The Process is the Rule and the Punishment is the Process

Andrew Ashworth, The Criminal Process: An Evaluative Study , Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994, 315 pp, hb £45.00, pb £12.95. Andrew Sanders and Richard Young, Criminal Justice , London: Butterworths, 1994, 496 pp, pb £18.95.     

论司法生态平衡与诉讼价值最大化

司法生态从语义上涵括了法律实证活动中的参与要素,从系统的角度看,要使其发挥最佳功能和效益,必须保持常态平衡。司法活动的根本目的在于体现司法公正,实现司法正义,这些目的的实现必须通过具体的诉讼过程,因此,实体与程序、成本与效益、法典与政策等对应与平衡关系就成为这个过程的关键,并由此考量诉讼价值和法治理念。     

Influence and the Referee Process

This study examines the influence the referee process has on the development of economic thought. It examines the practices, principles, theories, and methodology involved in the referee process and the development of economic thought. It finds that the complaints against it are difficult, if not impossible, to measure. It identifies a central problem with the referee process, the use of citations to measure both influence and quality. It concludes with a proposal for a different and broader citation index and a call to change the dependence of many decisions on the use of citations.Version 1 of paper given at the Erfurt Conference on Academic Publishing, December 12, 2003     

支付命令与安全程序——美国《统一商法典》第4A编的核心概念及对我国电子商务立法的启示

电子资金划拨是电子商务的重要环节。作为世界上调整大额电子资金划拨最完善的法律,美国《统一商法典》第4A编创设了“支付命令”和“安全程序”等全新的概念与规则。支付命令不仅是4A编所界定的支付指令,而且对确定4A编的调整范围和大额电子资金划拨各当事方权利义务具有重要的意义。安全程序是支付命令的认证手段,其相关规则将欺诈损失在各当事方间进行了分担。美国《统一商法典》第4A编对我国电子商务立法具有如下启示:“功能等同”方法不是电子商务立法的唯一思路,我国立法应借鉴美国《统一商法典》第4A编的经验,考虑创立具有全新概念、全新规则专门调整电子商务特定关系的法律;我国电子商务法应是一个法群,而不是一部法典;我国电子商务立法应就电子化权利的转让问题作出规定。     

网上仲裁程序与正当程序

正当程序是各国仲裁程序的基本原则,其最基本的要求是仲裁庭应给予当事人适当的通知和行使申辩权的机会。在网上仲裁程序中,仲裁庭通过互联网向当事人送达仲裁文书和进行审理。虽然网上送达和网上审理与传统的送达方式和审理方式存在着一定的差异,但二者在功能和作用上是相同的,能够满足正当程序的基本要求。     

Transnational Legal Process and State Change

This article applies a sociolegal approach to the study of transnational legal processes and their effects within countries. First, we clarify the concepts of transnational law, transnational legal process, and transnational legal order. Second, we provide a typology of five dimensions of state change that we can assess empirically. Third, we explain the factors that determine the variable effects of transnational legal processes and organize these factors into three clusters. Fourth, we introduce four empirical studies of transnational legal processes' differential effects in five regulatory areas in Asia, Africa, and South America that illustrate these points. Together, they provide a guide of how to study the interaction of transnational and national legal processes, and the extent and limits of transnational legal processes' effects.     

论工序发明

工序发明指创新产品设计、生产工艺与产品营销过程的发明。产品发明与工序发明构成增加社会产品种类与降低资源消耗对立互补的循环运动。我国陆上油田进入枯竭期,资源短缺已成为我国经济发展的瓶颈。中国发展亟待保护社会性工序发明,修订与《专利法》相冲突的《审查指南》,营造保护工序发明的社会环境,开展对工序的研究,克服现行行政捏合的外合内不联的地方“诸侯”集团现象,通过全行业的工序创新,对产业重组、整合,实现资源共享。     

The Scholarly Process

This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André‐Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, and Lawrence O. Gostin.     

浅析教学过程与创新

教学过程就是学生在教师指导下认识世界，接受人类已经积累的知识和经验的过程。在学校教学过程中，主张“双主模式”，教师的教授活动和学生的学习活动，是师生双方共同以教材等教学资源为媒介所开展的探求真理的认识活动，它是师生双方共同的认识活动。继承与创新，体现并贯穿于教学过程的始终。教学过程应围绕着教学目的，调动一切积极因素，对所有教学条件实施最有效的配置，有效地控制各种教学要素，使教学过程发挥它们的整体最佳功能。     

The Initiative Process and its Declining Agenda-setting Value

California adopted the initiative process in 1911 as a means to allow the electorate to enact laws or amend the state constitution without acting through representatives. The process was instituted in reaction to an unresponsive legislature dominated heavily by well-financed and professional special interest groups.
Since 1978, however, there has been a clear trend toward the "professionalization" of the initiative process in California. What was once a valuable agenda-setting mechanism for citizens has increasingly become a tool of professional special interest groups. A survey of expenditures made in solely the qualification phase of statewide initiatives over time shows a growing dichotomy between those initiatives that qualify for the ballot and those that fail to qualify. Not only are dramatically more funds spent on behalf of successful qualification efforts, but these funds also are more likely to be spent on enlisting professional signature-gathering services. The era of the "popular initiative" is coming to a close unless steps are taken to reduce the professionalization of its agenda-setting function.     

Fantasy,Commitment and the Irish Peace Process

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique -