劳动争议案件司法精神病鉴定研究

目的探讨劳动争议案件的司法精神病鉴定的现状及发展趋势。方法回顾性分析1990～2001年156例劳动争议案件司法精神病鉴定中的被鉴定人一般资料、案由、委托方、鉴定时机、病史、鉴定结论等情况。结果44.2%的被鉴定人处于30～39岁,委托方多为法院(68.6%),大多数案件由家属和法院申请鉴定;终(中)止合同的案件占75.7%,劳动报酬的案件大幅度上升;争议起始至申请鉴定平均相距21.9个月,12个月以内的占69.2%;鉴定诊断精神分裂症82例(51.3%),无精神病16例(10.2%),结论与既往临床诊断一致的占91.2%;评定为有、限制、无行为能力的比例分别为23.7、23.1和52.6%。结论近年来劳动争议案件在数量、案由、鉴定时机等方面发生较大变化,有关民事行为能力的评定应引起司法精神病学界关注。     

210例司法精神病学鉴定案例分析

作者对210例司法精神病学鉴定案例进行分析。该组刑事案例以凶杀居首位,被鉴定人以患精神分裂症为多。鉴定结论评为无责任能力者占41.6％。案件中受害者以精神发育迟缓、正处于发病期的精神分裂症或情感性精神病的女性患者(78.4％)被奸污为多。经随访司法部门的最后处理结果和我们的鉴定结论意见较为一致。     

245例脑外伤所致精神障碍者家属抑郁状况及相关因素分析

目的了解脑外伤所致精神障碍者家属抑郁状况及其影响因素。方法应用自行设计的一般资料调查问卷和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS),对245名被鉴定人家属进行抑郁状况调查,并依据SDS评分指数分为抑郁组和非抑郁组,进行单因素以及多元逐步回归分析。结果 245名被鉴定人家属中117名家属存在不同程度的抑郁症状,其中轻度68例、中度42例、重度7例。在多元逐步回归分析中,亲缘关系、家属性格特征、付费方式为被鉴定人家属抑郁状况的主要影响因素。结论脑外伤所致精神障碍者家属抑郁状况应引起足够重视,给予针对性的心理干预。     

酒精性精神障碍刑事责任能力的评定——附16例分析

作者对16例酒精性精神障碍鉴定案例进行分析.鉴定结论,诊断为普通醉洒13例,慢性酒精中毒3例.16例中,评定无责任能力2例(12.5%),限制责任能力2例(12.5%),完全责任能力12例(75.0%).作者强调应根据被鉴定人的既往饮酒史,醉酒后的表现,精神检查,神经系统检查,作案动机,作案前有无预谋,案发后有无掩饰行为,以及各种检查结果等,综合判断被鉴定人对其危害行为是否丧失辨认和控制能力.     

53例青少年X线片骨龄鉴定分析

本文作者对53例14~22岁当事人的年龄鉴定案的案件性质、作案距鉴定的间隔时间、自报年龄与户籍年龄差距、鉴定年龄与自报年龄或户籍年龄的符合率进行了分类统计分析,并对骨龄鉴定的准确性及其在诉讼中的证据效力进行了探讨,针对骨龄鉴定的现状提出一点建议。1资料与方法53例被鉴定人的身体左侧肩、肘、腕(包括手)、髋、膝、踝等6个部位的386张X线片,来自2002年4月~2006年2月作者日常受理的骨龄鉴定案件。1.1被鉴定人情况53名被鉴定人,男性51人(96.23%),女性2人(3.77%),男女之比约为25:1,且男性全部为嫌疑人,女性全部为受害人。来自农村的48…     

论司法精神医学鉴定结论的审查

司法精神医学鉴定是指在诉讼过程中 ,鉴定人受司法机关委托 ,对案件中涉及司法精神医学问题的内容进行鉴定 ,出具鉴定结论的过程。鉴定结论作为鉴定结果及证据材料的形式之一 ,必须经过法庭审查才能被采信 ,发挥证据效力。本文拟通过对司法精神医学鉴定的特点 ,司法精神医学鉴定结论审查的必要性、审查的方法和形式的分析 ,对司法精神医学鉴定结论的审查制度展开论述 ,以期抛砖引玉 ,完善我国证据制度。一、司法精神医学鉴定的特点司法精神医学鉴定的过程 ,是鉴定人接受司法机关委托后 ,在约定的时限内 ,根据收集的有关资料 ,结合对被鉴定人…     

105例凶杀案责任能力评定分析

目的探讨鉴定医生评定凶杀案例责任能力时的主要依据及影响因素。方法对总计105例凶杀案的精神病司法鉴定案例进行回顾性分析。结果无责任能力者41例(39.0%);限定责任能力者28例(26.7%);完全责任能力者36例(34.3%);与刑事责任能力的评定密切相关的因素有:凶杀行为是否由精神病理因素引起(Gamma=0.906,P=0.000),临床诊断是否为重性精神病(Gamma=0.761,P=0.000),被害人是否为家人亲属(Gamma=0.412,P=0.000)。结论从技术层面看,鉴定医生评价责任能力考虑的三个主要方面按重要性依次是:凶杀行为是否由精神病理因素引起,被鉴定人是否患有重性精神病,被害对象是否为家人亲属。     

涉嫌暴力犯罪精神障碍患者的犯罪学特征分析

目的探讨法医精神病学鉴定中精神障碍患者涉嫌暴力犯罪的犯罪学和人口学特征。方法采用自编法医精神病学鉴定案例登记表,对符合标准的206例被鉴定者进行犯罪学特征和人口学资料的收集。根据鉴定诊断分为精神障碍组(167例,81%)、无精神病组(39例,19%),对两组的犯罪学特征和一般人口学资料进行对比分析。结果精神障碍暴力犯罪者男性为154例(92.2%),女性13例(7.8%),40岁以下者133例(79.6%),小学文化水平以下者93例(57.7%),农民和无业者133例(79.6%),未婚者和婚姻家庭不健全者104例(62.3%),并且与无精神病组相比在人口学资料上的差别无统计学意义。精神障碍组与无精神病组比较分析发现作案预谋(2χ=40.22,p<0.01)、目标确定(2χ=32.843,p<0.01)、作案后表现(2χ=36.979,p<0.01)、作案动机(2χ=82.333,p<0.01)、与被害人的关系(2χ=23.138,p<0.01)、自称遗忘(2χ=36.229,p<0.01)方面差异有统计学意义。结论精神障碍患者的暴力犯罪多为突发性,常无预谋,目标多为临时确定,多无动机或动机不明确,缺乏自我保护意识,作案后多无反侦查表现。无论有无精神障碍,暴力犯罪者多为40岁以下未婚青壮年男性,且文化水平大多较低,农民和无业人员居多。     

司法精神病学鉴定后的处理情况调查

目的为了维护社会安全和依法保障精神病人的合法权益，需要正确处理精神病违法者。实际上，人们对司法精神病学鉴定后的处理情况知之甚少。因此，进行此项调查研究。方法采用邮寄调查问卷的方式对四川省52个县市的183例精神病违法者进行调查。结果在处置精神病违法者的机关中，公安局占73．08％，法院占26．72％。有责任能力组中有2．22％被无罪释放；无责任能力组中有2．10％被判刑；部分责任能力组中有13．95％被无罪释放。结论公安局是处理精神病违法者的主要机构。存在不适当处置情况，尤其对部分责任能力者的处理更复杂、更困难。     

