探望权法律制度完善探讨

探望权,是指离婚后不直接抚养子女的父亲或母亲一方享有的于未成年子女探望、联系、会面、交往、短期共同生活的权利。随着当今社会离婚率的普遍增长,离婚后有关探望子女的纠纷也逐渐增加并成为社会问题。作为现代亲权理论的产物,我国婚姻法第三十八条确定了离婚后子女探望权制度,使我国婚姻法得到进一步完善。构建探望权制度对于家庭和睦、社会稳定具有重大意义。     

Unmanaged care: towards moral fairness in health care coverage

Health insurers are generally guided by the principle of "actuarial fairness," according to which they distinguish among various risks on the basis of cost-related factors. Thus, insurers often limit or deny coverage for vision care, hearing aids, mental health care, and even AIDS treatment based on actuarial justifications. Furthermore, approximately forty-two million Americans have no health insurance at all, because most of these individuals cannot afford the cost of insurance. This Article argues that Americans have come to demand more than actuarial fairness from health insurers and are increasingly concerned by what I call "moral fairness." This is evidenced by the hundreds of laws that have been passed to constrain insurers' discretion with respect to particular coverage decisions. Legislative mandates are frequent, but seemingly haphazard, following no systematic methodology. This Article suggests an analytical framework that can be utilized to determine which interventions are appropriate and evaluates a variety of means by which moral fairness could be promoted in the arena of health care coverage.     

Civil liability of private security: Enforcer of moral obligations to right legal wrongs

The private security industry in the United States now has approximately twice as many personnel as does the public police. Private Security personnel have authority over the liberty, and sometimes the lives, of customers and employees. Often they exercise this awesome responsibility with little if any background and training. In most instances private security personnel are not considered law officers or peace officers and are, therefore, not bound by the same rules and regulations that apply to public police. More and more frequently, untrained or minimally trained, and basically unqualified security officers are taking actions against customers and employees which are excessive and unreasonable. Without the Constitutional protections which would be available if the act were committed by a public police officer, the only recourse for a private individual against reckless and wanton conduct on the part of private security personnel is a civil action, seeking compensation for the inconvenience caused or injuries received. The courts have found that companies and their security personnel have an obligation to be reasonable in their investigations of suspected criminal violations by employees and customers. Failure to conduct a proper and reasonable investigation will open the individual directing the investigation, and the company authorizing it, to liabililty for the injury their improper actions have caused. Civil liability suits have become the moral enforcer for improper and excessive conduct by private security personnel.     

关于医生处方权法律属性的探讨

目前对于医生处方权的法律属性尚未有统一的认识，本文从分析权利、权力的性质出发，结合医生处方权的取得、所指向的客体及其所处的基础法律关系性质的分析，认为医生处方权应属于私权利。     

物权法定原则缓和与非法定物权

在坚持物权法定的原则下,实行物权法定的缓和也是物权立法的趋势,否则,严格固守物权法定原则,物权法就会脱离市场经济发展的需求,可能会扼杀新兴的物权,阻碍市场经济的发展.因此,<物权法>在奉行物权法定原则的同时,也应当实行物权法定的缓和.     

A democratic responsiveness approach to real reform: an exploration of health care systems' resilience

Real reforms attempt to change how health care is financed and how it is rationed. Three main explanations have been offered to explain why such reforms are so difficult: institutional gridlock, path dependency, and societal preferences. The latter posits that choices made regarding the health care system in a given country reflect the broader societal set of values in that country and that as a result public resistance to real reform may more accurately reflect citizens' personal convictions, self-interest, or even active social choices. "Conscientious objectors" may do more to derail reform than previously recognized.     

试论生命权的法律保护

生命权是人类固有的、第一位的人权,是其他一切权利的基础和前提。不论是国际人权公约,还是世界各国执政党,对生命权都给予了极大的关注。本文从全球视野的角度,分析了我国生命权在宪法保障、法律救济以及死刑适用方面存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。