Literacy for the community, by the community

Literacy is a significant challenge in the U.S. and its territories, especially in low income communities where use of English language is non-standard. Wedeveloped the Actual Community Empowerment (ACE) Reading program for students at risk in such communities. ACE is a small-group tutoring program to support fluency, word recognition and decoding, and comprehension at the best pace of learning for individual, struggling readers. It has several variations (e.g., for different ages, different uses of technology), depending on local needs and resources. The program has been successfully implemented in 40 locations from Philadelphia to Pohnpei, with a 95% success rate for significant reading improvement. ACE tutors are community paraprofessionals or school students with backgrounds similar to the children who receive tutoring. In the first major section of this paper, the ACE Reading Program is described and empirical research demonstrating the benefits of the program for students' literacy is reviewed. The second major section presents preliminary qualitative research evidence that paraprofessional tutors progress through recognizable stages toward increased professionalism. Recommendations for future research are provided.     

国外社区矫正模式对我国社区矫正模式创新的启示

随着劳动教养制度在我国的废除,如何健全和完善我国的社区矫正制度成为我国深化司法体制改革过程中的重要问题。借鉴国外成熟模式,并总结我国实践经验形成符合我国国情的、统一的、有明显作用的社区矫正模式,成为现阶段我国社区矫正工作的一项主要任务。     

以少年司法改革推进社区矫正

我国社区矫正的起步是对现代司法程序改革、刑罚轻刑化、恢复性司法、社区矫正和少年司法制度等多方面的重大挑战。中国的社区矫正要向前推进,应当以少年司法改革为先导。社区矫正的功能评估应以观护措施为主,以矫正措施为辅,对少年违法行为的处遇原则应依据少年犯罪的原因,而不是依据少年犯罪的危害结果,对少年犯罪人的司法保护的核心是要保障他们社会化过程的连续性。社区矫正不仅要注意个别化处遏的体现,还要注意矫正范围和功能的泛化。     

试析新桂系政府对广西疫病的应对

20世纪30、40年代新桂系政府对疫病防治采取了一系列积极措施,不仅比较有效地防止疫病的发生和扩大,直接保存了劳动力,促进广西医疗卫生和医疗教育的发展。而且还完善了当时广西卫生防疫机制,扩大了政府职能,一定程度上转变了政府的理念。然而由于防治物资缺乏,社会动荡等原因,新桂系政府对疫病的防治能力仍然很有限。     

公共危机治理中的行政法机制

公共危机接踵而至,我们只有从体制、机制、法制等方面予以完善,不断提高预防和处置公共危机的能力,方可从容面对。其中,法制上的完善离不开对法学理论的研究,尤其需要以发展的角度深化对行政应急原则、行政主体制度、新型行政行为、行政协助制度、行政责任制度、特别权力关系以及行政法的国际化等诸多行政法学理论问题的研究。     

论突发型群体性事件的快速反应机制

突发型群体性事件快速反应机制由社会稳定状态的预测系统、社会矛盾监控与预警信息系统、社会矛盾的教育调解系统和群体性事件的处置系统构成.群体性事件突发后,对其处置主要包括了解事件真相、判断事件性质、分析事件责任、表明政府态度、采取相应处置措施等环节.群体性事件的处置要坚持争取大多数、防止扩大化、谨慎出警、公正执法、掌握重点人员、及时取证等一些基本原则.     

School Mental Health's Response to Terrorism and Disaster

Abstract

The events of September 11,2001, have underscored the mental health needs of youth and families, and amplified the advantages of proactively bringing a range of mental health services to them, where they are, in natural settings such as schools. Further, there is increasing momentum for the enhancement of coordinated and comprehensive school-based approaches that seek to effectively respond to significant crises such as terrorist attacks and disaster. This article explores key themes related to school mental health's response to terrorism and disaster. Following review of background literature on child and adult reactions to trauma, we discuss the development of crisis response teams, and present a range of strategies for schools to respond to crises and disaster. The experiences of one elementary school in responding to the events of September 11 are presented, followed by review of critical challenges facing schools and school mental health programs in improving their ability to respond to significant crises.     

Defending Inalienable Right: Response to Three Critical Propositions

To defend the explanatory power of the choice theory of rights, choice theorists have put forward the impossibility theorem,the proposition of moral priority, and the redundancy theory of rights to deny the existence of inalienable rights. However, the impossibility theorem confuses power and privilege and breaks through basic legal relations; the proposition of moral priority shifts from the importance of rights to the absoluteness of rights by refusing to recognize the “threshold” of rights; t...     

ENDANGERED Language-China＇s Response to a Global Problem

The tides of history have washed away so many languages, such as the ancient Egyptian pictographs and the Mesopoiamian cuneiforms used thousands of years ago. Seeing them in museums, we can＇t help but be fascinated by the mystery of those “pictures” and geometric figures that experts worked hard to crack.     