交通事故精神伤残程度重新鉴定51例分析

目的探讨道路交通事故所致精神伤残的伤残程度重新鉴定意见改变的原因。方法回顾性分析绍兴市第七人民医院司法鉴定所2009年10月—2011年10月受理的交通事故致精神伤残的伤残程度重新鉴定案件51例。结果要求重新鉴定的案例中,鉴定意见有改变的共计30例(58.82%),其中伤残等级提高8例,伤残等级降低22例。按鉴定意见改变原因分,鉴定人评定时对精神障碍严重程度的理解差异8例,鉴定人自由裁量差异10例,鉴定人对某些精神症状的认识差异2例,鉴定时间差异10例。结论精神伤残程度鉴定应准确把握鉴定时机,减少鉴定人个体差异引起的鉴定意见改变,正确理解条款规定的要求。     

Domestic violence: Victimization, police intervention, and disposition

The data presented here are consistent with prior research conclusions and indicate that wives have been victims in domestic dispute incidents in the United States more frequently than other family or household members. Further, in specific instances where criminal complaints were initiated, it is shown that in these instances, arrest under the Domestic Violence Program produced the strongest association when wives were the victims. The police were likely to arrest offenders (1) when criminal complaints were initiated and (2) when intimate family members, rather than strangers, were victims. The data indicate that victims who did not initiate criminal complaints did not receive adequate protection or services from the criminal justice system, and criminal complaints initiated by wives received significantly more arrest-and-referral activity than did complaints initiated by other family or household members.     

Welfare effects of forming a criminal organization

This paper develops a simple model to examine the economic consequences of two different criminal market structures in the private protection and extortion industry: (1) horizontal (decentralized) governance and market structure and (2) hierarchical (centralized) governance and market structure with a criminal organization. Forming a criminal organization produces positive or negative effects on its members and social efficiency. These results depend on the potential competitiveness among criminals and the ability of a criminal organization’s boss to target more valuable extortion victims.     

POLITICAL CRIME, POLITICAL JUST1CE, AND POLITICAL PRISONERS

Few attempts have previously been made systematically to define or interrelate the concepts of political crime, political criminal, political justice, and political prisoner. To establish a more adequate conceptual base for research, political crime and political criminals are herein defined in terms of motiwtions underlying criminal acts, regardless of the nature of the acts themselves; political justice is defined in terms of the state's reaction to perceived threat; and political prisoners are defined as those incarcerated because of either political crime (politico1 criminals) or political justice (victims of repression). Dimensions for a taxonomy of political crime are suggested.     

Criminals seeking ICT-expertise: an exploratory study of Dutch cases

Which opportunities due to digitization are exploited by criminals? And how do criminals gather the required ICT-expertise to take advantage of these opportunities? This exploratory study provides insight into criminals seeking ICT-expertise by analyzing five Dutch cases. This paper shows that criminals seeking ICT-expertise take advantage of companies and employees in the ICT-sector that act in a gray area. It is noteworthy that the initial contact of criminals seeking ICT-expertise is often immediately directed to criminal collaboration. In these cases, ‘capacity’ is more important than ‘contact’. Furthermore, this paper discusses the role of forums for criminals seeking ICT-expertise. Criminals take advantage of the transfer of knowledge on forums and the existence of crimeware-as-a-service. Finally, this study falsifies the statement that there is a clear division between traditional offender groups taking advantage of the possibilities arising from ICT, and crime groups operating exclusively online. In practice, there are many connections between online and offline activities.     

流动人口刑事被害人及被害预防

流动人口构成犯罪被害的高危群体,因此对其进行积极有效的被害预防将对整个社会的犯罪预防和治安状况的好转起到非常重要的作用。从被害人角度看待流动人口在刑事案件中所处的角色从发,结合被害人学的相关理论和流动人口被害的实证统计,分析流动人口被害原因包括社会原因、环境原因和个人原因的基础上,这样的被害预防对策可能更有效。     

