广阔前景,但也存在许多波折和问题。通过对普京两任总统期间的石油战略分析,可以对中俄石油合作的前景进行理性的预测,以便采取切实可行的合作对策。     

中俄区域合作应实现五个“重大突破”

中俄两国经济已经发展到了一个新阶段,需要抢抓机遇、加快发展。因此,中俄区域合作应实现五个重大突破,主要是需要以区域大合作带动两国大发展,以大升级带动新突破。一、充分认识中俄拥有世界一流石油经济合作的巨大潜力,力争在中俄石油合作上取得重大突破俄罗斯是名列前茅的世     

能源安全：中印面临的共同难题

能源安全与国家安全有着密切联系,能源安全可以成为衡量国家安全状况的一个重要指标。中国和印度经济持续高速发展,两国对能源的需求也日益上升。由于两国自身拥有的油气资源无法满足需求,因此只能依赖进口。同时,由于两国对进口能源尤其是石油的依赖程度日益提高,而且油源都集中在动荡不定的中东地区,因而导致两国都面临着能源安全难题。为了应对这一难题,两国积极实施以能源供应多元化为主要内容的能源安全战略,开展能源外交。在此过程中,两国不可避免地会出现一些摩擦,然而,两国完全有理由通过合作来应对这一共同难题。     

中国—委内瑞拉双边关系发展70年回顾与评价

中委两国1974年建交,2001年建立共同发展的战略伙伴关系,2014年建立全面战略伙伴关系。1949—1974年两国主要开展党际和民间交往。1974—2000年双方不断拓展交流与合作领域。2001—2013年双边经贸合作阶梯式增长。2014年以来,以迈上新台阶为目标,深化全面战略伙伴关系。2001年以来,中委两国石油合作、金融合作、卫星合作影响较大,备受关注。中国长期尊重和支持委内瑞拉国家主权,尤其是其石油主权;支持委内瑞拉为抵制霸权、谋求自主、改善民生而进行的不懈努力和斗争,这些尊重和支持是双边关系的重要政治基础。石油合作和金融合作是双边关系的重要经济基础。中委高委会是双边政策沟通、战略对接的重要机制。石油产业一体化和中委基金是推动双边关系发展的两大重要引擎。委内瑞拉勇于以石油为武器捍卫国家主权,将中委石油一体化合作视为其亚洲战略的重要组成部分,拥有加强对华合作所需的民意基础、政治共识及社会共识。中委全面战略伙伴关系拥有广阔前景。     

论中俄石油合作的制约因素

石油合作是中俄两国能源合作和经济合作的重要内容。尽管中俄石油合作已经取得了重要进展,但双方石油合作进程尤其是石油管道项目合作进程始终充满荆棘,存在着诸多制约因素,既有主要源自俄罗斯方面的因素,也有来自中国方面以友国际层面的影响因素。     

中印石油行业海外扩张模式比较

在国内能源短缺的威胁和石油进口依存度逐年上升的共同背景下,作为国际石油市场的“新进者”,中印两国石油业的海外扩张均面临巨大阻力和激烈竞争。然而,由于两国政治经济体制固有的差别,两国石油业在海外扩张中显示出不尽相同的特点,例如中国注重宏观能源战略的实施而印度更强调具体企业的运作等等,而这些差异也为两国之间相互学习和共同发展提供了空间和前景。     

缅甸油气产业开发现状与外国参与情况评析

缅甸油气领域正处于开发活跃期,但油气产量不均衡,油少气多。西方发达国家企业曾长期是缅甸油气开发的先锋和主力,然而,本世纪以来,东盟及缅甸周边国家石油企业跃升为缅甸油气开发的新主力军。2010年缅甸开启民主进程,西方企业投资缅甸油气领域将出现恢复性增长,但难以改变现有的外资参与结构。     

China outperforms India in the oil industry in Angola and Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The article asserts that China’s NOCs have trumped Indian oil companies in four ways. First, Chinese NOCs have more oil blocks in Angola and Nigeria relative to Indian oil companies. Second, NOCs from China are able to outbid Indian oil companies if and when they directly compete for the same oil blocks. Third, Chinese NOCs have better quality oil blocks compared to Indian oil companies. Fourth, Chinese NOCs are preferred as partners by African NOCs and international oil companies. It provides a more comprehensive explanation of the above observations by examining macro level factors such as difference in the economic, political and diplomatic support received by the Chinese and Indian oil companies from their respective governments and foreign exchange reserves and micro level factors such as access to capital, rate of return on investment, pricing of oil and risk aversion.     

