制度变迁中的政府行为:理论基础与现实选择

新制度主义将制度变迁划分为演进理性主义和建构理性主义两种模式,前者揭示了政府在制度变迁中可能产生的消极作用,而后者则强调政府在制度供给中的主导性或辅助性作用.我国的社会主义市场经济属于后发外生型市场经济,在破除计划体制的同时市场经济尚未成熟,必须依靠政府力量衔接不完全的计划与不完全市场以解决社会转型期制度资源短缺这一突出问题.当然,政府主导的制度变迁也存在一些局限性,需要我们加以反思.     

《民法典·继承编》:编纂争议与制度抉择

《民法典·继承编》的编纂,关乎《民法典》编纂的体系与质量,牵涉我国现行《继承法》的理念传承与制度完善。若要编纂具有本国特色与本土情怀的《民法典·继承编》,则需关注继承民俗与继承习惯,回应继承需求与继承关切,借鉴域外继承立法的规范设计与制度走向。继承立法并非仅是单纯的制度架构与模式选择,而是融合了理念、传统、希冀、情怀的价值抉择与利益博弈。故《民法典·继承编》的编纂,应承担相应的道德责任与社会责任。即通过编纂定位,实现功用价值、追求内在价值;通过争议抉择,拓展法定继承顺序、调整直系姻亲的继承地位;通过制度补益,修正继承行为、更新继承习惯。     

土地承包经营权法律配置的制度“瓶颈”与制度选择

土地承包经营权流转是我国集体土地制度改革的重要方向之一。土地承包经营权合理配置是土地承包经营权流转的制度前提,现行土地承包经营权法律配置的制度"瓶颈"限制了土地承包经营权流转。在对现行土地承包经营权法律配置进行反思和分析土地承包经营权重构制度选择的理论前提之后,从土地承包经营权权能的重构、土地承包经营权与集体土地所有权的协调、土地承包经营权与土地发展权配置、土地承包经营权初次流转期限与登记制度、土地承包经营权基本权利属性与土地征收等方面分析我国土地承包经营权法律配置的制度选择。     

财政分权制度模式比较与中国的选择

经过对相关国家财政分权实践的考察,可以概括出财政分权的制度模式主要有两种,即对称型和非对称型。在当代社会经济发展呈现复杂化的现实背景下,两种制度模式存在融合趋势。基于特定的政治文化和国家体制等方面的原因,中国应该选择非对称型作为未来财政分权的制度模式。     

土地承包经营权的性质与制度选择

我国目前的土地承包经营权性质上是债权,物权化并不能够完全解决实践中存在的问题,关键在于物权法的制度选择。土地承包经营权应界定为法定物权,依照承包合同产生,无需登记。完善土地承包经营权是探索集体土地所有制改革的前提。     

Constitutional Pluralism Revisited

This essay revisits the theory of constitutional pluralism. This theory was first developed in the EU context as a way of understanding and defending the absence of a broadly agreed source of final authority in the relationship between national and supranational (EU) legal systems and their respective appellate courts in the context of the significant increase in supranational jurisdiction around the time of the Maastricht Treaty 25 years ago. The essay argues that the theory of constitutional pluralism remains relevant today, in particular offering better explanatory and justificatory accounts of the EU than any of the singularist (or monist), holist or federalist alternatives. Its continuing relevance, however, depends on a more explicit focus on the political underpinnings of the legal and judicial dimensions of constitutional pluralism than has typically been the case in the literature, and on more detailed consideration of the preconditions, forms and limits of constitutional initiative in the contemporary phase of unprecedented challenge to the legitimacy of the EU.     

Selective Incapacitation Revisited

The term incapacitation is an important criminological concept that implies that the offender's capacity to commit new crimes is to be concretely obstructed or reduced through confinement. The purpose of selective incapacitation is to select those particularly prone to violence and to incapacitate them. The paper presents a critical analysis of the risk prediction enterprise. The paper addresses the accuracy of prediction, the ethics of prediction, and in particular the research culture within which research on prediction occurs.     

Secret Law Revisited

What follows is an attempt to do some conceptual housekeeping around the notion of secret law as provided by Christopher Kutz (2013). First I consider low‐salience (or merely obscure) law, suggesting that it fails to capture the legal and moral facts that are at stake in the case which Kutz used to motivate it. Then I outline a theoretical contrast between mere obscurity and secrecy, in contrast to the “neutral” account of secrecy provided by Sissela Bok (1989). The upshot of the two sections is that low‐salience law is neither secret law nor necessarily problematic, though it closely resembles a kind of law that is both secret and problematic, namely, those legal obscurities that subvert manifest interests related to the informational needs of citizens. The ensuing argument undermines the fiction of constructive presence found in Austin and Blackstone.     

论专利授权行为的法律效力——兼评《专利法》改革中的制度选择

专利制度需要改革,譬如我国的专利无效程序因其环节多等原因而颇受学者非议,专利侵权的认定标准等方面也存有争议。然,专利制度改革需要理论的支持。澄清专利授权行为的法律效力,在专利授权条件、侵权争议中的权利推定、现有技术抗辩、权利要求解释规则等各项专利制度中,强调专利授权行为的公示公信力,保障专利制度促进技术扩散的信息系统功能,这对专利制度改革和实践具有重要的意义。     

Who are ‘The Parties’? Article 31, Paragraph 3(C) of the 1969 Vienna Convention and the ‘Principle of Systemic Integration’ Revisited

Netherlands International Law Review -     

蒙古:政党间的角力

蒙古国前总统恩赫巴亚尔是在夜间获刑的。2012年8月2日夜,蒙古国首都乌兰巴托市苏赫巴托区法院宣判这名前总统、蒙古人民革命党(人革党)的主席因犯70亿图格里克(210图格里克约合1元人民币)贪污罪获刑四年零一个月,并处没收其在银行账户中的8.93万美元和属于其个人的部分房产。据称,法院认定恩赫巴亚尔在乌兰巴托市欧尔勾宾馆、《乌兰巴托评论》折价出售时获取私利,还在额尔登特公司购置钢材方面收受有关公司贿赂等。     

论刑事案件的当事人

刑事案件的当事人不是诉讼参与人,诉讼参与人只是参与诉讼,而当事人却是对诉讼的产生和存在均有决定性影响的人。本文划清了司法主体、诉讼主体和参诉主体这三种主体的界限。当事人不等于诉讼主体,诉讼主体是由诉讼法律关系产生的,而当事人在诉讼发生前早已存在;当事人是实体法律关系的主体,即案件实体中的两方主体。诉讼当事人是指案件实体中的当事人,诉讼并没有创造出新的当事人;程序意义上的当事人应称为当诉人。当事人是身当其事的人;当诉人是身当其诉的人。