An integrated Toolkit for institutional development

An integrated Toolkit for institutional development is presented. It is intended to be used by the non-profits themselves to address current shortcomings in the field of institutional development of non-profit organizations, including: inadequate measures of institutional capacity, difficulty diagnosing priority areas within an organization for improvement; lack of simple mechanisms to improve understanding by non-profit staff of the interrelated components of their organization; and inadequate mechanisms to compare institutional development across organizations. The Toolkit emphasizes participation, use of management systems, and the independence of the organization. The Toolkit provides both an analytic (table) and visual (graphic) presentation of results. The system is now fully automated. Utilization of the Toolkit can address many of the shortcomings listed above as well as help provide a useful way to develop consensus and unite energies among the board, staff, beneficiaries, and donors.     

Institutional development in World Bank projects: Analytical approaches and intervention designs

This article examines a random sample of World Bank projects in order to identify the methods of institutional analysis (IA) and resulting institutional development (ID) strategies employed. The findings confirm impressionistic data which indicate that IA in World Bank projects is highly standardized, and concentrates on factors internal to the organization at the expense of external environmental factors, particularly as these are reflected in the needs of stakeholders and customers. ID is an integral part of most Bank projects, and the trend is shown to be towards increasing attention to ID. The nature of ID in World Bank projects reflects the inward orientation of IA, with strong emphasis given to training and development as a standard solution. It is concluded that IA and ID which are broader in scope will improve project design and impact.     

Sustainable development goals and media framing: an analysis of road safety governance in Bangladeshi newspapers

Policy Sciences - This paper seeks to explore how Bangladeshi newspapers frame road safety governance. It investigates the prevalence of five news frames—responsibility, conflict, human...     

房地产经济可持续发展探讨——以经济法为视角

伴随着房地产经济发展过程中暴露出的问题越来越突出,如何实现房地产经济的可持续发展日益受到人们的重视。本文从经济法的角度出发,结合经济法的原则和价值取向,阐述了房地产经济如何实现可持续发展的若干观点,并提出了几点相应的措施。     

Sustainable local democracy

To identify what is needed to sustain local democracy we need a model of democratic government and an idea of the kind of social and economic context that is supportive of democracy. Local democracy requires a combination of a liberal democratic model of local government and the prerequisites of democratic stability: economic development, equality, political culture and the development of civil society. However, a number of factors, non-local as well as local, may undermine local government and local democracy, especially centralization, economic decisions, external conflicts, dependency on civil servants, the dilution of elected representation, formalistic participation, skewed representation, class conflict and official attitudes. However, democratic local government can contribute to economic development, the reduction of inequality, a democratic political culture and the development of civil society, thereby strengthening local democracy.     

Luck egalitarianism and what valuing responsibility requires

Luck egalitarianism originated in an attempt to respond to the conservative objection that egalitarianism fails to respect the value of responsibility. In response, luck egalitarians have introduced a distinction between choice and circumstances and recommend redistribution only when inequalities are not the result of choice. I will argue, however, that this standard formulation of the luck egalitarian aim is problematic, and ought to be revised. Valuing responsibility requires more than redistribution – it requires giving priority to ensuring equality of opportunity for advantages at the level of institutions. Preventing unfairness has normative priority over efforts to alleviate it. Compensation’s role is secondary to the prior normative importance of ensuring that people are responsible for the advantages they have.     

Sustainable development challenges in a war‐torn country: Perceived danger and psychological well‐being

The laborer's physical and mental health, well‐being, and happiness are among the major indicators for measuring each nation's sustainable development. A conflictive and hostile external environment (war zone) poses considerable difficulty and psychological distress to workers and nonworkers. Therefore, working in such a physically dangerous business environment may hurt worker's well‐being and happiness that in turn may reduce the workers' productivity at the workplace. A high level of laborers' productivity in public and private sectors is essential for achieving sustainable development in the long term. Therefore, this paper examines the effects of perceived danger on employees' psychological well‐being in war‐torn Afghanistan, an issue being addressed for the first time. We tested the moderating role of social support from coworkers on this effect in order to have a broader vision of which individuals are healthier and happier in a physically dangerous working environment. Two survey data sets were collected from 190 employees working in various small private and public businesses in Herat, Afghanistan. Our results reveal the negative impact of perceived danger on employees' psychological well‐being and that employees who receive little or no social support from their peers feel the negative effects of a physically dangerous working condition even more acutely.     

论实现政府决策的“可持续”

政府决策反映政府的执政水平和能力,搞好政府决策意义重大.政府决策的"可持续"适应市场经济深入发展和建立高效政府的客观要求,具有提高政府决策权威、防止主观臆断、降低政府成本、树立良好工作作风等积极的现实意义.实现政府决策的"可持续"就是要建立和健全情报系统、决断系统、监督系统,完善决策机制和环境,保证政府决策的科学化、民主化、规范化.     

The planning and management of integrated rural development in Drylands: Early lessons from Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands programmes

In Kenya a new generation of area-based, multisectoral rural development programmes has been started, targetted on the country's extensive arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL). By mid 1983, six such programmes were operational, each supported by a foreign donor and implemented by the Government of Kenya. Six years after the detailed planning of the first programme began, the record looks patchy. District level planning and co-ordination hold promise, and some programme activities are going well. However, problems of slow and cumbersome planning and mobilization, a lack of community involvement in planning, too few technical successes, and remote prospects for institutionalizing the programmes if and when expatriate support is withdrawn are apparent. Behind these problems lie a number of basic obstacles, including the structure and orientation of the government's lack of support for the drylands among politicians, and the technical difficulties of raising dryland production. Faced with these obstacles, the ASAL programmes look set to run into continuing problems. Overcoming them will depend on both the success of recent government moves to deconcentrate, and patient support from both the government and the donors. Historically the prospects for such support are poor.     

浅谈农业可持续发展问题

一、农业可持续发展是可持续发展战略的重要内容1 农业可持续发展的概念和实质“农业可持续发展”这一概念是从可持续发展概念中引伸出来的 ,目前比较一致的理解是 :农业可持续发展是一种建立在生态、经济、社会效益基础上的农业发展模式。它运用现代农业科学技术改造低效益的传统农业 ,建立高投入、高效益、高品质的现代化农业体系 ,满足国民经济和社会发展对农产品日益增长的需求 ;科学合理、综合有效地利用农村社会、经济和自然资源 ,提高资源的利用效率 ,促进资源再生产的良性循环 ;结合自然资源条件 ,通过生物多样化 ,创建和谐的生态系…     

论社会稳定的“可持续发展“

保持社会稳定是我们长远的目标,是改革和发展的基本前提,是国家政权稳固、民族强盛、社会和谐的重要标志,是人民生活殷实的现实表现.实现社会稳定可持续发展有一个庞大的内容系统和条件系统,必须以保证经济可持续发展为根本,以建设和谐社会为目标,以整合社会资源力量为手段,以构筑社会安全网为条件,以建立公正合理的分配结构和利益调节机制为措施.     

环境正义与可持续性公共治理

环境正义在本质上是关于环境利益与环境责任的公平分配问题。它在种际、国际、代际以及区域间、群体间表现为不同的形态。环境正义事关人与自然的和谐、事关社会秩序的稳定、事关人类的永续发展。可持续性公共治理是区别于运动式治理的一种新的公共管理典范。通过可持续性公共治理来实现和维护环境正义,人类中心主义思想的超越、多元环境治理主体的整合、环境利益的分配与协调、环境责任的划分与追究、环境信息的公开与共享、环境决策的开放与规范、环境事务的参与和监督、环境政策的伦理审查等十分重要。