俄罗斯东部地区：日本石油进口战略的新视点

日本既是世界经济大国,也是世界能源消费大国和能源进口大国之一,长期以来日本的石油供给一直主要依赖中东地区。美国占领伊拉克后,中东地区将更加动荡,这将给日本石油稳定的供给带来极大的威胁,进一步开展对俄能源合作已是大势所趋。     

Economics and politics of cross-border oil pipelines—the case of the Caspian basin

The construction of cross-border pipelines requires large upfront investment and, because of transit through third countries, is subject to increased risk. We demonstrate that the decision to build cross-border pipelines in landlocked regions is influenced more by economics than by politics. Governments use transportation constraints to discriminate among foreign oil companies and to promote low-efficiency routes for political purposes. This paper describes strategies used by importers and oil majors to address this limitation, using the Caspian basin as a reference. Based on data obtained from oil professionals operating in the region, and professional journals, we highlight that, on average, transportation costs in the Caspian basin are up to six times higher than in the other oil-producing regions of the world.     

Asian security and China's energy needs

With China's increasing dependence on imports of oil and gas,the Chinese government has been engaged in defining and implementingan energy security policy. This paper examines the implicationsof this policy for the security interests of its regional neighbours.It is certainly plausible to construct alarming and realist-drivenscenarios whereby China's quest for energy security leads tocompetition and regional confrontation. However, this paperargues that the prospect for energy interdependence promotingco-operation and an improved regional environment is an equallyprobable outcome. China's neighbours, and the West more generally,should promote policies that support this more benign outcome.     

中俄油气合作现状、前景和影响

中俄油气合作已经起步。合作规模巨大：覆盖从西西伯利亚、东西伯利亚、远东到萨哈林岛海域广阔的地域,包括从油气资源的勘探开发到管道的修建乃至油气的储存和利用。中俄油气合作虽是双边的,但却是开放性的。这一世纪性大项目的实施不仅有利于中俄两国,而且也惠及所有输入油气的国家和参与合作的外国公司。不仅会促进东北亚地区的繁荣,而且也有利于世界的和平与发展。     

Chinese National Oil Companies and Human Rights

China's efforts to secure foreign oil and natural gas to meet its growing energy demand are contributing to massive human rights violations in Sudan and Burma. These human rights conflicts, significantly influenced by abundant oil and gas reserves, have strained U.S.-China relations and complicated international efforts to create a more effective architecture to address both rights crises and conflict management over energy resources. The United States and its allies should not only engage Beijing but also bring Chinese national oil companies into the international energy market as stakeholders. Failure to address these matters could encourage other parties seeking scarce energy supplies to take similar compromises on human rights as they court questionable oil regimes, a development that would be detrimental to international peace and security.     

泰国和马来西亚通货膨胀影响因素比较

本文概述了通货膨胀的测度方法，比较分析了泰国和马来西亚通货膨胀的影响因素，其中共同驱动因素主要是惯性通货膨胀、亚洲金融危机引发的本币贬值和国际石油食品价格的上涨，不同之处是泰国通胀受国际油价的影响大于马来西亚，马来西亚的通胀压力很大一部分来自流动性过剩。     

CAFTA进程中广西与东盟能源产业对接研究

一、广西与东盟能源合作的背景 随着中国一东盟自由贸易区的建立,广西凭借其特有的区位优势加速了经济的发展,但同时能源短缺问题也日益凸现,这同时也是东盟各个国家面临的问题.中国与东盟毗邻,开通能源通道是广西与东盟各国进行能源产业对接、实现能源优势互补、缓解能源短缺问题促进经济发展的有效路径.这为广西与东盟能源产业合作提供了广阔的空间.     

The Effects of Oil Production and Ethnic Representation on Violent Conflict in Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Approach

A large qualitative literature on violent conflict in Nigeria has identified the importance of oil production and ethnicity as salient factors in understanding violence, especially in the oil-rich Niger Delta. This resonates with the broader literature on natural resources, ethnic exclusion, and conflict. This article advances existing research by providing the first highly disaggregated statistical analysis of oil, ethnicity, and violence for Nigerian Local Government Areas (LGAs). We test whether oil production in a weak state environment, and local groups’ access to governmental power, affect the level of violence in Nigeria. We employ unique disaggregated data on violent conflict events, proprietary data on oil production, and newly collected information on local ethnic groups’ access to the federal government for 774 LGAs. We find strong evidence that LGAs with oil infrastructure experience significantly more violence than others, while access to the federal government significantly reduces violence. We complement these findings with a qualitative investigation of violent conflicts in Nigeria.