媒体对大众应对危机的影响——社会心理视角

应对危机的大众心理状况直接影响着危机状态下的社会行为。目前,这种社会心理并不尽如人意,表现为危机意识淡漠、警觉性下降,应对能力薄弱,灾难导致的哀伤沉重持久而泛化。造成这种状况的原因有社会转型带来的社会价值变化的影响,更有媒体在现代社会危机应对心理塑造上的偏差。改善之道在于增强大众媒体对危机应对的关注力度,改进大众媒体的报道方式,提高其科学报道的水平,并发挥大众媒体的优势,加强公众的虚拟危机应对训练。     

从村民社会到公民社会——宪法与新农村建设的财政视角

建设社会主义新农村的基本目标是实现从村民社会向公民社会的转型。公民社会本质上是走向平等、民主和法治的社会,推动村民社会向公民社会转型最为直接的力量是渗透着宪法精神的民主财政和法治财政。引导农村走向公民社会的财政对策是:推进农村财政改革,对农民实行直接补贴;推进乡村民主建设步伐;积极推行财政法治化进程。     

新奥尔良飓风灾难应对失当的成因剖析

举世瞩目的新奥尔良飓风灾难及随后问题百出的救援过程,折射出公共管理和城市管理过程中仍存在许多值得政府管理工作者高度重视的问题。本文从城市管理、危机管理和公共管理的角度对导致这次灾难加深加重的原因进行剖析,特别探讨了城市规划失误、财政专项资金挪用、危机预警意识薄弱、行政效率低下、忽视弱势群体以及政府间关系协调失当等原因。最后,本文强调了新奥尔良飓风灾难这一典型案例对中国的城市管理和危机管理的借鉴意义。     

Educational-entertainment as an intervention with black adolescents exposed to community violence

Witnessing violence is one adverse childhood experience (ACE) associated with living in impoverished Black urban communities. Youth with higher violence avoidance self-efficacy and positive coping are more likely to avoid violence. This study evaluates educational entertainment (edutainment) as an intervention with Black adolescents exposed to community violence. Edutainment has shown success in increasing self-efficacy and positive coping skills in other domains. Self-administered scales were used to measure stress, anxiety, violence avoidance self-efficacy, and coping strategies. Data were collected pre- and nine days post-interventions/no intervention from 20 subjects receiving the edutainment intervention, 19 subjects participating in a group discussion about violence, and 21 subjects receiving no intervention (N?=?60). Edutainment and no intervention were more effective than group discussion alone in increasing violence avoidance self-efficacy. Violence avoidance self-efficacy was found to have an intervening relationship between edutainment and the outcome of stress. This study indicates limited but positive effects for edutainment.     

文化哲学研究的实践生存论回应

80年代以来,在中国文化哲学研究中,主客模式与科技主义成为文化哲学研究的主导范式,通过审视这些研究范式,可以发现它们对人的存在和发展问题几乎都未给予很好的思考和回答。在反思上述研究范式的基础上所形成的实践生存论文化哲学观,主张应从实践出发理解人、发展人,从人的存在与发展基点出发理解文化存在的本质与功能,并认为,在建构实践生存论文化观的过程中,西方生存论思想和马克思主义实践论思想都是可用以借鉴的思想资源。总的来看,以实践生存论来理解文化,文化就是人类关于自身生存状况的自我意识的意义表达。     

提升社区志愿服务质量路径探析

社区志愿服务是指社会组织及个人自愿用自己的时间、技能等资源,为社区居民和社区慈善事业、公益事业等提供帮助或服务。自20世纪80年代民政部在全国推开社区服务以来,志愿服务就开始在我国逐步兴起。经过近三十年的发展,志愿者服务足迹遍布社区居家养老、便捷生活、文娱健康等各个领域,在社区倡导了人人为我、我为人人的和谐理念,体现出了志愿服务者的自我价值,同时也提高了社区管理民主化的程度。     

"转代理":转型期低收入社区居委会自我"减负"的行为模式--武汉市X社区"门栋自治"的背后

本文的基本假设为在社区行政化的背景下,社区居委会在应对无法承受之重的社区事务的挑战时,主要存在"逃避"、"合作"、"抗争"、"转代理"等四种自我"减负"的策略选择;但在社区阶层化条件下,"转代理"策略是低收入社区居委会自我"减负"的一种相对经济和现实的行为模式.本文以武汉市X社区为个案,从正、反两个方面在经验上对该假设进行了验证.     

谈社区民警如何化解社会矛盾纠纷

社会矛盾纠纷化解工作是基层派出所必须牢牢把握的工作重点.深入推进社会矛盾化解,事关社会和谐和政治稳定,是新的历史条件下党和政府赋予公安机关的一项重要职责,是公安机关密切和谐警民关系的有效载体.如何推动社会矛盾化解,实现社会和谐稳定,是目前基层派出所一个值得认真思考的问题.     

创新社区模式 建设温馨家园——关于武汉市江岸区百步亭社区的调查

武汉市百步亭社区在开发建设理念、社区管理体制、社区自治体制等方面进行创新,构建了以企业为主导的“四结合”的社区建设管理模式,采取市场化运作,实行规划、开发、建设、管理、服务一条龙,建、管、育相结合,走社区建设市场化、公共管理企业化、公共服务社会化的新路子,将“民营、民主、民享、民强”融为一体,实现社区可持续发展。     

我国应对突发事件的现状分析与对策研究

突发事件的发生有着极为深刻的国际国内政治的、经济的、社会的和自然的原因.我国在突发事件应对中存在着应急信息通报不及时、不充分甚至隐瞒信息,社会力量参与不足等问题.我们党要增强应对突发事件的能力,需要在提高和增强党员的能力和本领、完善我国突发事件应急机制、加强立法、强化依法办事、完善行政问责制、妥善处理群体性突发事件等方面做出不懈努力.