Towards Good Practice in Juvenile Justice Policy in the Commonwealth

Any witness who is not able to testify due to lack of support or protection is a loss to the proper functioning of a criminal justice system. In this context it is generally accepted that creating a climate for witnesses to testify truthfully and without fear of reprisals is essential to fulfilling the goals of truth and justice. Accordingly, addressing the issues of witness protection and support is a central aspect of a well-functioning criminal justice system; one that contributes not only to the rule of law through more effective investigations and trials, but also ensures that witnesses are treated with the recognition and care they deserve for their contribution to finding the truth. The principle that victims in the criminal justice system must be treated with courtesy, compassion and respect for their personal dignity entails a responsibility on the part of national authorities to realise this basic principle through the development of appropriate mechanisms designed to provide assistance to the victims. However, building effective national victims/witness support and protection is challenging for any state, and especially so for small Commonwealth jurisdictions due to capacity and other constraints. The Commonwealth seeks to provide technical assistance and capacity building to support its members in promoting the rule of law and has developed and disseminated a best practice guide for the protection of victims and witnesses in the criminal justice system. This article seeks to highlight the valuable findings of the Commonwealth guide and to provide guidance to policy-makers, legislators, police, prosecutors and other stakeholders in criminal justice practice.     

恢复性司法“中国化”之制度抗衡问题研究

就被害人、犯罪人利益保护而言,无论是附带民事诉讼制度、还是刑事被害人补偿制度抑或是刑事和解制度、非刑罚处罚方法,它们都远不如恢复性司法那么周详;就提高诉讼效率而言,刑事简易程序功不可没,但已无拓展的空间,亟须恢复性司法的加盟。     

The Impact of Safe Harbor Legislation on Court Proceedings Involving Sex Trafficked Youth: A Qualitative Investigation of Judicial Perspectives

The passage of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) facilitated the conceptual shift in reframing youth involved in sex trafficking as victims, rather than criminals. Many states have passed legislation in the form of Safe Harbor laws to protect sex trafficked juveniles from criminal charges and provide rehabilitative services (Polaris, 2015). Nevertheless, limited research has examined the impact of Safe Harbor laws and the role juvenile and family court judges play in how minor victims of sex trafficking are treated by the court system. Consequently, the purpose of this qualitative study was to examine juvenile and family court judges’ knowledge and perceptions of Safe Harbor legislation and identify legal challenges when presiding over cases involving sexually exploited youth. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a national sample (N = 82) of family and juvenile court judges. Findings suggest that respondents perceive Safe Harbor laws to have positively affected both attitudes and practices, although several challenges and unintended negative effects were identified. Further, dispositional issues, difficulties with case identification, legal and policy issues, and challenges with interagency collaboration were identified as ongoing issues to address. Legal implications as well as practice and policy considerations based on the study findings are discussed.     

论刑事和解的正义冲突及其消解

刑事和解的构建初衷在于强化刑事被害人的保护,但刑事和解的适用却无疑一定程度地弱化了对犯罪人的惩罚。被害人保护与犯罪人惩罚均为社会的正义诉求,却在刑事和解中产生冲突。应当在价值松绑、立法解危、司法开路中消解刑事和解中的正义冲突。     

Psychotic Domestic Murder: Neuropsychological Differences Between Homicidal and Nonhomicidal Schizophrenic Men

There is substantial evidence that individuals with schizophrenia are at increased risk for violent criminal behavior and an even higher risk for committing murder, relative to the general population. Neuropsychological features of seven schizophrenic men who murdered family members were compared to neuropsychological features of seven schizophrenic men with no history of violence, criminal offenses or antisocial behavior. The two groups were matched for age, education, race, gender, handedness, and diagnosis, and had similar psychotic symptom profiles and substance abuse histories. The schizophrenic murderers demonstrated significantly worse neuropsychological impairment, involving executive dysfunction and memory dysfunction, relative to nonviolent schizophrenic men. Implications include: (1) specific neuropsychological deficits may increase the likelihood of some schizophrenic men to murder family members due to an impaired capacity to inhibit impulsive violent aggression; (2) neuropsychological status of schizophrenic defendants who commit domestic homicide should be considered by the trier-of-fact when they are tried for murder.